              Borland Database Engine  IDAPI
                      孮
                                            ਠ ⮢ 
                                            -業 -ࢥ
                                            孮 Borland  ᭮
                                              Pandu Rudraraju 
                                            IDAPI Technology Development
                                            "BDE and IDAPI. A technology
                                            overview"
                                            䮭  ࠢ:
                                             095-535-0319, 525-53-49
                                            E-mail: delphi@bor.compnet.ru

    
    --------
  ନ IDAPI (Integrated Database API) ᯮ  ⮫쪮  뫪
 API த,    뫪   孮.  Borland Database
Engine (BDE) ᯮ  ᠭ , 饣  ᭮
孮 ( 砥 IDAPI   ࠡ稪 ᮢ)
  IDAPI ࠩ (Paradox, dBase  ⥪⮢ ࠩ)  IDAPTER 
 ⢥ 権    IDAPI SQL ࠩ஢. ନ IDAPI 
।⢮訩  ନ ODAPI (Open Database API),  ᯮ짮
 ࠭ ॠ樨 ⮩ 孮.

   孮 IDAPI: 1990-1994
  ------------------------------------
 ஥ IDAPI 砫  ५ 90- .  孮 
⠢   ODAPI  Quattro Pro for Windows 1.0  ᥭ
1992 .  ᭮ 宦 㬥 ⠢  Paradox for Windows 1.0
 䥢ࠫ 1993 .    㦥  Paradox  dBase ࠩ஢ 
ࠡ稪 ᮢ QBE.   ODAPI 1.0.
 ,    ᥭ  1993  ,    ODAPI  1.1  SQL ࠩࠬ 
InterBase, Oracle  Sybase ⠢﫠  Paradox for Windows 4.5   Quattro
Pro for  Windows 5.0.  ,    1994     SQL ࠩ  
Informix.
      ⮩  孮  -  IDAPI  1.2.      﫠
१⮬ ࠡ, த 孨᪨  ⮬ IDAPI ( 饬  
।⠢⥫ Borland, IBM, Novell  WordPerfect).  ॠ  砫
⢮  ,     ⠪   ⥫  ࠩ,     ⭮,
IDAPTER,        ᯮ짮    ODBC ࠩ  ࠩ
IDAPI.

  ।
  -----------
  ⮡    ᭮  ᮡ  IDAPI  孮,    뫮 
,  ந室  ᮡ  ,  易  ࠤᮬ  ( 
 - ਬ   㣨    IBM PC, ਬ DOS  dBase
 IV).   dBase    Paradox  ⠭  묨       ᮭ
஢, ⮬   ।⠢ ।  ࠧࠡ⪨ ਫ  
  ,    ꥤ  ࠢ  묨,     ,
ࠢ   ਫﬨ,      ⠪   짮⥫᪨   䥩    
⢨  짮⥫.      ࠡ  ᫥ ᪮쪮 
뢮:
   ᫨   ⥫쭮              - 㣮
ਫ, ࠧࠡ稪   㦭   ८ࠧ   ଠ ,  
      -   㦥   騩   ࠩ,    
⭮   ࠪ⨪   ᮢ⨬.(   ⮩ 窨  ७ -
   ૠ᪨ த⮢ -     ⥭   䠩  
ଠ ࠤ 㡫஢   ࠧ த.   謠  -
ঠ  ᮮ⢥⢨  .   室  ᢥ Paradox Engine   ᫮
᮪⨫   -    㦥  :)
     ⢥ ᯮᮡ ࠡ  த묨 ଠ⠬  뫮
砫 ८ࠧ뢠   த ଠ,  ⥬ 㦥 㫨஢
, ᯮ 모  㬥਩ .   砥,  
䠪᪨ 㡫஢ ஫㥬 ࠧ (த ଠ + த),
१⮬ 뫨 ⮫쪮 ⥫ ஡.
      㦥 뫨 ஡,  ।﫮 ஢ த .
 ⮣  ।﫮 ८ࠧ   த ,  ⥬
ᯮ짮  㣨 㬥  襭 䨪樨 .
  ⮣ ,   ଥ Borland 㬠  ᮧ ᫥饣
 த⮢  ࠡ   , ⠫ ᮢ襭 ᭮, 
室 뤥     ⤥ 㬥.  
뢠 楫  뢮, 묨 ଠ Borland 㪮⢮ 
ᮧ IDAPI  Borland Database Engine.

    稭 ᮧ BDE/IDAPI
  ---------------------------------
 ஥ BDE/IDAPI 砫, ᫥ ᪮쪮 楫.  ⮣, ⮡
  IDAPI ⥫쭮   楫  稭, ᪮ 
  ⥬ ᮬ,  ᭮ ண ਭ    襭
 ॠ樨 API  㣨 ⥩ ᥩ ⥬.  楫  稭, ࠢ
 ᤥ묨 묨 ।ﬨ  饭ﬨ,   﫨
 ॠ樨 IDAPI, ᠭ :

 - ࠧ 모  ᠭ ଠ⮢ 䠩   㯠  

  ஥ ᫥饣  ⥬   ᮭ ஢
  뤥  ᠭ ଠ .    ࠡ
 몮 ᠭ ਫ  몮 ᠭ ଠ⮢   ⮤
㯠 ࠧ쭮.  -  蠣  ॢ饭 ।   
⥬. ⥫쭮 -  㦥 database engine (㤨⥫쭮, 
   ࠧ 宦 ࠧ!).  砥 뤥
⠪ database engine  ⢮ ਫ ( ⮬ ᫥  ਫ,
ࠧࠡ⠭ 쨬 ଠ)     ⥬  䠩  
⮣, ⮡ 㡫஢ ⮤ 㯠.

 - PC ⠫ 㬥⮬ ⥣樨 

 ,    ଠ樮 ࠡ⭨ (   ᯮ㥬
ଠ ⥬   ᯮᮡ  襩 ࠡ) 稫  
ᮭ쭮 , PC ⠫  ஫ 㬥 ⥣樨 .
   ६  ଠ樮 孮 墠뢠    
⥩   ,  쪠  㦨,  室
  ।   ⥬    ࠧ ଠ.
 ⮣, ⮡ 䥪⨢ ࠡ   ᫮, ॡ, ⮡
 ࠡ⭨      ⢠ 筨.
訩 㬥 ࠡ    ᤥ  .

 - אַ   /ᯮ

 /ᯮ    ਥ  ⢥ 襭  
㯠  . 誮   ६    ⮡ ⭮
  ८ࠧ    ଠ  㣮.  
  ࠪ᪨  ᤥ -  ᫨   
 ?  㠫 ⮫쪮   ,    
㡫.  ᥣ,     㦭 ९뢠
,  蠥 㠫쭮  .  襭  
 ⮫쪮  ⮩ 樨 ,  ன  㦤  ⮫쪮  
,     㦤; 㣨 ᫮, 쭮 襭 -
אַ .

 - ⢥ API   த, ⠪   த 筨 

 ᫨  ⠪ ,  Paradox for Windows  dBase for Windows  ᤥ
  㦨 ଠ⠬  ⠪  ,   ᢮ ଠ⠬, -
 ᯮᮡ  ⮣ 뫮  ॠ ⢥ API  㯠
   ଠ⮬. ᫨  ⮣  ᤥ, த 㤥 룫拉
"ମ",  㤥    묨  㦮 ଠ (宦, 
騥 த    ஡).
  Paradox for Windows, ⠪  dBase for Windows ᯮ 騩 IDAPI 
᢮ 㯠  .  த   - ᢮ २⢠
᢮ ଠ ,  ⮣   ॡ  ࠡ  ࠧ묨
ଠ⠬.   BDE  IDAPI,  ⨣ 楫   
ந⥫쭮.

 - 䨪 㯠  ᮭ  SQL  

  祭 ᫥ ᪮쪨   ᫨   ࠧ ᥬ. 
 ஭    ᮭ.  ᪨ ਥ 
ISAM (Index Sequential Acces Method),   㯠   ⠪ ⥬
( ਬ dBase)  ᮮ⭮  ISAM-.
    SQL ࠧ  ᮮ⢥⢨  ᮢ襭 㣮
, ᯮ饩 API 騩  SQL. 室 㭨஢
, ᫨    ন  ⨯  ⢥  䥪⨢.
 ⮫쪮-SQL,  ⮫쪮-ISAM ⨯ API   ꥤ ⢥ 
䥪⨢      ⨯ . ࠡ稪 ਫ
  ᢮  ᬥ訢  ᯮ짮  ⨯ 㯠 
  ᢮  롮 襣 襭  ᢮ .

 - 饭 ࠧࠡ⪨ ਫ 

 ᫨  室  롮   ࠧࠡ⪨ ਫ 
᫥ ⠭⠬,  ᫥ ⤠ ।⥭ ࢮ.

 - DB Engine   塞

  ଠ dBase  Paradox   ॢ騬 ଠ⠬. 
  ⮬ ⢥  㯨 - . ⥫쭮 뫮  
  ଠ   䨪樨 ᥩ ⥬. 襭 ⮩ ஡
 ⥪, ᭮  ࠩ.  ⥫쭮 뫮 
   ᮡ⢥ ⮤ 樨  ᨨ
  ⥬.

 - 䥪⨢ প । ணࠬ஢ ⠪ ,  dBase

   ⢥ 楫 IDAPI 뫠 室 প ।
ணࠬ஢ ⠪,  dBase  PAL  ⮬ API.   
࠭ ᤥ 権  짮⥫᪨ ਫ  ⮩
⥬. 祬 筮  ন  ।, 室
뫮 ᤥ  ⠪  䥪⨢묨,  ⮣,   짮
᢮ ⮤ 㯠  ⮫쪮 த .
 ।⠢ ᥡ, ᪮쪮   ᯥ 뫮   ७ Windows  3.1,
᫨  ⠬  뫮  প DOS ணࠬ.   ⥭樠    
Chicago, ᫨  ⠬  뫮  ᪠ Win 3.x  DOS ணࠬ ⠪ 
    䥪⨢,      ᢮  ᮡ⢥  ।.  IDAPI 易 
᫥   楫   Windows-ᨩ Paradox   dBase. 
,   楫 뫨 ⨣.

 -  ⮫쪮 쭮 室 ஢

  ਭ 襭 ⭮⥫쭮 ⮣,     IDAPI,
 让 ᮡ   ⥪ ⠪, ⮡  ⮫쪮
 騥  ࠧ ଠ⮢ .   ਥ.  襩
樥 ⮣,  楫 뫠 ⨣,   䠪,  
Paradox for Windows  dBase for Windows ᯮ IDAPI   饭
 .

 - প 樮 ᮡ⥩

  饥 ६  50 業⮢ 㯫  த ணࠬ
ᯥ祭 㯭  ந室  த  ୠ樮쭮
뭪. ⮬ ᪨ ⠭  ६, ஥ 稢 
થ⨭ 樮 ᨩ.  砫 ਪ᪮ ᨨ,  ⥬
 ᪮쪨 楢, ⮡ ந ࠧ 樮 ᨨ -
,    ਥ. Database engine  ন 㦤
ணࠬ⮢  ࠧ ࠭  ⮣, ⮡ ⠢  ࠧ
樮 ਠ.

 - ࠭ २ ᮭ 

 ᮭ  (ਬ, Paradox  dBase)  ࠡ  묨
⢥  . IDAPI   ᮧ ⥫ 㤭⥩
   २⢠.  㣮 ஭, IDAPI  
   ⢨ ⠪   ࢥ  -   १
।⠢ 襥    ஢.


 IDAPI  樮   
 -------------------------------------

 IDAPI  㯮  樮 㯥  .   砥
 㤥 祭 ஡ 㦤 ⮭ ⮣ ⮤ 㯠. 
,筮,     ࠧ ,   樮 ⮤
㯠  .
 Borland  樮     ODAPI  ॠ樥 Paradox for
Win Version 1.0. ᫥ ⮣,  ODAPI ॢ⨫  IDAPI, 樮
 뫨 ᨫ, ᮡ  ⭮襭 SQL ࠩ஢.
 樮  ⮨   API,  ᮤঠ  ᥡ browse-
⨯ 権, ᯮ㥬  ࠪ⨢ ਫ,  ⠪ dBase/PAL
⨯ -ਫ.
  ᪠ - ⥬  ⨯ 㯠 ISAM  ( ਬ,
B-trieve, 䠩 ⥬ VSAM  ३ IBM, Paradox Engine - 
  ᢮ ஢ API!) - ⠪     IDAPI?
᭮ ⫨稥 ⮨  ⮬,  IDAPI 뤥 ᭮ ᮡ
 API  ࠪ ୮ ,  䥥⨢  
     API. 䥩 IDAPI 筮 
ﬨ, ⮡ ন ࠪ᪨  ISAM-⨯ 㯠  
    ६ 筮 䥪⨢, ⮡   ᯮ
९뢠   㯠  ᭮ ⨯ .
  IDAPI  ⮬  ⠭. IDAPI ⠪ 砥 楯
ᮢ ( SQL,  QBE)    㭨஢ .
  ਢ SQL  ISAM ⨯ 㯠    ⮩ 
୮ .

    㤨  樮  IDAPI, ⮡ ᭨
 楯.  ,  樮   ᨬ 
 ⨯ 筨  (ISAM  SQL).  ࠩ IDAPI ন
 樮 . 設⢮ 樮 ᮡ⥩ 㯭
   祭   樨 "Open Table".
  ⠪, ᫨  稫  IDAPI,   㤥 
 ᫥饥:
    -     ࠢ १ १饥 ⢮.
       쬠 ⥫쭠   ஥ ਫ,
      ਥ஢  browse.   IDAPI  ⮩ .
       -ࢥ ।  IDAPI ⮬᪨   
       ᮮ⢥饥 ⢮ ᥩ,   樨 祭
      䥪⨢. ਪ ⢮ ணࠬ᪮ 㤠,  ண
       㤥 , ᫨ 㤥 ᯮ짮 ⠪ !

    - 冷稢   㯭 . 宦  
      १饬 ⢥  祭 .  ⠪ 
      ४  㣮 㯭  (   ⢥
      浪 ᥩ  类 )   㯠  ⥪饩
      .  筠 ணࠬ᪠ ࠪ⨪,  ন
      IDAPI.

    -  ⥪饥  , ⮡    .
      ணࠬ ᥣ ࠤ樮 ᯮ짮  த ஢
      , 祭   㣨 , ⮡  ᯮ
      .   樨,      ࠧ묨
      ଠ⠬/䠩/묨, 뫮   ᪠  㭨ᠫ
      ᯮᮡ  ,  뢠  - 譨 ⠫.  IDAPI
       堭    楫.  ⫨稥  㯮
      ᯮᮡ, , 祭   ࠭樨,   㯭
        㣨. ਬ, ᯮ  IDAPI,   ࠭
      ⥪饥 ﭨ  browse (᪠,   ᬠਢ
      ⥪騥  ⮢), 몫  ,  த 
      ⮣ ᠬ ,  ୥.

    -     , ᫨  ஢ 筨 
      ন . -,  ᪠,   訩 ᯮᮡ
       ਫ - , ᫨   ᯮ짮 ⠪ ⮤
       ᨫ  稭 - IDAPI  ন . (  ਬ,
       ⮩  -ਭ樯  뫮 ॠ dBase for
      Windows!).

    -  ୨஢ ⥪   ᨬ  ⮣,
        稫   ⮩ .  ୨஢
      ⥪   ᫨    㭨쭮 䨪,
      ᪮  ஢  ন  (ਬ ⠡
      Paradox  直 ᮢ.).  ᫨  ,
          墠   
      ⢥ ⥪饩  ( ,     ६ ୨-
      ஢  !) -  ᫨  祭 , 
      ஬   ஢. IDAPI   ⠪ .

    -  ஢ ⤥ . ⢮ -SQL
      ਫ   ⢮ ⠪ .  ஬
      ⮣,  ঠ ஢ ⮫ , ᪮쪮 㦭 -
      筮   ।,   ஢  ᤥ .
      IDAPI  ஢ ⤥ . ᫨   ஢
       ন ஢ , IDAPI-ࠩ 㫨 
      ᯮ  ⨬ ஢.

    -     (    ᭨,  筮
       SQL ). ,  , IDAPI ।⠢
        (⮡ ᫥  쭥襩 ୨樥)
        ࠩ  ஫  ⨬ . 
      ᢥ     ⮣, ⮡  
      ९뢠 (  ਬ,  ࠩ  
      堭 ⨬樨,  ⮣, ⮡  ⮫쪮  ,
       ⢨⥫쭮 ࣫  -   ᤥ 
      ࠩ Paradox  InterBase.)

    -  ᮧ ⢠ ᥩ , ᭮ 
      祭 㣮  ( ਬ ᮧ १饣 ⢠
       ""   稪,  ண 㪠뢠 
      "稪").   IDAPI ।⠢ ⠪ .
       Paradox' for Windows ⠡  ॠ १
      易 .  ⠪   몥 dBase for Windows 
      "SET RELATION TO"  ⮦ ॠ   易 ஢.

    - 쬥 IDAPI-  ਬ   䨫.   ᥡ ⠪
      ,   ࠭,  ᪫祭 ⮣,    ⮫쪮  ,
       㤮⢮ 䨫. ᫨ 室  ୨஢ ⠪
      ࠧ,   㦥 "஥" (constrained) ஬ (
      稬,   ஥  ⢥ 䨫  
        㣮). ᫨  ந ࠪ⨢ 㬥 
      ࠡ⪨   ॠ 䨫  몥 dBase, প API
        楫 쬠 䥪⨢. ࠩ IDAPI  ॠ뢠
      䨫  䥪⨢ ᯮᮡ,  ⮫쪮 , ᯮ
      २⢠  ᮡ 㯠  ᠬ  䨫樨 
       ஢.

    -  ஢ ஢,  ⮣, ⮡ ᨬ
      । 祭 .  㦭 ᯮ  ⮬,  
      ஢  祭  -   祭 . ।, 
           ᠬ ⠡. 魠  - ᯮ樮஢
         ,   㪠뢠 ன. IDAPI 
      ।⠢.

 ⠪, 樮    ᢮,    
⥩  㯥  . ᫨   ணࠬ, ࠡ
 묨   dBase   ᮪ ࠪ⨢ ਫ,  㦨,
 樮 室  IDAPI - 業 .  ᫨   ࠡ⠥
 SQL-ᠬ, IDAPI  ⠢   - 室.  ⠪ 
 ᢮  ᬥ訢  室,   ᯮ짮 訩
⮤    ஢.

   ,  SQL ࠩ IDAPI ॢ 樮 맮 
ᮮ⢥騥 SQL-. ⮬ ᫨  ࠧࠡ뢠 ࠪ⨢
ਫ   ᯮ짮  SQL API,  㤥   , 
 IDAPI, ⮫쪮 . ᪮ IDAPI    ,  
 ६  ࠧࠡ⪥.
  २⢠ IDAPI -  ।⠢ ⠪ 奬 ॠ樨 ஢, 
   易  SQL-ᮬ,   ⠡楩,   ⠡楩
  樨஢ ᮬ. 魮 IDAPI ⮨  ⮬,   ꥤ
   ISAM  ࠡ ᮢ ।⢮  ୮
ࠪ樨.

  ⥪ BDE/IDAPI

 [      ॠ樨  Microsoft Windows 3.1. ᫨
 㤥 ३   । ⨯ Chicago  NT, ⥪ ⥬
⢥  .]

  ᬮਬ  ⥪ IDAPI. IDAPI ᭮  ࠩ.  
⤥쭮 筨   ⤥ ࠩ.  
ࠩ ন  易 ᥬ 筨 (  ਬ,
ࠩ dBase ন ଠ dBase III+, IV   ࠭祭 ⥯
⠪  ଠ Foxpro). ࠩ IDAPI ⢥   饭  .
 ࠩ   ⠫஢   ६.
  ⥪ IDAPI  ꥪ⭮-ਥ஢. ᬮ  , 
᪨ API ।⠢  ᥡ ।⢮, ᭮  -譮 API, -
設⢮ ७ API ᭮  ꥪ.    
 塞  頥.  IDAPI ।⠢ ⠪
 ࢨ    , ஢, 몮
ࠩ஢  ..,   ᯮ짮 ᥬ ࠩࠬ. 
ࢨ ஡ 뢠  ᫥饩 .
  । IDAPI 䨣 ।⢮ 䨣樮 䠩, 
  ⠭   API, 饣  IDAPI.  ⮬
짮⥫   ।஢ .INI 䠩,  ஬ ⮣, 
஢  IDAPI   ( Windows) । ⥫쭮
. C⥬  IDAPI ࠢ ᥬ ᠬ: 㧪
ࠩ஢  ७, ࠢ 䨣樥,  ᥩ 
 ⨯  ⨨  ,   .
  IDAPI ন   ࠩ஢. ࠩ,  
  SQL ( . ࠩ SQL InterBase, ࠩ SQL Oracle  .)
 㣨,  ⮣   (  BDE  ࠩ Paradox, dBase
 ⥪⮢ ࠩ). 㣨 騥   ᫥ ⥣
 ࠩ B-Trieve, ࠩ  IBM VSAM 䠩.
   ࠡ稪 ᮢ (query engine) ন  ࠧ
몠 ᮢ: SQL  QBE. SQL -   ᮢ, ᮮ⢥騩
஬諥 ⠭,   ६  QBE ᮮ⢥  ᮢ,
ਥ஢  짮⥫ - ਧ  ᢮ ६ ࠤᮬ.
 ࠡ稪 ᮢ ࠢ ᠬ  -SQL ࠩ஢ ⨯
ࠤᮢ᪮  dBase ,  譥 㡫஢. ᪮
ࠡ稪 ᮢ ஥  ᭮ 饩  IDAPI ୮ ࠪ樨,
  ஢ ﬨ (joins)  ࠧ묨 ,  ⠪ ந
१騥 ⢠  쭮 ଠ    㯭 ࠩ஢.
  ⥪ IDAPI ন ॡ 㭠த 뭪  몮
ࠩ.  IDAPI-ࠩ,  ⠪ 騥 ஢騪  ࠡ稪
ᮢ, ஥  ᯮ짮 몮 ࠩ஢. BDE ᭠饭 
祬 50 몮묨 ࠩࠬ (   ᫮ 室 設⢮ 몮, ᭮
 ⨭᪮ ).  ࠧ, ਫ, ஥   IDAPI,
⮬᪨ ⠭ 㭠த묨 -  ࠩ ,  窨 ७ 
 -     㤭襩   ୠ樮樨
ᥩ ⥬.
  ⥪ IDAPI  ஥ ⥬ ஬  ந⥫쭮.
IDAPI   ⥫쭮 ९뢠 ,  ᫥⥫쭮 
 室 ᪮ 㯠   . ஬ ⮣, ७
⮢ ⠭ 뢠,  BDE  襩 ந⥫쭮
।  㬥⮢ 㯠 (database engines)  ଠ⠬ 䠩 Paradox
 dBase.

   BDE  Express Link to InterBase 4.0

  InterBase -   ஬諥 SQL-ࢥ  Borland. ਡ-
⥫쭮 १   ᪠  InterBase 4.0.  
 Unix-,  㤥 㯭    NT  NetWare. Interbase 4.0
㤥 ন  ࢥ୮ ஭  㭨 ᮡ 
⮣, ⮡ ᤥ 樮 室 IDAPI ᨬ쭮 䥪⨢.
   প 㭠ࠢ ஢ (bidirectional cursors) ,
஢  ࠢ ,  ᯮ짮 ᮢ,   . -
  ন  ஢ ࢥ.
   㭨  InterBase 4.0   㯭, ᫨ ࠡ
१  SQL API. C   ࠡ ⮫쪮 १ ஢
䥩,  뢠 BLR. ࠡ稪 IDAPI ।⠢ ᯥ樠-
 ࠩ  Interbase 4.0,  ᯮ २⢠ 
㭨 ᮡ⥩ ࢥ.  ࠩ 뢠 Express Link. 
窨 ७ BDE   ᥡ  몭 SQL-ࠩ.  
 室 㫨஢ 樮 ᢮⢠ IDAPI  孥
஢, ⮬ ந⥫쭮 樮 㯠 ⢥
⠥. ஬ ⮣,   ন SQL,    㣮 SQL-
ࠩ. Express Link  ࠪਧ  ਤ ࠩ,
騩 訥 ࠪ⨪  ISAM-ࠩ, ⠪  SQL-ࠩ.

   BDE/IDAPI. ᬮਬ .

  IDAPI ।⠢ ஥ ⢮ ⥫쭮
ࢨ.   ᨬ쭮 ᯮ짮 ⠭ 
楤  ᤥ  ⥬ 쭮   ७ᨬ. ᯮ
 ࢨ,  ந IDAPI-ࠩ  祬  㣨. (
騩  ᮡ⢥ ࠧࠡ稪 IDAPI ந ᥬ ࠩ஢.
 ⮣ ࢨ  ॡ   - ࠧ  ୮
㤠.)  ࢨ 뢠 .

  ࢨ 

 ,    樮 ⥬  , 室 .
 -뢮, ⥢   ࠢ   ஢ 
뤥   .  ⠫쭮  ⥬ 㦥     
 , ᫥⥫쭮,  㥬.

   

   ।⠢ ⥫ ࢨ  ࠢ , 
⮬ ० ந室 饭  ⥬  .  ⫠筮
०   砥,   ࠧ蠥  ⪨ ࠧ 
ᯮ짮 .

   

 設⢮ ᮪ந⥫   ᢮ ࠬ
. ⥬ ࠢ 㠫쭮     奬 ஢
᪠     㤮⢮ ॡ ࠩ஢ .
 IDAPI ।⠢  , ᭮  ᯮ짮
ਮ⮢.  ࠩ IDAPI  २⢠ ⮣ ࢨ.
஬ ⮣,  IDAPI  ஥ ⠪,  , ਭ騥 ࠧ
ࠩࠬ,  ⢮    ⮬  㫥 .

  ஢騪

  騩 ࢨ  IDAPI -  ᪮⭮ ஢騪. ஢騪
⮬᪨ 롨ࠥ ⨬쭮 ᯮ짮 㯭 ; ॢ頥
஢  ஢ ᫨ﭨ, ᫨   墠⠥. ஢騪 ⠪
㯥  ⢥ 㭪樨  IDAPI. ஢騪 ᯮ ⠪ ᮡ
몮 ࠩ ( ⭮, 奬 㯮冷稢)  ⮣, ⮡ ࠡ
 ࠧ묨 ࠬ . ࠤᮢ᪨  ᪨ ࠩ १
BDE ᯮ  ஢騪.

      ꥪ⮢ (BLOb)

 BLOb'    ந쭮  訬.   ⮣, ⮡  ࠡ BLOb
(ᮡ  -ࢥ୮ ।) ணࠬ  ᭠砫  ᪮஢
BLOb    䠩    ᯮ짮  ᢮ ᮡ⢥ -奬. ⮡ ᤥ
  BLOb ᨬ쭮 䥪⨢, IDAPI ।⠢ 騩 ࢨ  
஢. ࠩ IDAPI ᯮ  ⮣ ࢨ.   ⫨稥
 㣨 API, IDAPI  ந ⥭/ ந쭮 
   BLOb'.  ९   ⢫   ⮬᪠   
  BLOb'    ࠧ塞   䠩.           ६
   ⢮ BLOb'.

  ࠡ稪 ᮢ (Query engine)

 騩 ࠡ稪 ᮢ ন SQL  QBE  ⢥ ୠ⨢
몮 ᮢ.  ஥  ᯮ짮 ࠪ樨 ஢, ।
ࠩࠬ IDAPI. ⮬ ࠡ稪 ᮢ ࠡ⠥   筨
   ⢥ ஢ 樨 ६  ࠧ묨 .
 ⮣ ᫥,  १    ᠭ  ଠ Paradox
 dBase,  ।⠢  १ १饥 ⢮ ஢.
᫨     믮  ࢥ,  ࠧ 믮 
ࢥ (᫨   QBE-,  砫 ࠭᫨  SQL-).
 १ 믮   ⠪  ⠪ 뢠
Live Answer set -   १騩   ୨㥬 .
 Live Answer set ᫥  饭   , 祬 ᫨
    १ 襭 㣨 ࠭権, 
⮬᪨      ᢥ. ࠡ稪 ᮢ ᠭ
 ᯮ짮 몮 ࠩ஢  ⮣, ⮡ ন 樮-
 ᮡ.

  SQL 

 騩 ࠡ稪 ᮢ ন QBE  ⢥ ୠ⨢
몠 ᮢ.   ࠡ뢠  SQL ࢥ, ࠡ稪
QBE ࠭᫨    SQL- (᫨ ). 
⮣, ⮡  , । ⠪ ,   ,
᭮  SQL-.  SQL-ࠩ ।⠢ ᢮
ᮡ⢥  (ਬ, ন   譨 joins),
⮡ ࠢ ⨬ 㫥.

  ஢

  BDE ন ࢨ  ஢.( 饥 ६ -
  ࠩ஬ Paradox, ⠪  ࠩ஬ dBase).  ন
᫮   ⠡,  ⮬ ᫥   ,
㤠 ,   ,  ᢮  (⨯, ࠧ 
..),  뫮筮 楫⭮ ⠡  ..   ᮧ
ᮮ⢥騥  ⠡, ࠭ନ     
 ⠡.   ⠡   ᫮ 뫮筮
楫⭮,      ᮧ ⠡ ᥩ, 
 㤮⢮  ᫮ 뫮筮 楫⭮.

  㭪樨 ⭮ ࠡ⪨

  BDE ন  ᭮ 㭪樨 ⭮ ࠡ⪨. 
  ᥡ ஢    ଠ  㣮, २
⠡  .

  ࢨ Xlate

   設⢮ 㭪権  ⥩ IDAPI 믮 樨 
ࠧ묨 , ᠭ ࢨ   ᭮ ८ࠧ .
    ࠢ ଠ⮢ ,  Xlate 室
 ⨬쭮 ८ࠧ.    ⮬, 
 ࠩ ᯮ 㭪樨  ॢ    ᮮ⢥饣
ଠ  ਭ  IDAPI ᪨ ଠ .  㭪樨
⭮ ࠡ⪨, ࠡ稪 ᮢ   ஢ ᯮ-
  ࢨ .

  易 

 IDAPI ন 楯 易 ஢  ⮣, ⮡ ঠ
⢮ ᨬ⥩ "  "   ⠡栬.  
 IDAPI  ७ ꥪ⠬, 易  ॠ
  ᭮  ⮤.  ⮬  ᯥ᪨
饭   ࠩࠬ. ।, , 㪠뢠騩  "",
易  ஬  ⠡ "稪".  ⮫쪮  ⠭, 
"" ⮬᪨ 뢮  "稪", ᮧ ⨢稢
⢮ ᥩ ⮫쪮   ,  ਭ ᮮ⢥饬
稪. ࠡ稪  業 २⢠ 易 ஢, 
᫮訥 ⠡ ਫ    ணࠬ᪨
ᨫ.

     (In-Memory Tables)

   ।⠢ ᪮ 㠫 , ਥ஢
 ⠡.  ন  ਫ,    㣨 
IDAPI. ਬ, 設⢮ schema inquiry 㭪権, 訢 
,   ,       .
C஢ ᯮ     ஬筮 ⭮ ࠡ⪨.
SQL-ࠩ ᯮ     쭮 ஢ .
    ᭮ 易  ࠡ⮩   -   
 쬠 䥪⨢묨.
  ⠪ 㯥  ࠧࠡ稪.

  M প SQL-ࠩ஢

  SQL-ࠩ,  IDAPTOR, ஥   ⮣ . 
ࢨ   80% ᯥ稢 ஥ SQL-ࠩ.   
  SQL-ࠩ ⮫쪮 20 業⮢  室 ९뢠.
    ⥩: 㫨,  "뢠" 樮
API  SQL, 쭮 ஢ ᥩ, 㭪樨, 訢騥 
, ࠢ BLOb  ᪮ ...  প SQL-ࠩ஢,
 ᢮ । ஥  ᯮ짮 㣨 㫥 IDAPI, ਬ,
ࢨ     .

 

   ,  .  ᮮ饭    訡,  室    ⤥쭮 dll.
ਫ   ॣ஢ ᢮    砫 ࠡ   
ᯮ짮   㬮砭 ,  㪠   䨣樮 䠩 IDAPI.
IDAPI  ६ ন ⢮ ᮢ -     
祭    ࠭.

  몮 ࠩ

 IDAPI ⢫ 樮 প  㭠த 뭪. 
,  奬 㯮冷稢 (ᯮᮡ ஢  . 䠢), ࠢ
ᯮ짮  㪢, OEM/ANSI ८ࠧ, ᮤঠ  
몮 ࠩ.  IDAPI-ࠩ   ࢨ IDAPI-㫨 ᠭ
⠪, ⮡ ন 몮 ࠩ.  ࠧ,  IDAPI-।
ࠧ  ࠡ⠥  樮묨 ᮡﬨ   ॡ ண饩
樨.

  䨣樮 

 䨣樮  ⠭ 䨣樮 ଠ IDAPI.
 ⮢ 㧪  ⠥ 䨣樮 䠩  ⮣, ⮡
ॣ㫨஢ ࠬ ।.  ࠩ  ᥢ ॣ஢ 
䨣樮 䠩. 㫨஢ 䨣樥 ⥬ ⢫
 ⢮ API.    ⥬ ஢ ஥ (.
⠪  ଠ )  IDAPI-ࠩ  ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ன
(ਬ 몮 ࠩ, ᯮ㥬  㬮砭).

  ⥬ 

   ⥬ ஢ ࠢ ⥬ ஬.  ⢥砥
 㧪 ࠩ஢, ᫨  ॡ, ᫥  
 ஢, ᫥ ⥪  ਫ  ..  ᪮
ਫ 稢 ࠡ, ⥬  頥  ,
࠭ ॡ ⮬.


  楯樨 IDAPI

    窥 ७  IDAPI    ᢮  ࠪ⨪
  ७ 楯樨, 騥  ᭮ IDAPI.  
 楯権 뫨 ᭥,   㦤 ࠧ ᮡ
⥬.   ᮡ६  㬬㥬 ᪠, ⮡  楯樨
᭨. ⨬,  設⢮  ⮣,  㤥 ᠭ ,
।⠢  ᥡ ᮡ⢥ ꥪ.

  ⥬

   ꥪ, ⠭騩 ﭨ ⥬. ⥬ 樠-
  ⠭ 䨣樨.  ⥬ ꥪ ⨢, 
    ॣ஢ ⮢ ( ਫ). 
 ⠪  ᪮쪮 㦥 ࠩ஢     .

  /ਫ

    ਫ,   뢠 㭪 IDAPI "Init",
ॣ  ⢥  ⥬.      
 ⨢ ᨩ.   ॣ஢, ⮬᪨ 
  㬮砭 -  ⠥ ⨢   ,   㤥 맢
㭪 IDAPI "Exit".     㤥 ᬥ訢 ନ  
ਫ.

  ᨨ

 ,   ⮬, ந室  ⥪ ᨨ. 
  ⢮ ᨩ. 窨 ७  , 
 룫廊    ⤥ 짮⥫.  ਬ,  
஢   ᨨ 䫨  ஢, ⠭
㣮 ᨥ   ⮬ 砥,   ᨨ ਭ  
⮬  . ᨨ -  ᯮᮡ  ஢  ⢨
    㣮. । ⥬,  ⢨   㤥 믮
 祭  ᨨ,   砫     .
  ६   ⢮  .  
  ஥ ᨬ  ⭮襭 ⠪ 饩,  Call-back-
㭪樨, 모  ᮮ饭  訡, ଠ   ..

     ᥢ

     "⠭⭮"    ⢨⥫쭮 ࢥ୮
 . ⠭  ন 祭  ᯮ ⠫-
䠩 ⥬  ⠪ ࠧ  ⥪ ४, 易 
. ᥢ -  堭 䨪樨  १ , ਬ 
த "mydb".  ᭮ २⢮ ᯮ짮 ᥢ ⮨
 ⮬,     宦 . ᥢ  
ॣ஢  ⥬ 䨣樮 䠩.  ਫ
뢠   ।⢮ ᥢ, IDAPI 㤥 ᯮ짮
ଠ, ਪ९  ᥢ, ⮡  ᮮ⢥
䨧   -    ⢨⥫쭮 ࢥୠ  
  ४ਨ.    ⨢묨    ஢.

  

  -  ᭮ ।⢮   㯠   IDAPI. 
ꥪ ஦ ᢮     ᯮᮡ:
  1. 믮 "Open Table"
  2. 믮 SQL  QBE ,  १ ண 頥
   १饥 ⢮
  3. 믮 㭪樨     㭪樨 
   ⥩ 
  祭,  ᯮ   ᠬ ⢮ API  IDAPI.
  ࠪ⨪  -   ⥪ .
    ᠭ  ᢮⢠    ॡ
  ࠧ  㭪権.  樨  ஬
   믮  ᨫ - ᢮ .  ਬ,
᫨   read-only ஬,  樨 䨪樨 
  訡. 易   ᮮ⢥騬
ࠧ ஥묨  ࠬ -  㦥 ⠫쭮 﫮 .

     묨 ꥪ⠬  IDAPI.  ᯥ稢
堭 㭨䨪樨 樮  SQL -㯠  IDAPI.

  

  ⮢ SQL  QBE-, ᮧ ꥪ-"". 筮 ⠪ ,
   㣮 ꥪ, ꥪ-   ᢮.  ਬ,
  ⠭ ᢮⢮ " ⢥" ("Live answer"). ᫨
ᮮ⢥騥 ᢮⢠ ⠭,    믮,  ⮬
  饭  (᫨  頥 १饥 ⢮).
 㦥 㯮,      SQL,   QBE-몥.

  

  -  饭 堭 ࠭ ⥪饩 樨 .
᫨  ⠭  -  ( ⮬ ᫥ BOF  EOF),
  祭 ,   (, ᫥   㣨
)    ⠭ ⭮  , 㪠
.    ᯮ  ࠭⢥ ਫ, 
 ⠭  ⢮ .


  ODBC  IDAPTER
  --------------

   Borland ⤠ ᥡ   ⮬,  ᥣ 㯭 㦥
⢮ ODBC-ࠩ஢.        ࠪ᪮
業  Borland ந ࠩ   筨 .
C ᯮ짮 IDAPTER BDE ।   砩襬 ᯥ
筨 . 묨 ᫮, IDAPI ॢ頥  ODBC-ࠩ
 IDAPI-ࠩ - ।⠢ ⠪ ࠧ ⥫쭮 襥
⢮ 筨 , 㯭 IDAPI-ਫ.   
Borland த ᢮ ࠡ  ஥ "த" IDAPI-ࠩ஢.

  IDAPTER  ࠧࠡ⠭  ᭮ ⮣  ࢨ᭮  
஥ SQL-ࠩ஢,  ᯮ  ஥ "த"
IDAPI-ࠩ஢.  ᨫ ⮣  砥  ⮨⢠ IDAPI -
 ⭮,  樮 .  ⮣, ⮡ 
  ⥩ IDAPI  ᯮ짮 ODBC- 筨
, ODBC-ࠩ    ࠩ  ஢ 1  .
IDAPI 㤥 ⠪ ࠡ  ODBC-ࠩࠬ  ஢  -
   㬥襭묨 ﬨ.

  ᠥ  ஬諥 ⠭⮢,   ⠢騪 
  ন API, ᭮  X-OPEN CLI, Borland 㤥
⠢ CLI-ࠩ,   ⢮  ᥬ ,
ন騬 CLI.

    IDAPI  ࠢ  ODBC

  樮  IDAPI   ࠧࠡ稪
業 २⢠, ⠪  IDAPI ⠢ 㬥਩, ⢥
騩 ࠧࠡ ਫ.   㤥 뢠  樮
᢮⢠,  ஡ 뫨 㦤 ࠭. IDAPTER   㯭묨
  ODBC-ࠩ஢.

 ᯮ IDAPI, ࠧࠡ稪  ᫥騥 २⢠  ࠢ
 ODBC:
 -  樮  IDAPI-஢, ⠪  㭠ࠢ
   , ⮬᪮ 쭮 ஢ ,   .
 -   ६ ࠡ  ᪮쪨 , ⠪ 
     (joins)  , 易 , 㭪樨 ⭮ ࠡ⪨,
     ।  १ 
 - 롮  QBE  SQL  ⢥ 몠 ᮢ  筨 
   ODBC ⠪
 - ୨㥬   ᯮ짮 饭 堭 IDAPI,
   饣  SQL  QBE
 - প 樮 ᮡ⥩  室 ஢
   ਫ
 -  ᮡ ISAM   ⨯ dBase  Paradox, 
   㯭 १ SQL

 IDAPI   ᯮ짮 ࠧ  筨  ⨯
ISAM/VSAM  ९뢠   ଠ, 㯭   SQL. 
 ⠪  ந    ⮫쪮 SQL-ᮢ,
 ⥫쭮 㬥蠫   ୨樨 ⠪ .
IDAPI-ࠩ, ᠭ   ⨯ ,  ᯮ짮
⠪ 筨  ࠧ . IDAPI  㭨 
㯠  筨 ,  묨   㦭 ࠡ १ SQL,
᫨    .
 㭤⠫쭠 ࠧ  ODBC  IDAPI ⮨  ⮬,  ODBC ।-
  ࠡ ⮫쪮 १ SQL,   ६  IDAPI । 㭨-
஢   樮  SQL-室. ⨬, 
筮 BDE த  뭪 ணࠬ ।  . 
ᥣ  BDE/IDAPI 室 ⠪ 뢠 Jet Engine  Microsoft.
  묨 ﬨ IDAPI.  饥 ६  
 ᮡ⢥ த⮢ Microsoft ⨯ Access. ᪮  ।⠢
 ᥡ ன  ODBC, ᭮,   API  ন 
㤥   㯥      ࠧࠡ稪.

    २⢠ ᯮ짮 BDE SDK  ࠧࠡ⪥.

  ࠧࠡ稪 ਫ BDE/IDAPI 뢠  ᯥ⨢ 
। २⢠,  ࠢ    㣨 㬥ਥ,
㯭  뭪 ணࠬ ।.    २
ਢ :

  - ᮪ந⥫   䠩 Paradox  dBase.  㭨
    ᮡ  ଠ⮢ 央㯭 १ API (ᯮ,  
    Paradox for Windows  dBase for Windows ᢮    ⢫
    १ IDAPI.  ⥯     ९뢠 䠩, 
    ଠ,    - ⨩ 㬥਩, 
     ,      100% ᮢ⨬.

  - ॢ   ⥣樨 . প ᮢ
    ६  ᪮쪨   ࠧ묨 ଠ⠬ , 㭪樨
    ⭮ ࠡ⪨  ।     , 祭
    १⮢    ଠ -  ⨬ ﬨ  ᬮ
      ࠡ      BDE.

  - 樮 ᮡ IDAPI   ࠧࠡ뢠
    ࠪ⨢ ਫ. (設⢮  ᮡ⥩ 뫨
    ᮧ  ﭨ ॡ  ࠧࠡ⪥ ࠪ⨢ ਫ
      ⠪ 㬥⮢,  Paradox for Windows).  
    㯭 ⥯  ࠧࠡ稪.

  - ᥢ ।⠢ ஧筮 㯠   ᨬ 
     ⮭宦.      ࢥ  ⠪  ,
       .

  -   㦤   祭 SQL. ᫨   㦥 ࠧࠡ⠭
    ਫ,   ᯮ짮 ISAM-⮤ 㯠  ,  
    ७   ⥪ -ࢥ   BDE  ⢥
    ९஥஢. BDE 뢠  訬 ࠧࠡ⪠  室 
    /ࢥ , 祣    㣮 㬥.

  -  ,  " ⢥" (live answer)  SQL  QBE-ᮢ
     ᯮ짮 樮 ᮡ  ᫨ 
    ᯮ ⮫쪮 SQL  QBE.

  - IDAPTER । 짮⥫ 砩訩 롮 筨 .

  - 㭪樨 ࠡ⪨ ᮡ⨩ (call-back functions)  
    ࠧࠡ稪 ᯮ짮 २⢠ ᨭ஭ ࠡ⪨ ᮡ⨩.
     ਬ, ॣ ᮮ⢥ 㭪  讣 ,
     ਫ  뢠, ᪮쪮 த 
    ࠡ⪨ ⮣ .   쬠 । ।⠢
    㣨 㬥ਥ.

  -  ᮢ⨬  ਫ  ଠ⠬ 䠩 Paradox 
    dBase. ᫨   ᮡ     ଠ, 
    ⠪    .

  -  㬥  㯠   ࠭  ᮭ
    ஢ ଠ⠬    ଠ⠬  SQL - ࢥ஢ (
      㣨 筨   饬) -   ६  
    ᯮ짮 㭨 ᮡ  ⠪ 筨.

  -  㬥  設⢠  樮 뭪 (⥪ 
     ন ⮫쪮 16-⮢ ᨬ).  ࠩ,  
    㦭,   SDK.

  ⭮  IDAPI ᮧ  ᭮  ﭨ 㦤 Paradox for
Windows  dBase for Windows.   ,  IDAPI 筮
  䥪⨢  ⮣, ⮡ ஢ ࠧࠡ   ⨯
ਫ.

     1.2.  ?

  Borland Database Engine (BDE) ᨨ 1.2 ⮨  ᫥ ࠩ஢
 :
( ࠧ ⠢  ஢  .)

 㯭 ࠩ:

  Paradox
  dBase
  Ascii text
  Interbase SQL
  Interbase Expresslink
  Oracle SQL
  Sybase/MS SQL
  Informix SQL
  IDAPTER   ODBC

 ᭮ ᮡ:

  ࠡ稪 ᮢ SQL  QBE
    প " ⢥" (live answer)
  樨 ࠧ  ᪮쪨  ⠬   室
  প ᪢ SQL-ᮢ
  易 , 騥 ਫ,
    ࠡ騥  ⭮襭ﬨ "  "
  㭪樨 ⭮ ࠡ⪨  饭 ஢ 
  ࠢ 䨣樥  API
  ࠩ 樮 몮


    ࠢ ࠧ

 ਬ砭:    ⮫쪮  ⮣, ⮡ ନ஢
짮⥫ IDAPI-孮  ⥪  Borland c ⥬, ⮡
 뫮 ਭ ࠢ 襭.    ᠭ 
ᮡ⥩  砥  ⥪ ⠢ BDE.

   Chicago Windows ⥫쭮 ⠭ 樮 ⥬
筮 ᨫ쭮  ஬諥 ਬ.   
쥧 ਫ (  த⢨ ।)  
ࠡ  ⮩ ।. 設⢮ ⠪ ਫ ⠪   ᯮ
 .

 Borland ᮢ   Paradox  dBase    
 ⥩. 筮 ⠪ ,  Chicago ࠭ ஬ 樨,
 ᤥ  ਫ  DOS  Windows 3., BDE ࠭ 樨
 짮⥫, ᤥ  ਫ   Paradox  dBase,  ⮬
  । 樮 襭  ꥤ  २. 
    ᫥饥:
  -  32-ࠧ來 
  - ࠭樨  ࠩ஢ Paradox  dBase
  - 㬥਩, ন騩 ⠭ SQL-92
  - ⥣஢ ᫮ 
  -  ࠩ஢  ࠧ 筨 
  - ࢥୠ  IDAPI   NT  NetWare


      뢮
      ------

 Borland Database Engine -  㭨 த, ।騩 㬥਩
ࠡ  , 㤮⢮騩   ⨯ ਫ. 㬥⮬,
騬   ந १砩 ᫮ ਫ, 
 䠪,  Paradox for Windows  dBase for Windows   BDE. 
 ᠬ 㬥 ⥯ 㯥   ࠧࠡ稪 ਫ.

   ISAM-㯠  魮 SQL-㯠   ୮
, BDE ⠭ ⮬ १ ய, ࠧ   . -
ࠡ뢠   ⮥ ਫ  Paradox/dBase,  ᫮襥
-ࢥ୮ ਫ, BDE   ,  ॡ. 
樮  BDE  ࠧࠡ ࠪ⨢ ਫ 
 , 祬 ᫨ ᯮ짮  㣮 㬥.
