           ⪨ ࠢ筨 楤  㭪権 ਮ

                                  - 1 -

1. .....................................................7

2. ଠ ணࠬ  ஢.................................7
2.1. ଠ ஢..........................................7
2.2. ⪨ ஢...........................................7
2.3. ppp ᫮....................................7
2.4. 樠 ᨬ........................................7
2.5. ࠭᫨஢ ணࠬ  몥 CLARION..................8
2.6. pp PROGRAM...........................................9
2.7. pp MEMBER............................................9
2.8. pp MAP..............................................9
2.9. pp PROC..............................................9
2.10. pp FUNC............................................10
2.11. pp MODULE.........................................10
2.12. p BINARY...........................................10
2.13. pp AREA...........................................10
2.14. pp OVERLAY........................................11
2.15. pp PROCEDURE.......................................11
2.16. pp FUNCTION........................................11
2.17. pp pp PROCEDURE  FUNCTION................12
2.18. pp CODE............................................12
2.19. pp ROUTINE.........................................12
2.20. p⨢ TITLE..........................................12
2.21. p⨢ SUBTITLE.......................................13
2.22. p⨢ EJECT..........................................13
2.23. p⨢ OMIT...........................................13
2.24. p⨢ SOURCE.........................................13
2.25. p⨢ INCLUDE........................................13

3. ᠭ ६.........................................14
3.1.  BYTE.............................................14
3.2.  SHORT............................................14
3.3.  LONG.............................................14
3.4.  REAL.............................................14
3.5.  DECIMAL..........................................15
3.6.  STRING...........................................15
3.7.  ࠦ.......................................15
3.8. ᫮ ࠦ  ࠦ  ........15
3.9. ࠦ ᯮ樠쭮 ଠ.....................17
3.10. ࠦ .........................................17
3.11. ࠦ ६......................................18
3.12. ଠ஢ ࠦ..............................18
3.13. ப ࠦ....................................19
3.14.  EXTERNAL........................................19
3.15. ਡ  EXTERNAL..............................19
3.16.  GROUP..........................................19
3.17.  ६.......................................19
3.18. ਡ PRE..............................................20
3.19. ਡ OVER.............................................20
3.20. ਡ DIM..............................................21
3.21. ᨢ  ⢥ ࠬ஢ 楤  㭪権.........21
3.22. ४⨢ EQUATE.........................................21
3.23. ४⨢ SIZE...........................................21



                                  - 2 -

4. p...................................................23
4.1. 㭪樨...................................................23
4.2. ᫮ ⠭........................................23
4.3.  ᫮ 権...................................23
4.4. ᫮ ࠦ........................................24
4.5. ப ⠭.......................................24
4.6. 業 ᫮  ப ࠦ.....................24
4.7.  ꥤ......................................25
4.8. ப ࠦ.......................................25
4.9. ᪨ 樨  ࠦ...........................25

5.  ᢠ......................................25
5.1.  ᢠ.....................................26
5.2. 樮  ᢠ.......................25
5.3.  CLEAR............................................25
5.4. ࠢ ८ࠧ .............................25

6.  ࠢ........................................29
6.1.  맮 楤.................................29
6.2.  GOTO.............................................29
6.3.  DO...............................................29
6.4.  EXIT.............................................29
6.5.  IF..............................................29
6.6.  CASE............................................30
6.7.  EXECUTE.........................................30
6.8.  LOOP............................................31
6.9.  CYCLE............................................32
6.10.  BREAK...........................................32
6.11.  RETURN..........................................32
6.12.  RESTART.........................................32
6.13.  STOP............................................33
6.14.  CALL............................................33
6.15.  CHAIN...........................................34
6.16.  RUN.............................................34

7.   p  p..............................35
7.1. pp SHOW.............................................35
7.2. pp LOOK.............................................35
7.3. pp BLANK............................................35
7.4. pp SCROLL...........................................36
7.5. pp ASK..............................................36
7.6. pp ALERT............................................37
7.7. pp ALIAS............................................37
7.8. pp HELP.............................................38
7.9. pp IDLE.............................................39
7.10. pp SETCURCOR.......................................39
7.11. pp TYPE............................................39
7.12. pp SETHUE..........................................39
7.13. pp BLINK...........................................39
7.14. pp ENHANC.........................................40
7.15. pp REVERSE.........................................40
7.16. pp NORMAL..........................................40
7.17. pp COLOR...........................................40
7.18.  p⮢......................................41
7.19. pp PALETTE.........................................41


                                  - 3 -

7.20. 㭪 REFER............................................42
7.21. 㭪 KEYCODE..........................................42
7.22. 㭪 KEYBOARD.........................................42
7.23. 㭪 FOREHUE..........................................42
7.24. 㭪 BACKAHUE.........................................42

8. p⪠ p...........................................44
8.1. pp SCREEN...........................................44
8.2. p WINDOW............................................44
8.3. p ................................................45
8.4. 樮 p......................................44
8.5. 樮 p ROW...................................44
8.6. 樮 p COL(⮫)..........................46
8.7. pp STRING...........................................46
8.8. pp PAINT............................................46
8.9. pp ENTRY............................................47
8.10. p LFT..............................................47
8.11. p UPR..............................................47
8.12. p OVR..............................................47
8.13. p INS..............................................48
8.14. p NUM..............................................48
8.15. pp ............................................48
8.16. pp MENU............................................48
8.17. pp PAUSE...........................................49
8.18. p USE..............................................50
8.19. p REQ..............................................50
8.20. p ESC..............................................50
8.21. p DESC.............................................51
8.22. p HLP..............................................51
8.23. p IMM..............................................51
8.24. p KEY..............................................51
8.25. p HUE..............................................52
8.26. p BLK..............................................52
8.27. p ENH..............................................52
8.28. p REV..............................................52
8.29. p SEL..............................................52
8.30. p TRN..............................................52
8.31. p REPEAT...........................................52
8.32. p EVERY............................................53
8.33. p INDEX............................................53
8.34. pp POINT...........................................54
8.35. pp OPEN............................................55
8.36. pp CLOSE...........................................55
8.37. pp  ⪨...................................55
8.38. pp DISPLAY.........................................56
8.39. pp UPDATE..........................................56
8.40. pp ERASE...........................................57
8.41. pp SELECT..........................................57
8.42. pp ..........................................58
8.43. 㭪 ROW..............................................58
8.44. 㭪 COL..............................................58
8.45. 㭪 FIELD............................................59
8.46. 㭪 CONTENTS.........................................59
8.47. 㭪 ROWS.............................................59
8.48. 㭪 COLS(⮫)....................................60


                                  - 4 -

8.49. 㭪 FIELDS...........................................60
8.50. 㭪 CHOICE().........................................60
8.51.    .......................................60
8.52. p ...........................................61
8.53. ᫮ ............................................62
8.54.  MENU  POINT........................................63
8.55. 饭 pp p...............................64

9. p⪠ ⮢...........................................65
9.1. pp REPORT...........................................65
9.2. p WIDTH.............................................65
9.3. p LENGTH............................................66
9.4. p PAGE..............................................66
9.5. p LINE..............................................66
9.6. p DEVICE............................................67
9.7.  p DOS.......................................67
9.8. 樮 p......................................67
9.9. 樮 p ROW...................................68
9.10. 樮 p OL..................................68
9.11. 樮 p CTL..................................69
9.12. p騥 ᨬ  ...........................69
9.13. pp HEADER.........................................70
9.14. Cpp FOOTER.........................................70
9.15. pp DETAIL.........................................70
9.16. pp STRING..........................................70
9.17. pp CONTROL.........................................71
9.18. p USE..............................................71
9.19. pp OPEN............................................71
9.20. pp CLOSE...........................................72
9.21. pp PRINT...........................................71
9.22. 㭪 NAME.............................................73
9.23. 訡 ⮢...........................................73

10. p⪠ 䠩 DOS.......................................74
10.1. p  DOS...................................74
10.2. pp DOS.............................................74
10.3. p NAME.............................................74
10.4. p ASCII............................................75
10.5. p COMMA............................................75
10.6. pp RECORD.........................................75
10.7. pp COPY............................................76
10.8. pp RENAME..........................................76
10.9. pp REMOVE..........................................76
10.10. pp SETPATH........................................77
10.11. pp CREATE.........................................77
10.12. pp EMPTY..........................................77
10.13. pp OPEN...........................................77
10.14. pp CLOSE..........................................77
10.15. pp FLUSH..........................................78
10.16. pp SET............................................78
10.17. pp NEXT...........................................78
10.18. pp GET............................................79
10.19. pp PUT............................................80
10.20. pp ADD............................................80
10.21. 㭪 EOF( 䠩)................................81


                                  - 5 -

10.22. 㭪 POINTER.........................................81
10.23. 㭪 BYTES...........................................81
10.24. 㭪 NAME............................................81
10.25. 㭪 PATH............................................82
10.26. 訡  DOS.......................................82

12. p⪠  ....................................83
12.1. pp TABLE..........................................83
12.2. pp GET.............................................83
12.3. pp PUT.............................................84
12.4. pp DELETE..........................................84
12.5. pp ADD.............................................84
12.6. pp SORT............................................85
12.7. pp FREE............................................85
12.8. 㭪 POINTER..........................................85
12.9. 㭪 RECORDS..........................................86
12.10. 訡  ....................................86

13. 㭪樨 몠 Clarion......................................87
13.1. ⥬᪨ 㭪樨...................................87
13.1.1. 㭪 S............................................87
13.1.2. 㭪 INRANGE........................................87
13.1.3. 㭪 INT............................................87
13.1.4. 㭪 LOGE...........................................87
13.1.5. 㭪 LOG10..........................................88
13.1.6. 㭪 RANDOM.........................................88
13.1.7. 㭪 ROUND..........................................88
13.1.8. 㭪 SQRT...........................................88
13.2. pp᪨ 㭪樨...............................88
13.2.1. 㭪 SIN............................................89
13.2.2. 㭪 COS............................................89
13.2.3. 㭪 TAN............................................89
13.2.4. 㭪 ASIN...........................................89
13.2.5. 㭪 ACOS...........................................89
13.2.6. 㭪 AAN...........................................90
13.3. Cp 㭪樨........................................90
13.3.1. 㭪 ALL............................................90
13.3.2. 㭪 CENTER.........................................90
13.3.3. 㭪 CHR............................................90
13.3.4. 㭪 CLIP...........................................91
13.3.5. 㭪 DEFORMAT.......................................91
13.3.6. 㭪 FORMAT.........................................91
13.3.7. 㭪 INSNRING.......................................91
13.3.8. 㭪 LEFT...........................................92
13.3.9. 㭪 LEN............................................92
13.3.10. 㭪 LOWER.........................................92
13.3.11. 㭪 NUMERIC.......................................92
13.3.12. 㭪 RIGHT.........................................93
13.3.13. 㭪 SUB...........................................93
13.3.14. 㭪 UPPER.........................................93
13.3.15. 㭪 VAL...........................................93
13.4. 㭪樨 権  ⠬.............................94
13.4.1. 㭪 BAND...........................................94
13.4.2. 㭪 BOR............................................94
13.4.3. 㭪 BXOR...........................................94


                                  - 6 -

13.4.4. 㭪 BSHIFT.........................................95
13.5. pp  㭪樨   p.......................95
13.5.1. pp SETTODAY......................................95
13.5.2. 㭪 TODAY..........................................95
13.5.3. pp SETCLOCK......................................96
13.5.4. 㭪 CLOCK..........................................96
13.5.5. 㭪 DATE...........................................96
13.5.6. 㭪 DAY............................................96
13.5.7. 㭪 MONTH..........................................97
13.5.8. 㭪 YEAR...........................................97
13.5.9. 㭪 AGE............................................97
13.6. p㣨 pp  㭪樨...............................98
13.6.1. pp BEEP..........................................98
13.6.2. pp IN............................................98
13.6.3. 㭪 MAXIMUM........................................98
13.6.4. 㭪 MEMORY.........................................98
13.6.5. 㭪 OMITTED........................................99
13.6.6. pp OUT...........................................99
13.6.7. pp PEEK..........................................99
13.6.8. pp POKE..........................................99
13.6.9. 㭪 RUNCODE.......................................100


                                  - 7 -

1. .

2. ଠ ணࠬ  ஢.

2.1. ଠ ஢.
     pp   몥 Clarion   稭  p 樨
p, p  ppp  ⪨ pp. pp -
 殬 p,   窮  ⮩.  ᪮쪮 ஢ 
 ப p 窮  ⮩.
      pp     p.  ⮬ -
砥 p,   p ᫥ p, 稢 p⨪-
 p⮩.
     pp pp 稢 窮,   pp  END.
     p 稭  ᪫⥫쭮    pᯮ-
   p.
      p pp pp.

2.2. ⪨ ஢.
     ⪠ pp  㪠뢠      ⮯  pp,
p楤p,   㭪樨  ᥣ 稭  ࢮ  ப.
     ⪠ pp ᠭ ।  .   
p⠢ ᮡ  p, p楤p, p  ..
     ⪠ ᯮ塞  pp  ᯮ    ⢥ p
pp GOTO.
     ⪠ pp   ᮤp   12 ᨬ,  p
 ⨭᪨ 㪢    Z,  p  0  9    ᨬ  -
p. p ᨬ  ⪥ pp   㪢.
     ⪨ pp  ⢨⥫  p祭 pp.

2.3. ppp ᫮.
     ᯮ짮  ⢥ ⪨ pp ppp ᫮-
 㤥 p ⮫ pp:
AND     DO      EXECUTE    INCLUDE   OMIT        RETURN    TIMES
BREAK   EJECT   EXIT       LOOP      OR          ROUTINE   TO
BY      ELSE    FUNCTION   MEMBER    OROF        SIZE      UNTIL
CASE    ELSIF   GOTO       NOT       PROCEDURE   SOURCE    WHILE
CYCLE   END     IF         OF        PROGRAM     THEN      XOR

2.4. 樠 ᨬ.

稭騥:
!  - 稭 p
?  - 稭  pp 
@  - 稭 ᥬ

稢騥:
;  - 稢 pp
CR - 稢 pp (p p⪨)
.  - 稢 pp-pp
|  - 稢 p  p
#  - 稢   p ⨯ LONG
$  - 稢   p ⨯ REAL
"  - 稢   p ⨯ STRING


                                  - 8 -
࠭稢騥:
() -  p㦠 pp  p祭 pp
[] -  p㦠   p祭 ᮢ
'' -  p㦠 p ﭭ
{} -
<> -  p㦠  ASCII  p ﭭ

騥:
.  - ᮥ 楫  p  ᫥ ⠭
,  - ᮥ pp  p筥 pp
:  - ᮥ p䨪   
_  - ᮥ   ⪥ pp

 権 (⠪  ᮥ騬):
+  - p ᫮
-  - p ⠭   
*  - p 㬭
/  - p 
%  -
^  -  ᯮ
<  -  p樨 , 祬
>  -  p樨 , 祬
=  -  p⢠,  pp pᢠ
~  - 㭠p p p栭
&  -  p樨 ⥭樨

2.5. ࠭᫨஢ ணࠬ  몥 CLARION.

Ŀ
 室     (.CLA) 

              V ࠭
Ŀ
  䠩  (.PRO) 
  ᨬ      (.SYM)           Ŀ
 ⨭ 䠩   (.LST) >        
  訡        (.ERR)                    
                            ^
              V                                 
Ŀ                            
 ꥪ 䠩 DOS (.OBJ)                             
                            
               騪              Ŀ
              > ᯫ塞 䠩 (.EXE) 
               (DOS LINK)               
Ŀ
 ⥪ Clarion        


     p p᫨p -童 pp p㦠 䠩 ᨬ-
 pp    p᫨p p  .   ⮤
 pp ᯮ pp p⢥   p-
 p樨   -童.   p       
pp 㫥 室  p᫨p  㫨 童
 ⮣, ⮡ ᪮ppp  p.


                                  - 9 -

     pp  p襭 p樨 pp   p-
 " p",  p ன ᮧ -
騩 䠩 訡 ( pp .SUM).


2.6. pp PROGRAM.

⪠ PROGRAM

     pp PROGRAM    p pp   pp-
 㫥. p ᥬ ᨬ ⪨ ᯮ  ⢥ -
 䠩. ᫨ ⪠ 饭,    䠩 ᯮ  -
室 䠩,    p  pp.
     pp   p⠢ ᮡ 室 䠩 pp,
ᮤp騩 pp.
     ᠭ, 㪠    pp   묨  ᥩ
p楤p  㭪権,  pᯮ  pp  㫥      -
-童.

2.7. pp MEMBER.

     MEMBER(' pp')

     pp MEMBER    p pp  㫥-童-
. pp pp MEMBER   pp,  p -
 -童.
     ᫨ pp pp MEMBER 饭,       -童
⠭ "㭨pᠫ  㫥-童" p   祭
  pp.  pp 䠩  㭨pᠫ쭮 -童
ᮧ ⮫쪮   p 筮 p樨.

2.8. pp MAP.

     MAP

     p MAP ᯥ稢  pp  .  -
p pp MAP,  p ᫥ p㣨 pp (PROC, FUNC,
MODULE, AREA  OVARLAY).
     pp MAP 稢 窮,  pp END.
      pp  㫥  pp MAP ᯮ  
㫥,   p楤p  㭪権,  ⠪ ⥩ pp,
p 墠뢠 pp.

2.9. pp PROC.

     PROC( p楤p)

     pp PROC    p楤p pp.  pp 
   pp ⪮ pp PROCEDURE.
     pp PROC,  騩 p楤p, 室  pp
㫥   㪠  pp  MAP  p  p  pp
MODULE. pp PROC, p  p楤p, 室  -
㫥-童   㪠  pp MODULE,  饩 
-童.    p  p楤p   p,    
 pp PROC.


                                  - 10 -

2.10. pp FUNC.

     FUNC( 㭪樨), ⨯ 

     pp FUNC   㭪権 pp.   pp  
   pp ⪮ pp FUNCTION.
     p   뢠 ⨯ 室   (LONG,   REAL,
STRING).
     pp FUNC,  騩 㭪,  室   pp
㫥      㪠   pp MAP p p pp
MODULE. pp FUNC, p  㭪, 室  -
-童     㪠  pp MODULE,  饩 
-童.  p  㭪樨   p,    -
 pp FUNC.

2.11. pp MODULE.

     MODULE( )

     pp  MODULE  -童  ᥬ  p楤p
 㭪ﬨ.   ᮤন pp MODULE,  p ᫥ p㣨
pp.
     pp MODULE 稢 窮,  pp END.
     pp       p⠢ p ⠭-
⮩, 뢠饩   䠩 ( pp) 室 .
     pp ᯮ pp    pp .CLA 
⮣, ⮡  p ⮭宦  㫥    p
筮 p樨.  pp ᯮ pp    p-
p .PRO p p㧪 㫥  믮.
     pp MODULE  室  p pp MAP.
     pp MODULE ᮤp pp PROC  FUNC,  p -
 p楤p  㭪樨, 室騥   㫥.

2.12. p BINARY.
     p BINARY pp  p   
p ,    ᠭ   몥 ᥬp  - p㣮
몥 ⥬ ppp.   p  p⠢
ᮡ ⮢  p㧪,  pp  , p
ᮧ  DOS EXE2BIN.   p㧪    p  
pp ᯮ   pp      pp MODULE  p-
p .BIN . ( p  p p  ᮣ襭  -
  㫥 p ).

2.13. pp AREA.

     AREA
        pp OVERLAY
     .

     pp AREA 뢠 p .  砥  ᥡ
pp AREA  p㣨,  ᫥騥   pp,   稢
窮,  pp END.
     pp AREA ᮤp pp OVERLAY,  p    
ᥡ pp MODULE,  ᮤp騥,   ᢮ p, pp PROC 
FUNC.


                                  - 11 -

     p p , 뢠 pp AREA p-
 pp 襣 p ᥣ  pp AREA.
     p  p⠢ ᮡ  ,   p
p㦠 p ᥣ. p ᥣ ⮨  
    㫥      pp OVERLAY.  
(p㦥  )  p     ⮦ p 
 ⮫쪮   p ᥣ.  p p饭  p
p楤p  㭪樨 (p楤p  㭪,  pp
PROC  FUNC  pp OVERLAY)   p㦠 ᮤp騩 
p ᥣ (᫨  㦥   p).  p
p楤p   㭪   p  p楤p  㭪樨 
p㣮 p ᥣ, p ᯮ   ᠬ p-
 ,        㯨訬   室-
騬  p㣮 p ᥣ ⮩  p .

2.14. pp OVERLAY.

     OVERLAY
        pp MODULE
     .

     pp OVERLAY 뢠 p  ᥣ.     ᮤp
pp OVERLAY   ᫥騥   pp,   稢 -
,  pp END.
     pp OVERLAY  ᮤp    pp MODULE,  -
p,  ᢮ p,    pp PROC  FUNC.
     p p饭   p p楤p  㭪樨   楫-
 p㦠 ᮤp騩  p ᥣ (᫨  㦥   -
 p).
      p ᥣ p㦥,   p pᢠ
 砫 祭.
     㫨 p  (ᠭ pp MODULE    p⮬
BINARY)    p p.

2.15. pp PROCEDURE.

⪠ PROCEDURE(ᯨ᮪ pp)

     pp PROCEDURE -  p pp p楤p.
     ⪠ pp -   p楤p.
     p楤p 頥   p楤p   ,
pp  ⮬ pp⥫쭮 ᮮ饭.
       p⠢ ᮡ p  p, p-
 ⮩  祭  ᪮.
      p   ᯨ᪥ pp   ᠭ p
p楤p.

2.16. pp FUNCTION.

⪠ FUNCTION(ᯨ᮪ pp)

     pp FUNCTION -  p pp 㭪樨.
     ⪠ pp  -   㭪樨.
     㭪 頥  㭪   ,  -
pp p ⮬ pp⥫쭮 ᮮ饭.


                                  - 12 -

       p⠢ ᮡ p  p, p-
 ⮩  祭  ᪮.
      p  ᯨ᪥ pp   ᠭ  p
㭪樨.
      ᯮ 㭪 뤠  p  ⢥  祭.
뤠 祭    ⨯ LONG,  REAL  STRING  -
  ⮣,  㪠 pp FUNC  pp MAP.

2.17. pp pp PROCEDURE  FUNCTION.
       p  ᯨ᪥ pp pp PROCEDURE 
FUNCTION     ᮮ⢥饩 p楤p   㭪-
樨. pp,    pp EXTERNAL 뢠 譨
pp. p稥 pp 뢠 묨 pp.
      pp "p  祭", ⮬ p  -
  ந室  p饣   .
      pp   ᮢ  ⨯  p-
   .
     譨 pp  "p    p",   ⮬ 
譥 pp p    뢠饣 .
     ⪨ pp RECORD, HEADER, FOOTER, DETAIL  TABLE  
ᯮ짮  뢠饬 ᯨ᪥ pp,     pᬠp
뢠 p楤p  㭪樥  pp GROUP.
     ⪨ pp SCREEN,  REPORT,  DOS, FILE, KEY, INDEX  TABLE
    ᯮ짮   뢠饬 ᯨ᪥ pp,   
 ᠭ p⢮  p  pp EXTERNAL.
     pp TABLE  pᬠp  GROUP,  ᫨ ᮮ⢥騩
 pp EXTERNAL     p.     p⨢  砥  (
p⮬ TABLE)  pᬠp  TABLE.

2.18. pp CODE.
     pp CODE -   p⨢  pp,   p  ⤥
p pp,  p楤p  㭪樨 pp ᠭ  ᯮ-
塞 pp.

2.19. pp ROUTINE.

⪠ ROUTINE

     pp ROUTINE  p pp 쭮 pp-
.     pp   室   pp
p pp, p楤p  㭪樨.
     ⪠ pp  -      쭮  pp,   ஥
㯮p  pp DO  ᯮ pp.
      pp   稢  殬  室  䠩
pp,  pp ROUTINE, PROCEDURE  FUNCTION.
      p  p   pp,  ᫥饬  뢠訬
pp DO p 쭮 pp      ᯮ짮
pp EXIT.

2.20. p⨢ TITLE.

     TITLE(' ')

      ⠥    p  ⮫  p p ⨭


                                  - 13 -

pp Clarion  p    p  -
⨭.
     p⨢ TITLE   饭   砫  室  䠩
p pp SOURCE, PROGRAM  MEMBER.

2.21. p⨢ SUBTITLE.

     SUBTITLE(' ')

      ⠥  p ⮫ p쥩 p ⨭
pp Clarion.
     p⨢ SUBTITLE   饭  砫 室 䠩
p pp SOURCE, PROGRAM  MEMBER.
        p⠭ pp EJECT, p
稭  p  ⨭.

2.22. p⨢ EJECT.

     EJECT('')
     EJECT

     pp EJECT 稭  p  ⨭.
     ࠬ  p⠭    稭
 p  ⨭.
      EJECT  ࠬ 稭  p    ⥬  
ᠬ ,    p饩 p.

2.23. p⨢ OMIT.

     OMIT('p⥫')

     p⨢ OMIT p  室 p,  p  ᫥
 p p樨.
      OMIT  稭  p,   p 室 p⨢
OMIT  稢 p, 稭饩  .

2.24. p⨢ SOURCE.
     p⨢ SOURCE  p pp 室 䠩, -
p   祭  pp  -童 (ᯮ  
⮣ pp INCLUDE).

2.25. p⨢ INCLUDE.

     INCLUDE(' 䠩')
     INCLUDE(' 䠩',  pp)

     p⨢ INCLUDE 뢠 室 䠩  pp,   p
  祭  pp   -童.
     pp      -  p ⠭, 뢠 
䠩  㪠 pp  pp.
     p⨢ SOURCE,   TITLE    SUBTITLE      䠩 -
pp.
     pp   㦨 pp ⪮ pp,  -
p   祭  室 䠩 pp.


                                  - 14 -

3. ᠭ ६.

3.1.  BYTE.

⪠ BYTE(砫쭮 祭)
        Ŀ
ଠ:  ६ BYTE 
        
:   7                 0
      BYTE  뢠 ⮢ 楫 ६  
   0  255.
     ࠬ     ᨬ쭮 -
 ⠭⮩  ᫮ ⠭⮩  㪠 .
     ᫨ ࠬ 饭,   祭 ⠭  0.
      ஬ BYTE  ᯮ짮 ਡ DIM  OVER.

3.2.  SHORT.

⪠ SHORT(砫쭮 祭)
        Ŀ
ଠ:         稭    
        
:    15                    0
       SHORT  뢠  塠⮢  楫 ६ 
  ଠ 楫 ᫮ Intel 8086.
     ६ SHORT   ।  -32 768  32 767.
     ࠬ        楫 ⠭⮩,
ᮮ⢥饩 㪠 .
     ᫨ ࠬ 饭,   砫쭮 祭 ਭ 0.
      ஬ SHORT  ᯮ짮 ਡ DIM  OVER.

3.3.  LONG.

⪠ LONG(砫쭮 祭)
        Ŀ
ଠ:     ६ LONG      
        
:    31                         0
      LONG 뢠 塠⮢ 楫 ६  -
  ଠ ⪮ 楫 Intel 8086.
      LONG   - 2 147 483 647  2 147 483 647.
     ࠬ         ।⠢ ᫮
⠭⮩  㪠 .
     ᫨ ࠬ 饭,   祭 ਭ ࠢ 0.
       LONG  ᯮ짮 ਡ DIM  OVER.

3.4.  REAL.

⪠ REAL(砫쭮 祭)
        Ŀ
ଠ:    ᯮ⠳              
        
:    63            52                           0
      REAL 뢠 쬨⮢  ६    饩
⮩  ଠ ﭭ ⢥ ६ Intel 8086 (
筮).


                                 - 15 -

     ᮫⭠ 稭 ६ ⨯ REAL   4.19 * 10
** -307  1.67 * 10 ** 308.
     ࠬ      ᫮ ⠭⮩
 㪠 .
     ᫨ ࠬ 饭,   砫쭮 祭 ਭ 0.
      ஬ REAL  ᯮ짮 ਡ DIM  OVER.

3.5.  DECIMAL.

⪠ DECIMAL()
⪠ DECIMAL(,-  ᫥ .窨)
⪠ DECIMAL(,-  ᫥ .窨,.)

      DECIMAL 뢠 㯠  ६.
        ६  DECIMAL  ᮤন   ,
ᯮ    .  ࠩ ᫥ 㡠 ᮤন 
६ DECIMAL (0 - ⥫,    ⠫ - ⥫-
).
     ࠬ  -  ᫮ ⠭,  ᮤঠ 饥 -
⢮    楫  ஡  ६.
     ࠬ -   . -   ᫮  ⠭,
㪠뢠 ⢮       ஡  (ࠢ  筮
窨).
     ࠬ         ।⠢ ᫮
⠭⮩.
      ஬ DECIMAL  ᯮ짮 ਡ DIM  OVER.

3.6.  STRING.

⪠ STRING()
⪠ STRING(砫쭮 祭)
⪠ STRING(ࠦ)

      STRING 뢠 ப ᨬ 䨪஢  ,
ᨬ쭠  ன ⠢ 255 .
     ࠬ  -  ᫮ ⠭    1  255,
㪠뢠  ப. 砫쭮 祭 ⠭  ஡.
     ࠬ   -  ப ⠭,  ᮤঠ-
 砫쭮 祭  ப.
     ࠬ  ।⠢ ᮡ ᨬ ࠦ. -
 ப ⠭  ⢮ ⮢, 室  ⮣,
⮡  ଠ஢ ப,  ᮧ ᨬ  ࠦ-
. 砫쭮 祭 ⠭  ஡.
       ஬ STRING  ᯮ짮 ਡ DIM  OVER.

3.7.  ࠦ.
      ࠦ  ଠ,   㤥 ᯮ짮
 ६饭 ᫮ 祭  ப ࠦ.  ᫨ ଠ
᫨誮 ,  ⮡  ᫮ 祭,  ப ࠦ
 窠.
      ᨬ ࠦ 稭 窮 ("@"). 㪢   -
 樨 ᨬ ࠦ 砥 ",  ".

3.8. ᫮ ࠦ  ࠦ  .
      ᫮  ࠦ ।⠢ 窮 @N  -


                                 - 16 -

 ᫥ 㪠⥫ ࠧ,  ⢠  ᫥ 筮 -
,   ᨬ  ; ஡    ⠢.
     : 㪠⥫ ࠧ थ  ( ᨬ)   -
⥫쭮 ப ࠦ  ଠ 楫  ᫠.   ࠦ-
 楫 ᫮    1  255.
     ଠ 㯯 㪠⥫ ࠧ  㬮砭 ਭ  -
  ࠧ  묨.  ᫨ ᫥    ⮨  ᨬ
ન,    ਢ   㯯஢  , 
 ᯮ㥬 ࠭⢮ ᮪ 浪   ஡.
 0 ᫥  , ⠪ 塞 㯯஢  砬, 
  樨 ᮪ 浪  ﬨ.  -
, 稬  १, ⮫쪮   -
権 ᮪ 浪 ⢫ 窠. ਬ:

@N9   4,550,000
@N_9    4550000
@N09  004550000
@N*9  **4550000

     ᫨ 㯯஢   ( ᨬ ન  0
᫥  ),   㪠 㣮 (⫨  ⮩)   ᨬ
㯯஢ ࠢ   .  ન 㯯 ஡,  
窠 㯯 窠. ਬ:

@N9_  4 550 000
@N9.  4.550.000

         :  㪠⥫ ।-
 ⢮  ᫥ 筮 窨  ᫥  ᨬ, ࠧ-
騩 楫    ஡  ᫠.  ᫮  ᫥ 筮 窨
   ,  㪠 㪠⥫  ,   -
砥,   ॢ 15.
     窠 ᫥ ⮣ 㪠⥫   ⮬,   楫   ஡
 ࠧ 窮,   ' ࠧ  ⮩. 窠 ⠭-
 ,  ' ⠭   ⢥ 㯯饣 ᨬ-
  楫 . ਬ:

@N_9.2   4550.75
@N_9'2   4550,75
@N9'.2  4,550.75
@N9.2   4,550.75 (筮 孥)
@N9.'2  4.550,75
@N9'2   4.550,75 (筮 孥)
@N9_'2   4550,75

     : 㪠⥫    ।  ଠ ⥫쭮 ᫠.
  । 㪠⥫ ࠧ   । ᫮.  -
 ᫥ 㪠⥫ ⢠  ᫥ 筮 窨  
  ᫠.   祭  㪠⥫  ᪮  祭-
  ᪮ ⥫쭮 ᫠. ਬ:

@N-9.2     -4,550.75
@N9.2-     4,550.75-
@N(10.2)   (4,550.75)


                                 - 17 -

        :   㪠⥫ ।  
($),  ப ᨬ, 祭  ⨫ (~). ⥫ -
     ,  ᫥ 㪠⥫ (
᪫祭 㪠⥫  - blank when zero,  .. ",  ")
 ᫮ ࠦ. ਬ:

@N$9.2       $4,550.75
@N~DM~10'2   DM4.550,75
@N11'2~KR~   4.550,75KR
@N$(11.2)    $(4,550.75)

      p p pp 㭠pp  ᨬ
p   :

                @N$12.2               $24,500.00
p            @N~F ~12_'2          F 24 500,00
⠫             @N~Lit. ~15'2    Lit. 540.000,00
p           @N~KR ~12'2         KR 24.500,00
                @N~DM ~12'2         DM 24.500,00
ﭤ          @N~MK ~12_'2        MK 24 500,00
             @N~KR ~13'2         KR 24.500,00

3.9. ࠦ ᯮ樠쭮 ଠ.
     ᯮ樠 ଠ ᯮ  ࠦ 祭 -
,   祭 쪨 ᥫ   ,    -
 .
     ࠦ ᯮ樠쭮  ଠ  ।   @Em.n,
 m -  饥 ⢮ ᨬ  ⥫쭮 ப  -
,   n -  ⢮ ᨬ ᫥  筮 窨.

@E9.0      1,967,865       .20e+007
@E12.1     1,967,865    1.9679e+006
@E12.1    -1,967,865   -1.9679e+006
@E12.1    .000000032    3.2000e-008
@E12.1B            0

3.10. ࠦ .
       ࠭  ᫮ ६  (筮  ⨯  LONG)
  ப ࠦ.
     , ࠭  ᫮ ६ 뢠 ⠭⭮  -
⮩  ।⠢ ⢮   28  1800 .
      ࠦ  ⮨  @D      ᫥  
ଠ      롮  ࠧ.   ᫥騥
 ଠ⮢ :

 1. mm/dd/yy       3/16/88        *7. dd mmm yy     16 MAR 88
 2. mm/dd//yyyy    3/16/1988      *8. dd mmm yyyy   16MAR 1988
*3. mmm dd,yyyy    MAR 16,1988     9. yy/mm/dd      88/03/16
*4. mmmmm dd,yyyy  March 16,1988  10. yyyy/mm/dd    1988/03/16
 5. dd/mm/yy       16/03/88       11. yymmdd        880316
 6. dd/mm/yyyy     16/03/1988     12. yyyymmdd      19880316

*   ଠ       ᯮ짮  ⢥ ࠬ
   ASK  ENTRY.  (᫮      
  ᫮ .)


                                 - 18 -

      㪠 ࠧ⥫ ⫨筮  (/)   ଠ 
 ᯮ짮  ࠧ:

.   窨        _  ஡
-   窨     '  

ਬ:

@D1.      3.16.88
@D5.     16.03.88
@D6-   16-03-1988
@D5_     16 03 88
@D6_   16 03 1988

3.11. ࠦ ६.
     祭 ६    ࠭  ᫮ ६ (筮
⨯ LONG)   ப ࠦ.
     ६, ࠭    ᫮  ६  뢠 ⠭
६  ।⠢ ᮡ   ᥪ㭤  㭮.
     ࠦ ६ ⮨  @T,   ᫥  ଠ-
 ६   롮  ࠧ:

 1. hh:mm    14:30         *3. hh:mmxM     2.30PM
 2. hhmm      1430          4. hh:mm:ss  14:30:00

*  ଠ ६  ᯮ짮  ⢥ ࠬ  
   ASK     ENTRY.  (   ᫮   ᫮
  .)
      㪠 ࠧ⥫ ⫨筮  (:)   ଠ -
  ᯮ짮  ࠧ:

.            _  ஡
-   窨      '  

ਬ:

@T1.     14.15
@T2_     14 15
@T3.    2.15PM
@T4.  14.15.30

3.12. ଠ஢ ࠦ.
     ଠ஢ ࠦ      ᮡ⢥ 
ࠦ 楫.
      ࠦ  ଠ஢ ࠦ ⮨  @
P,   ᫥ ଠ ࠦ, 稢 P.
     ଠ ࠦ  -   ப ᨬ,  ᮤঠ 窨 <
 #  ,    , ᫠騥 楫. -
 ᨬ, ⫨  <  # ᬠਢ  ᨬ ।-
    ⥫쭮 ப ࠦ. 箪 < -
砥 "         ࠧ鸞   ஡",   箪 #
砥 "    ࠧ鸞  ".
     ய᭠ 㪢 P   祭  ଠ ࠦ, ᫨
  ⢥  ࠭稢  ᯮ짮  㪢 p (ਬ,
@p<#:##PMp)  .


                                 - 19 -

3.13. ப ࠦ.
     ப ࠦ 뢠 ଠ஢ ப 㪠-
 ⢠ ᨬ.
      ࠦ  ப ⮨  @S,    ᫥
楫 ᫮, ।⠢饥 ⢮ ᨬ  ப.

3.14.  EXTERNAL.

⪠ EXTERNAL

      EXTERNAL 뢠 ࠬ 楤  㭪樨,  -
 "।  ".  ࠬ, ।   -
 譨 ࠬ஬  室  뢠饩 ணࠬ,  -
  㭪樨.
     ⪠   EXTERNAL    室  ᯨ᪥ ࠬ஢
  PROCEDURE  FUNCTION.  ணࠬ     ᮤঠ
 EXTERNAL, ᪮    ࠬ஢.
      뢠饬  ࠬ     ।⠢  
६    ஬  祭  (१⮬ ࠦ 
㭪樨).
     ᫨ 뢠騩   ࠬ     ⪮    RECORD,
HEADER, FOOTER, DETAIL  TABLE,   ᬠਢ  
GROUP.
      祭 譥 ६ ਢ      
祭  뢠饩 ணࠬ, 楤  㭪樨.

3.15. ਡ  EXTERNAL.
     ਡ  EXTERNAL  ।  ⢥  -
ࠬ஢ 楤  㭪権 ᨢ ,   ࠭, -
, 䠩,   ⠡.
     騥 祢 ᫮  ᯮ짮  ⢥ ਡ-
⮢  EXTERNAL:

  DIM          FILE         KEY           SCREEN
  DOS          INDEX        REPORT        TABLE

3.16.  GROUP.

⪠ GROUP
          ᠭ
      .

      GROUP    ⢥  ६-
  ࠧ  ᪮쪨 ࠬ ᠭ.
      GROUP 稢 窮  ஬ END.
      GROUP    ஥.
      ࠢ ६ SHORT, LONG  REAL  ⢥ ப 
 ꥤ  ࠧ - ᢮ ७ ଠ. -
⮬   GROUP,  ᮤঠ騥  ⨯    ࠢ-
,   ᯮ짮  ⢥ 祩  䠩    ⠡
.
      ஬ GROUP  ᯮ짮 ਡ DIM,  OVER  PRE.

3.17.  ६.
      ६  ॡ ஢  ᠭ.


                                 - 20 -

       ⨯  ६ (LONG,  REAL    STRING(32)),
 ᮧ ࠭஬  ࢮ 뫪    樠-
  ᮮ⢥⢨   ⨯:

⪠#  -  ६  LONG
⪠$  -  ६  REAL
⪠"  -  ६  STRING(32)

      ६ LONG  REAL ᢠ 砫쭮  祭
,       ६  STRING  ⢥ 砫쭮 祭
ᢠ ஡.

3.18. ਡ PRE.

     PRE(䨪)

     ਡ PRE  䨪  ६,      
ᯮ짮  ⮣,  ⮡   ६  묨 -
,    室  ࠧ .
     ਡ PRE  ᯮ짮  ᫥騬 ࠬ:

DETAIL        FOOTER          MENU            REPORT
DOS           GROUP           RECORD          SCREEN
FILE          HEADER          REPEAT          TABLE

     ࠬ  ⮨   ᨬ.
      ᯮ짮 䨪  ᮥ    ᢮  -
 ।⢮ .    ६    -
䨪ᮬ   ⢫  㪠 䨪,  ᫨ ⮫쪮 
६  㭨.

3.19. ਡ OVER.

     OVER(६)

     ਡ OVER   ᯮ짮      
 ᪮쪨 ஢ ᠭ.
     ਡ OVER  ᯮ짮  ᫥騬 ࠬ,  
  SCREEN  REPORT:

BYTE         LONG         DECIMAL        GROUP
SHORT        REAL         STRING

     ࠬ     ।⠢  ᮡ  ६,
㦥 饩 ,    ࠧ.  -
   ਡ⮬ OVER ९뢠  ⢥  ⮬  -
  .
     ࠬ      ⪮   ᫥
஢:

BYTE         GROUP        MEMO           SHORT
DECIMAL      HEADER       REAL           STRING
DETAIL       LONG         RECORD         TABLE
FOOTER


                                 - 21 -

      ६    ᠭ   -
६,  ६   GROUP    ᠭ 
६   GROUP.
     ६    ᠭ   ⪮  ६-
.

3.20. ਡ DIM.

     DIM(ࠧ,...,ࠧ)

     ਡ DIM 뢠 ᨢ.
     ਡ DIM  ᯮ짮  ᫥騬 ࠬ,   
  SCREEN  REPORT:

BYTE             LONG          DECIMAL          GROUP
SHORT            REAL          STRING           EXTERNAL

      -  ᫮ ⠭, 㪠뢠 ⢮ -
  ⮬ ࠧ.
       ᪮, 㪠   ६ ।, -
  ⮢ ७ (ᨢ) ᯮ짮.
     ਡ DIM      ࠧ஢.
     ᨢ   뢠  65 520  .

3.21. ᨢ  ⢥ ࠬ஢ 楤  㭪権.
     ᨢ    ⢥ ࠬ    PROCEDURE
 FUNCTION, ᫨ ⮫쪮   ᠭ  "譨 ࠬ  䨪-
஢ ࠧ஬".  ⮣   EXTERNAL ᯮ -
 DIM.  室 ࠧ ᨢ   㪠  -
 DIM,  ࠬ     祬- , ஬ 1. 
ᯨ᪥ ࠬ஢ ᨢ 㪠뢠    ᪮ ([]).
     㣮 ᯮᮡ 饭  ᨢ  楤  砥  
। ᮤঠ   ᨢ  "  祭"    ⮣
ᨢ.    믮 ⥬ 祭 ᨢ  -
 GROUP  ᫥騬 믮 ७祭  㯯  -
.

3.22. ४⨢ EQUATE.

⪠ EQUATE(⪠)
⪠ EQUATE(⠭)
⪠ EQUATE(ࠦ)
⪠ EQUATE(祢 ᫮)

    ४⨢ EQUATE ᢠ ⪥ 祭 㣮 ⪨,  ᫮-
  ப ⠭, ᨬ ࠦ  祢 ᫮.
⪠ ४⨢ EQUATE    १ࢨ஢ ᫮ 
祢 ᫮, ᯮ㥬  ࠧ .  ⠪   
⠪ ,   ࠬ.

3.23. ४⨢ SIZE.

     SIZE(⪠)
     SIZE(⠭)


                                 - 22 -

     SIZE(ࠦ)

     ४⨢ SIZE 㪠뢠 ⢮   ,  -
  ࠭ ࠬ.
     ४⨢ SIZE     ᯮ짮    ணࠬ
 ᫮ ⠭.
     ࠬ    ⪮ ࠭  ᠭ  ६-
.     ६ -  ⢮ ⮢ ,   
뢠.
     ࠬ     ᫮  ப -
⠭⮩.
     ࠬ  -  ࠢ ᨬ ࠦ.  -
 ᨬ   ࠦ ।  ଠ஢ ப,
ந ᨬ ࠦ.


                                  - 23 -

4. p.

4.1. 㭪樨.
     㭪 -  ணࠬ,     頥  ஬筮
祭  ࠦ.  㭪 ᯮ  ⮬  ᠬ ⥪,
  ६,  ,   㭪樥  ᫥ ᯨ᮪ -
஢.    㭪樥,   ன  ࠬ஢,    ⮩
ᯨ᮪ ࠬ஢, ਬ: ERROR().
      㭪樨  ஥   Clarion   㪠뢠 
 MAP.
     ᮪  㭪権:

ABS       BSHIFT   CONTENTS    FOREHUE    LOGE      RANDOM    SUB
ACOS      BXOR     COS         FORMAT     LOWER     RECORDS   TAN
AGE       BYTES    DATE        INRANGE    MAXIMUM   REFER     TODAY
ALL       CENTER   DAY         INSTRING   MEMORY    RIGHT     UPPER
ASIN      CHOICE   DEFORMAT    INT        MONTH     ROUND     VAL
ATAN      CHR      EOF         KEYBOARD   NAME      ROW       YEAR
BACKHUE   CLIP     ERROR       KEYCODE    NUMERIC   ROWS
BAND      CLOCK    ERRORCODE   LEFT       OMITTED   RUNCODE
BOF       COL      FIELD       LEN        PATH      SIN
BOR       COLS     FIELDS      LOG10      POINTER   SQRT

4.2. ᫮ ⠭.
     ᫮ ⠭ -  䨪஢ 祭,   -
  ⢥ ࠬ஢ ஢ ᢠ  ਡ⮢,   
⠪  ࠦ.
     筠 ᫮  ⠭    ᮤঠ  易⥫
  । ᫮, 楫   易⥫  -
  ஡ .
      ଠ஢  ⠪,        
᪠  ᫮ ⠭,    ᫮  ⠭    
稢 筮 窮.
      ⠭ ᮤঠ ⥫   । -
,  1  0  稢 㪢 B  b.
     쬨 ⠭  ᮤঠ 易⥫   ।
᫮,   0  7  稢 㪢   .
     ⭠ ⠭  ᮤঠ  易⥫   
। ᫮,    0  9, 㪢  A  F (  -
 ᫠  10  15)  稢 㪢 H  h. ࠩ ᫥
ᨬ    ।⠢ 㪢  A  F ( 室-
  訥 ࠤ ᫥  0).
     祭 訥  祭 쪨 ⠭    ࠦ
 ᯮ樠쭮 ଠ ( ⥯ 10),  룫廊 ᫥騬
ࠧ: #.#####+###,  -#.##### -  筮 祭  -
,  +## # -  ⥯   .
     ᫮ ⠭ ࠭  쭮 ᫮ ⨯  ,
   .

4.3.  ᫮ 権.
      ᫮  権  䬥᪨  ꥤ  ࠭
 ᫥ ஬筮 祭:

+ ᫮    (A + B 砥  A ਡ B)


                                  - 24 -

- ⠭   (A - B 砥  A  B)
* 㬭   (A * B 砥 A 㬭  B)
/      (A / B 砥 A ࠧ  B)
^ ⥯     (A ^ B 砥 A  ⥯ B)
% 쭮   (A % B 砥 ⮪ A   B)

      १ 믮 ᫮ 樨 砥 ஬-
 祭 LONG  REAL  ᨬ  ⨯    ࠭.
,    믮     ⥯ ஬筮
祭 ᥣ  ⨯ REAL.

4.4. ᫮ ࠦ.
     ᫮ ࠦ        ⢥ ࠬ஢ 
 CASE,  EXECUTE,  IF  LOOP,   ⠪  ⢥  室
⥪  ᢠ.
     ᫮ ࠦ  ᮤঠ  樨 ꥤ, 
  ᮤঠ  ᪨ 権.  ᫨  ꥤ-
  ᫥  ᫮ ࠦ ,  , ᫨ ⢥-
   ᫮ ࠦ ⠢ ப ⠭⮩ 
६,   ⥫쭮 ஬筮 祭 ८ࠧ 
ப ⨯  ᫮.

4.5. ப ⠭.
     ப ⠭ -  ᫥⥫쭮 㪢,  ।⠢-
騥 ᫮, ।,   ..,    ⢥
ࠬ஢   ᠭ  ਡ,  ⠪  ࠦ.
     ப ⠭   .    ⮣,   ⮡
   ப ⠭, ᫥ ᯮ짮  -
⥫ .
     ⠥ ᨬ  ⠢  ப ⠭  ⥬
祭  ASCII   㣫 ᪮ (  祬,  -
 祬).   ⮣, ⮡   ப ⠭  "
祬" ᯮ   " 祬".
     ப ⠭,  ᮤঠ ᫥⥫ ७ -
쭮 ᨬ   㪮祭 ।⢮ ᯮ짮 -
稪 ७.  稪 ७ ⮨  塞 ᨬ,
 䨣୮ ᪮,  稪 ७  ࠢ 䨣୮ ᪮.
 ⮣,  ⮡   ப ⠭  䨣 ᪮
ᯮ   䨣 ᪮.

4.6. 業 ᫮  ப ࠦ.
     業 ᫮  ப ࠦ ⢫  ⥬  -
 ,  㪠   樨. ᫥⥫쭮 믮-
 権 稭 ࠢ ਮ 権.
     樨 믮  ᫥  ࠢ  ᮮ⢥⢨  ஢ 
ਮ:

஢ 1   ()             㯯஢ ᪮
஢ 2   -               
஢ 3   맮 㭪樨  㯯 ࠬ,   -
                            ࠦﬨ
஢ 4   ^                ⥯
஢ 5   * / %          , ,  
஢ 6   + -            , ⠭
஢ 7   &              ꥤ


                                  - 25 -

4.7.  ꥤ.
      ꥤ 頥  ப   㣮.
      樨  ப ᥣ 砥 ப ஬-
 祭; ,     ࠭    ।⠢
᫮묨 ⨯ . ᫨ ࠭ ।⠢ ᫮ ⨯ -
,    ८ࠧ  ᫥ ப: 易⥫  -
   ᫥ ᫥⥫쭮   ⥫쭮 -
筮 窮  ⥫쭮 ஡ .

4.8. ப ࠦ.
     ப ࠦ   ⢥ ࠬ஢,  ⠪ 
⢥ 室 ⥪  ᢠ,  ᢠ饣 
祭 ப ६.
     ப ࠦ  ᮤঠ  ᫮ 権,  
  ᮤঠ  ᪨ 権.
     ᫨ ᫮   ᫥ ஢  ப
ࠦ 樥,  , ᫨ ⢥  ப -
 ।⠢ ᫮ ⠭⮩  ६,   ⥫-
 ஬筮 祭 ८ࠧ  ᫮  ப.

4.9. ᪨ 樨  ࠦ.
      ᪮ 樨  ࠭ ,  १
祣 뤠 ᫮ "⨭"  "".
     ᫮  ᪨ 権 (" 祬",  "  祬",
"ࠢ"   樨) ࠢ  祭:

=                             "⨭", ᫨ ࠢ
<                             "⨭", ᫨  祬
>                             "⨭", ᫨  祬
<>  ~=  NOT =           "⨭", ᫨  ࠢ
~<  =>  >=  NOT <    "⨭", ᫨   祬
~>  =<  <=  NOT >    "⨭", ᫨   祬

     騥  ᪨ 権 ("",   "",   "᪫饥
"  "")   ᫮ "⨭"  "":

~  NOT         "⨭", ᫨ "", "", ᫨ "⨭"
AND               "⨭", ᫨  "⨭"
OR                "⨭", ᫨    "⨭"
XOR               "⨭", ᫨ ,    "⨭"

।  ਮ ᪨ 権:

஢ 1   ᫮
஢ 2   NOT  ~
஢ 3   AND
஢ 4   OR  XOR

5.  ᢠ.
      ᢠ ⠭ 祭  .
     ଠ ६   ⨯ . 祭   ⨯
   ८ࠧ  ७  ६    㣨
⨯ .


                                  - 26 -

5.1.  ᢠ.

⪠ 祭 = 筨

     筮   ᢠ   ࠭
஬  ணࠬ.  ⮬  ᯮ  ࠢ⢠,
 砥 " ⠭ ࠢ ⮬-".
         ६,    
 ࠦ.
     ᫨    ।⠢ ࠧ묨 ⨯ 
(     ப ࠦ),   ⮢ ᢠ
믮 ८ .

5.2. 樮  ᢠ.

⪠ 祭 += 筨
⪠ 祭 -= 筨
⪠ 祭 *= 筨
⪠ 祭 /= 筨
⪠ 祭 ^= 筨
⪠ 祭 %= 筨

     樮   ᢠ  믮    ६
䬥᪨ ⢨.
        㪠     ।⠢
ᮡ  ६,    ࠦ.
     ਬ:

  A += 1          A = A + 1
  A -= B          A = A - B
  A *= -5         A = A * -5
  A /= 100        A = A / 100
  A ^= I + 1      A = A ^ (I + 1)
  A %= 7          A = A % 7

5.3.  CLEAR.

⪠ CLEAR(⪠)

      CLEAR 頥 ६,    GROUP,   RECORD,
TABLE, HEADER,    DETAIL,  FOOTER,   ᨢ.  ᫮ ६
(BYTE, SHORT,   LONG, REAL, DECIMAL) 頥  ,  ६
STRING  MEMO 頥  .
      頥 ।⢮  ⪨      ६.
ᨢ 頥 ⥬ ⠢     ᪮. -
 CLEAR 頥 ᨢ ⮫쪮 楫.

5.4. ࠢ ८ࠧ .
      ਢ   ⠡ ८ࠧ ⨯  
ࠢ ८ࠧ   樨 ⨯ ,   
    ࠢ 筨  祭.  樨,   
ࠢ ८ࠧ   ( ਬ,  BYTE  BYTE,  
SHORT  LONG)  ᥣ  ࠢ 筨  祭. 樨,
   ᪮쪮 ࠢ ८ࠧ (ਬ, REAL 


                                  - 27 -

SHORT,   STRING  DECIMAL) ॡ   蠣  믮-
 ८ࠧ.

                                   
             BYTE  SHORT  LONG  REAL  DECIMAL  STRING PICTURE
          
  BYTE                                        8       10
  SHORT      1                                8       10
  LONG       1     2                          8       10
  REAL      3,1   3,2    3                    9       10
  DECIMAL  4,3,1 4,3,2  4,3    4             4,9      10
  STRING   5,3,1 5,3,2  5,3    5    5,7      11       11
  PICTURE  6,3,1 6,3,2  6,3    6    6,7      11      6,10

             PICTURE 砥 STRING(ᨬ ࠦ)

 1: SHORT  LONG  BYTE
       筨 .  祭 砥 -
訥 8 ⮢ 筨.

 2: LONG  SHORT
       祭 砥   筨. -
祭 砥 訥 15 ⮢ 筨.

 3: REAL  LONG
       祭 砥   筨. -
祭 砥 訥 31  筨.

 4: DECIMAL  REAL
     祭 ᯮ ,  楫    ஡
 筨.

 5: STRING  REAL
     ଠ 筨    ᫥騬:   易⥫  
(  ),   ᫥ 易⥫쭠 楫 , -
易⥫쭠 筠 窠,  易⥫쭠 ஡ . -
 ஡  .    - 㣮 ᨬ,
祭  筨,  㫥 祭.

 6: PICTURE  REAL
     筨 ଠ    ᮮ⢥⢨  ᢮ ࠦ.
 ᢮⢥ ᨬ,  祭  筨    㫥
祭.

 7: REAL  DECIMAL
      DECIMAL(m,n)  祭 ᯮ , 訥 m-n -
    楫    㣫 ஡  筨  n
.

 8: BYTE, SHORT  LONG  STRING
     祭 ।⠢  易⥫    
᫥ 楫.

 9: REAL  STRING
     祭 ।⠢  易⥫    


                                  - 28 -

᫥ 易⥫쭮 楫,  ⥫쭠 筠 窠, -
易⥫쭠 ஡ . 祭 訥  祭 쪨 ᫠ -
ࠦ  ᯮ樠쭮 ଠ.

 10: BYTE, SHORT, REAL, DECIMAL  PICTURE  PICTURE
     祭 ଠ ᮣ᭮  ࠦ. ࠦ-
   ६ । ᯮ짮  ⠭    
⠭⭮ ६   ᮮ⢥⢥.     㣨 ࠦ
।  ᫮ 祭.

 11: STRING  STRING, STRING  PICTURE,  PICTURE  STRING
     ᫨ 祭  筨,   筨 ᥪ.  ᫨
祭  筨,   筨  㤫    
஡.


                                  - 29 -

6.  ࠢ.

6.1.  맮 楤.

⪠  (ᯨ᮪ ࠬ஢)

      맮 楤 뢠 楤. ᠭ 짮-
⥫ 楤     ⢥ ࠬ  
PROC   MAP   ஬ PROCEDURE.
         맮 楤    -
⥫,    ᮮ⢥⢮ ଠ ᯨ᪠ ࠬ஢ -
  PROCEDURE.

      楤 ஥   Clarion   뢠 
 MAP:

ACCEPT  BUFFER  COPY     GET     NEXT      PRINT     RUN        SHARE
ADD     BUILD   CREATE   HELP    NORMAL    PUT       SCROLL     SHOW
ALERT   CACHE   DELETE   HOLD    OPEN      RECOVER   SELECT     SKIP
ALIAS   CALL    DISPLAY  IDLE    OUT       RELEASE   SET        SQRT
APPEND  CHAIN   EMPTY    IN      PACK      REMOVE    SETCLOCK   STOP
ASK     CLEAR   ENHANCE  LOCK    PALETTE   RENAME    SETCURSOR  STREAM
BEEP    CLOSE   ERASE    LOGOUT  PEEK      RESTART   SETHUE     TYPE
BLANK   COLOR   FLUSH    LOOK    POKE      REVERSE   SETPATH    UNLOCK
BLINK           FREE             PREVIOUS  ROLLBACK  SETTODAY   UPDATE

6.2.  GOTO.

⪠ 1  GOTO  ⪠ 2

      GOTO  । ࠢ     㣮.
      1 -  易⥫쭠 ୠ ⪠  GOTO, 
 2     ।⠢    㣮  
ࠧ CODE ⮩  ᠬ ணࠬ, 楤, 㭪樨  쭮
ணࠬ.

6.3.  DO.

⪠ 1  DO  ⪠ 2

      DO  ᯮ  믮 쭮 ணࠬ.

6.4.  EXIT.
     EXIT  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  쭮 ணࠬ-
.   EXIT 頥 ࠢ , ᫥饬  -
뢠訬 ஬ DO.

6.5.  IF.

⪠ IF ᪮ ࠦ 1
      THEN
          (ᯮ, ᫨ ࠦ 1 - )
      ELSIF ᪮ ࠦ 2
      THEN
          (ᯮ, ᫨ ࠦ 2 - )


                                  - 30 -

      ELSE
          (ᯮ, ᫨  ࠦ - )
      .

      IF ᯮ 㯯 ஢  ᨬ  ᫮
   ᪨ ࠦ.
       IF ⬥砥 窮  ஬ END.
      IF ⮨ :   IF  ᪨ ࠦﬨ
 ୮   㯯  THEN;     ᫥ 易⥫
ELSIF  묨 㯯 THEN;  묨 ᫥  易⥫-
 ୠ 㯯 ELSE.
     ୠ 㯯 THEN ᯮ ⮫쪮  ⮬  砥,   ᫨
ᮮ⢥饥  ᪮ ࠦ  IF  ELSIF - .
     ୠ 㯯 ELSE ᯮ ⮣,    뫠 ᯮ-
   ୠ 㯯 THEN.
       IF  室   ⢮  ELSIF    ⮫쪮
ᥣ   ELSE.
       IF     ᯮ  ⮫쪮    ୠ
㯯.
     ⥫ THEN  易⥫.

6.6.  CASE.

⪠ CASE ࠦ 1
      OF ࠦ 2
           (ᯮ, ᫨ ࠦ 2 ࠢ ࠦ 1)
      OROF ࠦ 3
           (ᯮ, ᫨ ࠦ 2  3 ࠢ ࠦ-
                     1)
      ELSE
           (ᯮ, ᫨    ࠦ    ࠢ
                     ࠦ 1)
      .

      CASE ᯮ 㯯 ஢  ᨬ   -
祭 ࠦ.
       CASE ⬥砥 窮  ஬ END.
     OF, OROF  ELSE -  ࠧ⥫ ஢,   ࠧ
 CASE   㯯.
      ASE  ⮨ :   CASE  ࠦ;  
᫥  㯯 OF  OROF;   ᫥  易⥫-
 ୠ 㯯 ELSE.
     砫 業 ࠦ CASE,   ⥬   ࠦ
OF    OROF.   ᫨  祭 ࠦ OF  OROF ࠢ ࠦ
CASE,   ᯮ ᮮ⢥ ୠ 㯯. ᫨  -
   ୠ 㯯 OF  OROF,  믮 -
ୠ 㯯 ELSE (᫨ ⠪ ).
     ᥣ 믮 ⮫쪮  ୠ 㯯 OF  OROF.
     OF    ࠧ⥫ ஢,   ELSE (᫨
ᯮ) - ᫥ ࠧ⥫ ஢   CASE.
     OROF   稢 ।  㯯.

6.7.  EXECUTE.



                                  - 31 -

⪠ EXECUTE ࠦ
          1
          2
            :
          n
      .

      EXECUTE  ᯮ  ⢥   ᨬ
 祭 ࠦ.
      EXECUTE  ᫥騥    ࠧ 
EXECUTE,  ன 砥 窮  ஬ END.
     , ᫥騥  ஬ EXECUTE 㬥  1  n.
᫨ 祭 ࠦ ࠢ ,   ᯮ   -
. ᫨ 祭 ࠦ ࠢ ,  ᯮ ன -
  ..
     ᫨ 祭 ࠦ  ,    "n",   
ᯮ      EXECUTE.

6.8.  LOOP.

ଠ 1: ⪠ LOOP
                  
               .

ଠ 2: ⪠ LOOP 稪 TIMES
                  
               .

ଠ 3: ⪠ LOOP i = 砫쭮 TO 筮 BY 蠣
                  
               .

ଠ 4: ⪠ LOOP UNTIL ᪮ ࠦ
                  
               .

ଠ 5: ⪠ LOOP WHILE ᪮ ࠦ
                  
               .

      LOOP ᯮ  横筮 ᯮ 㯯 -
஢.
       LOOP  ᫥騥     ࠧ  
LOOP,  ன ⬥砥 窮  ஬ END.
       LOOP  CYCLE 頥 ࠢ   -
 LOOP ( 横),   BREAK । ஫ 
 LOOP (蠥  ࠡ).   室 १  
LOOP 뢠 横.

      ଠ  1  横 த   ,    㤥 ࢠ
஬ BREAK  짮⥫.

      ଥ 2 横 த   ,  祭 ७-
 稪 横  ॢ ࠦ . 稪 業


                                  - 32 -

।  横     ࠬ  
横. ᫨ ࠦ ࠢ    ⥫,  ࠡ-
 横 稢.

      ଥ 3 ६ 蠣  १    祭.
"i" 뢠 ६ 横    ⪮ ᫮ -
६.  LOOP 믮 横   祭 ६-
 横,  稭   祭,  㢥稢  直 ࠧ
 稭    ,  i  ⠭   ࠦ-
 (   ⥫쭮 ࠦ )     ( -
⥫쭮 ). ।  横 ६ 横 ᢠ -
 祭,    ।   横  ࠢ  
ࠦ,   ᫥  横 㢥稢  稭 . -
ࠦ ,     業 直 ࠧ  稨
  뫪. ᫨  饭,   ਭ ࠢ .

      4  5 ।⠢ ᮡ ᫮ 横. ।  横-
 業       横 த  LOOP
WHILE  㤥   LOOP UNTIL  㤥 .

     ࠦ   ଥ 3     ଠ 4 
5 ஢   砫 横.  ⨬ ⨣ ,    
 横   ᯮ, ᫨ ⨣ ᫮ -
 横.

6.9.  CYCLE.

⪠ CYCLE

      CYCLE 蠥 ⥪  横   ।  -
ࠢ   砫 横.
      CYCLE  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮      LOOP.

6.10.  BREAK.

⪠ BREAK

      BREAK 蠥 ⥪   ।  ࠢ
ࢮ , ᫥饬  ன LOOP.
       BREAK  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮    LOOP.

6.11.  RETURN.

⪠ RETURN(ࠦ)

      RETURN । ࠢ  ணࠬ,  楤 
㭪樨  뢠襬 .
     ࠬ   ᯮ  㭪  । -
頥 祭.   "᭮ 楤" ਢ  -
 ࠡ ணࠬ.

6.12.  RESTART.

⪠ RESTART(楤)


                                  - 33 -

      RESTART ୮ ᪠ ணࠬ  楤,  㪠-
 ࠬ஬ .
      ୮  ᪠  砥  ᥡ ८। -
 楤 ணࠬ  ᫥ । ࠢ   -
  ࠧ CODE  ᭮ 楤.
     ᭮ 楤 ணࠬ ᮤন  ᯮ塞  -
 ணࠬ. ᯮ  RETURN  ᭮ 楤 -
  襭 ࠡ ணࠬ.  筮, ᭮ 楤ன -
 ࠧ CODE  PROGRAM.
     ࠬ  㪠뢠  ᭮ 楤    
।⠢ ᮡ   PROCEDURE  PROGRAM.
     ᫨ ࠬ  饭,  ᭮ 楤  -
     ணࠬ ⢫  楤,  
।  ⢥ ᭮  騩 .
        ணࠬ  ৠ㦠 ணࠬ   -
뢠 ᮤন ६.   RESTART  ᯥ稢  
室  맮  楤.

6.13.  STOP.

⪠ STOP(ᮮ饭)

      STOP  ਮ⠭  ࠡ ணࠬ  믮
⫠.
     ᫨ ࠡ  ணࠬ ⢫   ,  
 STOP ࠦ  ⫠稪 .
     ࠬ   -    ⠭   ப
ࠦ, ஥ ࠦ   ⫠稪.
      ணࠬ,   ࠡ    ࠢ ᯮ饩 ⥬
(CRUN)    ࠭᫨஢ ணࠬ,  ࠡ  ⥬  DOS,
 STOP ࠦ    ⠭ (stop window).
     ᫨  饭,    ⠭  ⫠稪 -
 "NO REASON GIVEN" (稭  㪠).

6.14.  CALL.

⪠ CALL(ணࠬ)

      CALL ᯮ  ணࠬ Clarion.
      ணࠬ, ࠡ  ࠢ   ᯮ-
饩 ⥬   (CRUN)   CALL 뢠  䠩  뢠
ࠧ  ணࠬ  䠩   $Tx.tmp,  ࠧ頥 
⥪饬 ⠫.    ⥬  CALL 㦠  ᯮ 
ணࠬ  ⠭ 䠩 $Tx.tmp   ६,    
⠥ १.
     ࠬ  -  ६    ப  ⠭,
ᮤঠ  뢠 ணࠬ. ᫨ ॡ㥬  䠩
 ,   ࠡ ணࠬ 蠥   뤠祩  ᮮ饭  
訡.
      ࠭᫨஢ ணࠬ,  ࠡ    ࠢ  DOS
 CALL   뢠   䠩,  뢠 ࠧ   䠩
$Tx.tmp  ⥪饬 ⠫  頥  樮  ⥬.
⥬   CALL 㦠   ப,  㪠
६ । COMSPEC  ᯮ ࠬ      ⢥


                                  - 34 -

 DOS.      襭 ணࠬ  RUN ⠭
䠩 $Tx.tmp.  ࠭᫨஢ ணࠬ  CALL  RUN -
.
     ,  ஬ CALL  뢠 ୮  ⮬-
᪨.

6.15.  CHAIN.

⪠ CHAIN(ணࠬ)

      CHAIN  蠥  ࠡ  ணࠬ   ᯮ 
ணࠬ Clarion.
      ணࠬ, ࠡ  ࠢ   ᯮ-
饩 ⥬ (CRUN)   CHAIN 蠥 믮   ண-
ࠬ  ᯮ  ணࠬ,    ६,   -
 १.
     ࠬ  -  ६  ப ⠭, -
ঠ ᯥ䨪 ୮ 䠩 ணࠬ,    
 ᯮ.
      ࠭᫨஢ ணࠬ,  ࠡ  । DOS,  
CHAIN ॡ ᯮ짮 䠩 CHAIN.COM.  CHAIN 蠥
ࠡ ணࠬ,  頥  樮 ⥬    
㪠 CHAIN.COM  ᯮ .  ⥬  CHAIN -
   ப, 㪠 ६ । COMSPEC 
ᯮ ࠬ   ⢥  DOS.

6.16.  RUN.

⪠ RUN()

       RUN ᯮ  DOS.
     ࠬ  ஥⠢ ᮡ ६, ப -
⠭  ப ࠦ, ᮤঠ饥  DOS.  ᯮ-
 ⠪,   ᫨   뫠    ப DOS, -
⥬ ࠢ ।   ணࠬ ,  ᫥饬 
 ஬ RUN.
      RUN 뢠  䠩,  뢠 ࠧ  ண-
ࠬ  䠩 $Tx.tmp,   室  ⥪饬 ⠫  -
頥       樮 ⥬.  ⥬ 
RUN 㦠   ப,  㪠 ६ ।
COMSPEC    ᯮ   ப.   襭 ᯮ
  RUN  ⠭  䠩  $Tx.tmp    
ணࠬ.
      䠩,   RUN,   ୮ .
      ॡ, ⮡  뫠 饭  , 
 ⤠.  ᫨ 䠩 $Tx.tmp      㧨,  
ࠡ ணࠬ  蠥  뤠祩 ᮮ饭.  ᫨  DOS
㦥 १⭠   ணࠬ,   䠩 $Tx.tmp  
 १㦥    ᠬ   ࠡ ணࠬ 㤥 -
襭.


                                  - 35 -

7.   p  p.
        뢠 pp  㭪樨,  p p-
  p  p   䨧᪨ p⢠.
     p ﭭ   ⮡p  ᮤp    
p 80   25 p.  ᮤp 2   
 樨    p.     ᮤp ᨬ,
p   p,   p㣮  ᮤp  p,
p騩 梥, p栭, p  ..

7.1. pp SHOW.

⪠ SHOW(p, ⮫, p, p)

     pp SHOW  pp  pp    ᮮ⢥⢨ 
pp   뢠 pp p   ,
㪠  p pp   .
      - ⢥ 室 pp; , p
⠢     ,      ⮣,  ⮡
㪠  pp 饭.
     ᫨ 饭 pp ,    ⮣ pp p
p,  p 뫠 ᫥ p. 筮  饭
pp .
     ᫨  饭  pp  ,     pp  
pp, ᫨    室,   p  p  
᢮ .
     ᫨ pp      室  p ,
pp SHOW pp.
     ᫨ pp  p  ᫨誮        㬥頥 
p p,   ᥪ.

7.2. pp LOOK.

⪠ LOOK(p, , p, p)

     pp LOOK pp ( ᮮ⢥⢨  pp -
)  p , 㪠 pp   -
  p頥 p  pp .
     pp      p⠢ ᮡ ᫮ p-
,  pp  -  ᫥ p.
     易⥫묨  pp   , -
,    pp ,    ⠪ -
室  祭 饭 pp.
     ᫨ 饭 pp ,   ⠭  p, 
p 뫠      ᫥  p.   筮    饭
pp .
     ᫨ pp      室  p ,
pp LOOK pp.

7.3. pp BLANK.

⪠ BLANK(p p, p ⮫, p, ⮫)

     pp BLANK 㭨⮦ p  pאַ㣮쭮  
p p.
     pp      p⠢ ᮡ -


                                  - 36 -

 p,    p騥    p孥  㣫
pאַ㣮쭨.
     pp     ⠪  ᫮묨 pﬨ
 p   p pאַ㣮쭨.
      砥,   ᫨  pp 饭  室  p,  
pᢠ 祭 譨 pp p (1, 1, 25, 80).
     ᫨     ⨢ p (⠭-
 pp SETHUE),   㤥 ᠭ     -
 樨.   p   p訢 pאַ㣮쭨  梥
䮭 p.
     ᫨    ⨢ p,   p 
  .

7.4. pp SCROLL.

     SCROLL(p p, p , p, , 稪)

     pp SCROLL pp稢 pאַ㣮   p.
     pp     ,      㪠뢠
p孨  㣮 pאַ㣮쭨.
     pp       p   p pאַ-
쭨.
     饭   室騥  p pp ⠭ 
譨 pp p (1, 1, 25, 80).
     pp SCROLL  砥  楫᫥  祭   pp
, p饥  p  稭 pp⪨.   ᮫⭮
祭 稪   ⠭  稭 pp⪨.   稪
p p  pp⪨.   ⥫    p  
pp⪨ p,  ..  p  p,  室騥  p
pאַ㣮쭨 㤥 p p, p祬 p孨 p 
祧, ᭨       p.  p⥫쭮 祭
稪 p  pp⪥ ,  .. p  p, -
    p  pאַ㣮쭨 㤥 p ,  p祬
 p窨 祧,  p   p窨.
     ᫨ pp   饭,    稭 室  -
⨬ p,  㬮砭 ⠭ pp⪠ p  
p.

7.5. pp ASK.

p 1: ⪠ ASK
p 2: ⪠ ASK(p, ⮫, p, p)

     pp   ASK  뢠  ⨥       p
  p.
     ᯮ짮 p 1 pp ASK p    -
  .    뤠 㭪 KEYCODE().
     p 2 pp ASK   p樨   .
     pp      p⠢ ᮡ ᫮ p-
,  pp    p.
     pp  pp   ᮮ⢥⢨    pp
      뢠     p    pp
p  㠧 p  ⮫.     p  ᢥ稢
pp,  pp ASK ,  pp 믮 .  


                                  - 37 -

  祭,  p頥  p.
     ᫨ 饭 pp ,  p 祭 p,  -
p 뫠 ᫥ 뫪.  ᫨ 饭 pp ,  p-
 祭  ⮫,   p 뫠 ᫥ 뫪.  ᫨
pp    室  ⨬  p,   pp
ASK pp.
        p蠥 ⨥  ENTER.    p
 (  p  p) ⠪  p, 
p  (+),  p  (-).
      㪠 ⥫  p襭   ᯮ-
 pp ALERT.  㭪 KEYCODE()  뤠   p-
.

7.6. pp ALERT.

p 1: ⪠ ALERT( )
p 2: ⪠ ALERT(  , p孨  )
p 3: ⪠ ALERT

     pp ALERT 砥    ⮢.
      ⮢  稢  pp  ASK     
pp      p蠥  pp     
p USE  pp p REQ.
      ⮢   ᯮ    ᯮ  p楤p  
p  p.
      p  1 pp   p ⢥ 
⮢.
      p  2  pp         
㪠뢠 ,  騩  ᥡ   ⮢  (
砥     p孨  ).
     p 3    ⮢.
        㪠    16    ⮢,   
 ⮢; ⮣ ᫥騥 pp ALERT (p p  3)
pp.

7.7. pp ALIAS.

⪠ ALIAS( ,   )

     pp ALIAS     ,  p pp p
⨥ .    樨  (⠪  Shift
-F1, Alt-A      Ctrl-End)  p뢠   p᫥ 
"  "  p .
     pp  , 騩 , p p⮨ -
, ᮤp饥  祭        .
᫨ ⮦⢥ 祭  ,  pp ALIAS pp.
     pp    -    祭    ,
p  pp p ⨨  .
     pp   ᥣ ⭮  p砫쭮 祭
 .  ⮬,  p pp ALIAS  
 ⮣  pp   頥 p   .
     pp      ᮮ⢥⢮ 祭 -
     . 祭    799  999
  䨪p 祭 , ⮬,   ᯮ짮


                                  - 38 -

 ⢥    .     ⮣,   ⮡  ᯮ짮  
pp ASK  ACCPT,    ᠭ  ᫥饬 pp
ALERT.

7.8. pp HELP.

p 1: ⪠ HELP( 䠩, )
p 2: ⪠ HELP(, )
p 3: ⪠ HELP( 䠩)
p 4: ⪠ HELP

     pp HELP p뢠 䠩 ᪠稪, 뢠  ᪠-
稪,  p  ᪠稪.
     pp     p⠢  ᮡ p ⠭ 
p  ᮤp ᯥ䨪 䠩 ᪠稪.
     pp , p騩  ᪠稪  䠩 ᪠稪
p⠢ p ⠭⮩,   p   8 ᨬ-
.
      ᪠稪 ᮤp  ᪠稪, ᮧ ⨫⮩
Helper.    p 믮 pp ASC  ACCEPT ⨢ 
᪠稪   뢥  p ⨥  F1 (
"᪠稪").    ⮦ p   p  䠩 -
稪,  ⨢  ⮫쪮   ᪠稪.
     p 1  pp  HELP  p뢠 㪠 䠩 ᪠稪 
뢠 㪠   䠩.   2 뢠  㪠    
p⮬ 䠩 ᪠稪. p 3 p뢠 㪠 䠩 ᪠-
稪. p  4 p ⨢  ᪠稪  p⮬  䠩

7.9. pp IDLE.

p 1: ⪠ IDLE( p楤p, p)
p 2: ⪠ IDLE()

     p 1 pp IDLE pp蠥 p楤p p,  p -
뢠,  pp ASK     .
     pp       p⠢  ᮡ    pp
PROCEDURE   ⠪ pp pp PROC  pp  
( pp   室  pp OVERLAY).
     pp  -  楫 ᫮,  㪠뢠饥  쭮
p p   (  ᥪ㭤)     뢠 p楤p IDLE.  
pp   ,   p 1.  ᫨ pp 
饭,  祭 p p 1.
     p 2 pp IDLE p p楤p IDLE    ⥬,   ⮡
pp ASK  ACCEPT   맢 p楤p IDLE.

7.10. pp SETCURCOR.

p 1: ⪠ SETCUCOR(p, ⮫)
p 2: ⪠ SETCURCOR

     p 1 pp SETCURCOR 砥 pp  樨, 㪠
pp   .
     pp SETCURCOR ᯮ  p饭 室 p-
樨, pᠭ    p  CON  (p).   pp TYPE


                                  - 39 -

p p p CON.    ᪠ ᫥
᪠,   室    ⠪ p  p-
⢮ CON pp,  ᯮ塞 pp RUN; ⥬ ᮧ  DOS
䠩    p⮬  NAME(`CON`);      pp  REPORT 
p⮬ DEVICE(`CON`).
     p 2 pp SETCURCOR 몫砥 pp.

7.11. pp TYPE.

⪠ TYPE( ⨯ STRING)

     pp TYPE 뫠 pp STRING  ⠭p⭮ p⢮
뢮 (STDOUT).  STDOUT -  p⢮ CON, ᫨  p -
. p⢮  CON -  p. pp STRING -  p-
 ⠭, p  p.
        p  ⥪饩 樨 pp.  -
 pp   㪠 pp SETCURSOR.
     p⢮ CON  pᯮ  ᨬ  p p⪨,  p
p, p⠫쭮  ⠡樨  p    㤠.   
p p,    ᫠   p⢮ CON p pp 
᫥ p   p,     ⨣ p 25. 
p p,  ᫠  p⢮ CON  ,   pp
室  25 p p  pp⪥ p  1  25    
p p.

7.12. pp SETHUE.

p 1: ⪠ SETHUE(梥 ᨬ, 梥 䮭, p)
p 2: ⪠ SETHUE

     pp SETHUE ᫥  ⥬,  p    
 p.  pp  ,     - 
p p ⠭, 騥  ᥡ  p.
      p  ᮤp  p塨⮢    梥 ᨬ,
p塨⮢  梥 䮭,     ᨫ.  ,
ᨫ    梥  ᨬ  p  p,    p,
pp  ,  p    p   0    31.
pp    室  p  1  7,  pp
 -  1  15.
     p 1  pp SETHUE  ᮮ⢥⢨  㪠ﬨ pp
     뢠    p.   ᫥騥
pp, p    p      ᨬ p
p ⨢  p  ᮮ⢥騥 樨 -
p  .  易⥫ pp   -
 p, ᯮ㥬 p  梥 p.
     pp        ᪠,  ,  ᫨
㪠   ,   p㣮    ⠪  㪠.
     p 2  pp SETHUE ⪫砥  p,  ⠪ 
᫥騥 pp,  p騥 ᨬ    
p⮢  .

7.13. pp BLINK.

⪠ BLINK


                                  - 40 -

     pp BLINK  p ⨢ p ⥬ -
   .
     ᫥騥 ᨬ,   p  p  뭥
. pp  NORMAL ⠭  ⨢  p
  祭, ⠭ ᫥ pp SETHUE. pp
BLINK pp,  ᫨     ᯮ      pp
SETHUE.

7.14. pp ENHANC.

⪠ ENHANC

     pp ENHANC  p ⨢ p ⥬ -
祭   ᨫ.  ᫥騥 ᨬ, p  -
p  ᨫ (⠭  p).  pp NORMAL -
  ⨢ p   祭, ⠭
᫥ pp SETHUE.  pp ENHANCE pp,  ᫨ 
   ᯮ   pp SETHUE.

7.15. pp REVERSE.

⪠ REVERSE

    pp REVERSE p ⨢ p ⥬ p-
 ⠬ ⮢     .     ᨫ
p ⮬  묨.  ᫥騥 ᨬ, p 
  p  pp᭮ (p⭮)  p-
.
     pp NORMAL  ⠭   ⨢ p 
 祭,  ⠭ ᫥ pp SETHUE.   pp
REVERSE pp,   ᫨     ᯮ   pp
SETHUE.

7.16. pp NORMAL.

⪠ NORMAL

     pp NORMAL ⠭  ⨢  p  
 祭   ⠭  ᫥ pp SETHUE.  pp
NORMAL "⬥" pp BLANK,  ENHANCE,     REVERSE.   pp
NORMAL pp,    ᫨     ᯮ   pp
SETHUE.

7.17. pp COLOR.

⪠ COLOR(p p, p ⮫, p, ⮫)

     pp COLOR 뢠 ⨢ p,   ⠭
pp SETHUE    pאַ㣮쭨  p.
     pp      㪠뢠 p孨 
㣮 ⮣ pאַ㣮쭨.
     pp       p   p pאַ-
쭨.
      砥,   ᫨  pp  饭,   p ⨬


                                  - 41 -

p  祭 p p묨  pp p (1,  1,
25, 80).
     pp COLOR p訢 pאַ㣮쭨  p -
 pp BLANK,    ⫨稨  ᫥  㭨⮦ ᨬ
 p.  pp COLOR pp, ᫨     ᯮ
  pp SETHUE.

7.18.  p⮢.
      p⮢  ᯮ    㪠  祭 -
p⮢  .    p  p
 梥/p᪨ p.
      p⮢  p p:

      梥 ᨬ           梥 䮭

         0 - p               0-6 - p
         1 -  ᭮         7 - 
       2-7 - 
         8 - p
     10-15 - p-

        ᨬ 16 p  .

      p⮢  梥⭮/p᪮ p:

0 - p                        8 - p
1 - 㡮                       9 - ᢥ⫮-㡮
2 -                       10 - ᢥ⫮-
3 - 樠 (-㡮)    11 - 樠 ᢥ
4 - p                      12 - ᢥ⫮-p
5 - cp                    13 - ᢥ⫮-p
6 - p筥                   14 - 
7 -                         15 - p-

      梥 䮭    0  7.
      16   梥 ᨬ p  .

7.19. pp PALETTE.

p 1: PALETTE
p 2: PALETTE(p ⨯ STRING)

     pp PALETTE ⠭  p,  p p⠢-
 ᪨    梥,  㪠 䨧᪨
梥⮢,     롮p 梥  p 믮 .
     p 1 pp PALETTE p p쭮 ⮡p 梥-
⮢.
      p 2, pp STRING -  ⠭  p 
32 ,    p  ᯮ  ⢥ ᨢ   -
p ᮤp p 梥 몠 Clarion ( 1  31).    梥,
⠭ pp SETHUE  p p⠬ HUE  SEL
㢥稢  1  ᯮ  ⢥ ᪨ ᮢ, -
頥   ᨢ STRING.  ᫥騥    p
 ᯮ짮    ⮡p  梥    p  -


                                  - 42 -

p⮢.
     ᫨ pp STRING ᮤp    32  ⮢,   ᯮ
⮫쪮 p  32 .  ᫨ pp STRING ᮤp  32 -
⮢, 騥    p ⠭  ᮮ⢥-
騬 祭  㬮砭.
      䮭    0  7 ,  ⮬,  ᯮ짮
 樨  1  8 ᨢ STRING. , 樨  1  8 -
 STRING   ᯮ짮  ⮣,  ⮡ p⠢ 
梥    0  31. ⮬,  p 믮 , -
ᥬ 㤥   梥⮢  8  15,  16 㤥    
梥⮢  16  23  24 -  24  31.

7.20. 㭪 REFER.

     REFER()

     㭪 REFER()  뤠 楫᫥  ("⨭")   -
砥, ᫨   ᫥        뫪,     
(""), ᫨   ⠪  뫮.  ⠥,     뫠,
  p  ᨬ p, , ᫨ p -
 . ,    ᫠,    , ᫨
pp p    ᠬ .

7.21. 㭪 KEYCODE.

     KEYCODE()

     㭪   KEYCODE  뤠        ᫥  ⮩
  p p pp ASK  ACCERT.

7.22. 㭪 KEYBOARD.

     KEYBOARD()

     㭪 KEYBOARD 뤠 楫᫥  , ᫨ 㯨-
 ᮮ饭  ⨨   p;  p⨢ 砥  -
 .

7.23. 㭪 FOREHUE.

     FOREHUE(p, ⮫)

     㭪 FOREHUE() 뤠 祭  p ᨬ 
樨  p, 㪠 pp   .
     뤠 祭 -  楫  ᫮   0   31.
     ᫨ pp     室      祭,
㭪 FOREHUE() 뤠 .

7.24. 㭪 BACKAHUE.

     BACKAHUE(p, ⮫)

     㭪 BACKAHUE()   뤠 祭  p 䮭 
樨  p, 㪠 pp   .


                                  - 43 -

     뤠 祭  -   楫 ᫮  0  7.
     ᫨ pp        室   祭,
㭪 BACKHUE() 뤠 0.


                                  - 44 -

8. p⪠ p.
     p ᪠ -  p p ᨬ, p⮢
 室  뢥  p. p ᪠ 
 , p pp뢭 ᢥ稢  p.
     pp p    Clarion  -  ⮡p p ᪨ 
. pp    p  ᮤp  pp,    뢠騥
p ᨬ, p   . 樮 p-
 ᯮ  p ⮭宦   ⠢  
p  p.

8.1. pp SCREEN.

⪠ SCREEN

     pp SCREEN 뢠 p .  砥 pp
SCREEN  p㣨 ᫥騥   pp,    㤥  p襭
窮  pp END.
     ⪠ pp SCREEN ᯮ p묨 pp OPEN 
CLOSE.
     pp SCREEN ᮤp pp, p 뢠 p-
 ᨬ (STRING),  p (PAINT)   室  (ENTRY,
TEXT, MENU,  POINT, PAUSE). 樮 p (ROW  COL) - p-
⠢ ᮡ   p⥫ pp ( OF  pp CASE),
p 㪠뢠  p  ⮫  p.   HUE,
BLK, ENH   REV -  p pp, 騥 祭  -
⮢ p⮢ .
     pp SCREEN  p뢠  ⨢p pp OPEN,  
p뢠 pp CLOSE. p ⨢   ⮫쪮
 pp  SCREEN.  p  p楤p,  p뢠饩 pp
SCREEN ⮬᪨ p뢠 pp SCREEN.
     pp SCREEN  p WINDOW (뢠 )  뢠-
 " p".   p뢠  p,   p㣨
p p p뢠.

8.2. p WINDOW.

    WINDOW(p, ⮫)

     p WINDOW  pp  SCREEN 㪠뢠,   p ᪠
p⠢ ᮡ .
      ⫨稥   p,  p p⨨ p p뢠
p㣨 p ,  "p⠭" ⥪騩 ⨢ p.
 p뢠   ,  p pp SCREEN "⠭"
(⨢p  ⠭ 㯭),   "" 
ᯠᠥ,    p뢠 (⠭ ⨢  㯭). p
p⨨ ,    ⠭,     p⠭
pp p p⨢p.
     pp    p⠢  ᫮묨  ⠭⠬,
p p pp .  p  p 祭  1
 25,  ⮫  1  80.
     pp OPEN ⠥ p  ⠪ p,  ⮡ 
 p뢠 p  ⮫,  p 뫠 ᫥ 뫪. ᫨
 ᫮ ⨣,   p  p,  p
뫠 ᫥ 뫪.  ᫨    ⨬쭮    뢠  
ᢥp,  ᭨,  pᯮ  業p  p 1  25.


                                 - 45 -

     ⮫ 1  頥  ⮫,   p 뫠  ᫥
뫪. ᫨ p ⮬   뢠  pp p,  ᤢ-
 ,   p  ᫥ ⮫  ᮢ  ⮫-
殬 80 p.

8.3. p .

     (p, ⮫)

     p      ᯮ짮 ᮢ⭮  p⮬ WINDOW
pp SCREEN  ⮣, ⮡ "p"   p -
.
     pp       p⠢  ᮡ  楫᫥
⠭    p,   㪠뢠騥    p   ⮫
p孥  㣫 .

8.4. 樮 p.
     pp p  p  p  (p⢠ 
権) p  ⮫殢, p 㪠뢠   p ᫥-
饣 pp pp SCREEN. p砫쭮 p ⠭-
  p 1  ⮫ 1       pp
 pp. ᫨ p pp 뢠 p   10 ᨬ-
,   ⠭ p  p 1  ⮫ 1. ᫨ ᫥-
騩 pp  뢠 p   75 ᨬ,  pp -
pp 訡 (..  p窠  75  ᨬ    㬥  
p 稭  11 ⮫).
     樮 p ROW  COL   ᯮ짮  -
 p p  ⮫殢.    pp SCREEN ( -
) p  ⭮  樨  p  -  p孨  
㣮 室  p 1  ⮫ 1,   p 㣮  p窥
25  ⮫ 80.
       (pp SCREEN  p⮬ WINDOW)  p ROW  COL
㪠뢠 p ⭮騥  p孥  㣫 .   ,
᫨    p   p 1    ⮫ 1 p,
pp ROW  COL   ᮮ⢥⢮ "䨧᪨" p⠬
 p.   ⮬ p ROW  COL   pᬠp
 "᪨" p.
     樮 p ROW  COL  p⥫ﬨ pp
 THEN ( pp IF)   OF ( pp CASE). ⥫
pp 稢 pp,  ⠪  樮 p  -
  祭  ⠢ pp.

8.5. 樮 p ROW.

p 1: ROW(p)
p 2: ROW(p, ⮫)
p 3: ROW
p 4: ROW(+  - p)
p 5: ROW(+  - p, ⮫)

     樮 p ROW 㪠뢠   p   ᫥-
饣 pp  pp SCREEN.
     pp ,      -    p  ᫮
⠭, p ᯮ  ⠭ p p  ⮫-
殢.


                                 - 46 -

     p 1  pp  ROW ⠭ p p  pp
,  p ⮫  1.
     p 2  ⠭  p  p   ⮫殢  pp
   ᮮ⢥⢥.
     p 3  㢥稢 p p  1  ⠭ p
⮫  1.
     p 4 㢥稢 (+ p)   㬥蠥 (- p) p
p  稭 pp   ⠭  p  ⮫
 1.
     p 5 㢥稢 (+ p)   㬥蠥 (- p) p
p    稭 pp   ⠭ p ⮫
 pp .

8.6. 樮 p COL(⮫).

p 1: COL(⮫)
p 2: COL(+  - ⮫)

     樮 p  COL 㪠뢠  ⮫  p 
᫥饣 pp  pp SCREEN.
     pp      -  p ᫮ ⠭,
ᯮ㥬  ⠭ p ⮫.
     p 1  p COL ⠭ p ⮫殢  pp
.
     p 2 㢥稢 (+ ⮫)   㬥蠥 (- ⮫) -
p p  稭 pp .

8.7. pp STRING.

p 1: ⪠ STRING()
p 2: ⪠ STRING(p ⠭)
p 3: ⪠ STRING( p)

     pp STRING  pp SCREEN 뢠 p  p  
p p  ⮫.
     p p 뢠 p  ᨬ    .
pp STRING    뢠騩  p  p  ᯮ    
pp p,    pp STRING,  뢠騩  p
p.
      pp  SCREEN    pp  STRING     ᯮ짮
p HUE, BLK, ENH  REV,   pp MENU - p DESC, KEY
 SEL.
      pp  SCREEN p OVER 㭪樮쭮  p-
⠬ ROW  COL,   p DIM  㭪樮쭮  頥  pp
REPEAT.
      p p  p ⮫쪮 ⮣,   p-
p SCREEN   p.   p   p p  p⮩
pp SCREEN  뢠  䥪   祭  p  
p⮩ pp SCREEN -  ᥣ 㫥 p.

8.8. pp PAINT.

     PAINT(p, ⮫)



                                 - 47 -

     pp PAINT p 祭 ⮢ p⮢  -
  pאַ㣮쭨  p.
     pp    -  ᫮ ⠭, 뢠騥
pp ⮣ pאַ㣮쭨.  p孨  㣮 pאַ㣮쭨 -
頥  p p  ⮫.
      pp PAINT 㯮p p HUE  TRN.

8.9. pp ENTRY.

p 1: ENTRY(p)
p 2: ENTRY

     pp ENTRY 뢠 室   p p  ⮫-
殢.
     pp ENTRY       pp ⮪   -
   pp SCREEN.
      pp ENTRY  ᯮ짮 ᫥騥 p:

                BLK        IMM       REV
                ENH        INS       REQ
                ESC        LFT       SEL
                HLP        NUM       UPR
                HUE        OVR       USE

     pp  p⠢ ᮡ  p,  -
騩 p 室 .  p  p,   -
㥬      p⮢    p ᮤp 㪢
,  p   p  p . -
⮬  p @D3,  @D4,  @D7,  @D8  @T3   ᯮ짮-
  ⢥ pp pp ENTRY.
     p 2  pp  ENTRY 뢠 " ⮥" .  ⮥ 
p蠥  .     ᯮ짮   p墠
p pp   p ᪨.

8.10. p LFT.
     p LFT ᯮ   pp  ENTRY      p
p .
      p  p  稭  @S. ᫨ 㪠-
 p   LFT,   p ᫥ p騥 p ᨬ 
p  㤠  p  p  .
     p LFT ⠪  ᯮ짮  pp TEXT  -
᪮ p室   p.

8.11. p UPR.
     p UPR  p   pp ENTRY  p ᨬ
 pp  ᨬ p孥 pp  p .
      p  p  稭  @S. ᫨ 㪠-
 p UPR  p  p       
ᨬ p孥 pp.
     p UPR  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  pp ENTRY.

8.12. p OVR.
     p OVR  pp  ENTRY    p   
p .


                                 - 48 -

     p INS    p      p ⠢ 
  ⮬  ᠬ pp ENTRY pp  OVR.
     ᫨  ᯮ  OVR,  INS,  p   p
p .

8.13. p INS.
     p INS  pp  ENTRY    p   
p ⠢.
     p OVR   p    p   -
pp, ᫨   室      ⮬      p⮬  INS
pp ENTRY.
     ᫨  ᯮ  INS,  OVR,  p   p
p .

8.14. p NUM.
     p  NUM  pp  ENTRY  砥 ᫮ p.
     p   ᫮   p ⠢,  pp 室 
樨 ,   楫   ᤢ     p  
p.

8.15. pp .

     TEXT(p, ⮫)

     pp   뢠  ⥪⮢      p p 
⮫.
     pp     pp ⪨   室
⮫쪮  pp SCREEN.
      pp   㯮p ᫥騥 p:

                BLK        HUE       REQ
                ENH        INS       REV
                ESC        LFT       SEL
                HLP        OVR       UPR

     ⮢  -  p ,  饥 ᪮쪮 p  
 ⮬᪮   p室   ᫥ p  p-
쭮 pp⪮.
     pp    -  ᫮ ⠭,  ᮤp騥
᫮ p  ⮫殢, ⠢ ⥪⮢ .
     p LFT  砥  ⮬᪨  p ᫮  p室 
 p.  ᫨ ᫮  㬥頥  p,  楫 p-
   p (᫮ p    p).
      p , ⥪⮢   ⫨  
 ᢮ USE p (ᠭ p⮬ USE).
      pp⪨ USE p  ⥪⮢  ᯮ  -
: p p-, PgUp, PgDn, Ctrl-PgUp, Ctrl-PgDn.

8.16. pp MENU.

p 1: MENU(p)
p 2: MENU

     Cpp MENU 뢠    p p  ⮫.


                                 - 49 -

     Cpp MENU 砥 pp MENU  pp,  ᫥騥 
      p,     pp    㤥  祭 窮 
pp END.
     pp MENU           pp  ⪨    
p  pp SCREEN.
      pp MENU  㯮p ᫥騥 p:

                      ESC        PRE
                      HLP        REQ
                      IMM        SEL

     C騥 p  ⠪ 㯮p  pp MENU, 
⮫쪮, ᫨  p:

                      BLK        HUE
                      ENH        REV

     Cpp MENU ᮤp  pp  STRING,   p  뢠
㭪 .   p 롮p  MENU,    㭪⮢  뤥
pp p.   짮⥫,  ᯮ  
"p ,  p,  p,  ", Tab, Reverse Tab, Home  End
 뤥 p㣮 㭪 .  Enter 稢  
  뤥塞 㭪 .
     pp  -  p  p @Snn  (
nn -    p).   ⮩ p pp MENU 뤥 㭪
 p  p p  ⮫    ,   㪠
 p.
      p 1  2 p p襭   USE p  ⠭-
  祭, p  p p  ⮫.
         p  ᯮ짮 㭪  CHOICE()   
뤠 ⭮⥫쭮   㭪 .

8.17. pp PAUSE.

     PAUSE(p STRING)

     pp PAUSE  뢠    p p  ⮫-
.
      pp PAUSE    pp ⪨    -
室 ⮫쪮  pp SCREEN.
     pp STRING -   p,  p ⠭,
ᮤp ᮮ饭, p 뢮  p p 롮p  -
.
      pp PAUSE  ᯮ짮 ᫥ p⮢:

                USE        HUE       REV
                ESC        BLK
                HLP        ENH

     p 롮p  PAUSE pp STRING  p    p
p    ⮫.   짮⥫  ⥬   Esc 
"p "  ⮣,  ⮡ p p饥 ,    
p     p襭  PAUSE.     pp
STRING p  p.


                                 - 50 -

      PAUSE  뤠 祭 USE p. (㭪 KEYCODE()
뤠 ⨥ , p p訫  PAUSE).

8.18. p USE.

p 1: USE(p)
p 2: USE()

     p USE ᯮ  pp ENTRY, TEXT, MENU, PAUSE 
POINT  p p,   p  ⢫    
p /  ⠭ ⪨, p .
     p 1 p USE ᭠ pp ENTRY,   TEXT    MENU
 p,    p ⢫   p.  
p 뢠 USE p.   p        pp
ACCE ⠭ USE p 祭,    p
 p   .   ᯮ짮 p 1 p USE
ﬨ PAUSE,    POINT        pp ENTRY ( pp
p).
     p 1 p USE ⠪ ⠭ pp  
   p  p ᫥ USE  pp.   pp
 ⪠   p  ⭮⥫쭮 p   pp SCREEN 
⮣, ⮡  ᨬ 뫪  p .
     p 2  p  USE ⠭ pp   
ᠭ USE p.  pp  -  pp  ⪠
- p⥫ ,  p ᫥ ⪠.
      pp ENTRY (  pp  p),   POINT  
PAUSE   p 祭 USE.   ᮧ ᨬ᪮ 뫪
  㪠 USE p  ⨬ pp   ᯮ짮-
 p 2 p USE.

8.19. p REQ.
     p REQ 砥  ENTRY, TEXT, MENU  POINT  易-
⥫.
     易⥫쭮 p     ,  易⥫쭮
᫮    -  㫥.   p     樨 p 
p,    ᫮  - 㫥  pp騩 ᨣ  
    稭  .   ⨥  Esc   p㣮
pp ᨬ ( p p  p   -
  ᫮ ) p  ﭨ.
      ᯮ짮 REQ  pp PAUSE.

8.20. p ESC.

     ESC()

     p ESC  ENTRY, TEXT, MENU, PAUSE  POINT 砥 -
, p 㤥 롨p p ⨨  ESC.
      pp     p    p  ᫮
⠭, ᮤp騬 p , 筮 p⠢ p
 ⪮.
     ⨥   ESC 筮 p  롮p p饣  
᫥⥫쭮,    p    ᠭ    pp  SCREEN.
p ESC   ᫥⥫쭮   ᯥ稢 -
p⨢ pp p.



                                 - 51 -

8.21. p DESC.

     DESC(p STRING)

     p DESC pp STRING  pp MENU ᯮ  
㪠 㭨쭮 ᮮ饭, 饣  p p 롮p -
 .
     pp STRING  -   p  p ⠭,  -
p ᮮ饭,  p   p  p p
 ⮫ pp  pp MENU.

8.22. p HLP.

     HLP()

     p HLP  ᯮ    pp SCREEN,  ENTRY,  MENU,
PAUSE  POINT  ᠭ  ᪠稪.
      ᪠稪   ᮧ   ᨫ⥫쭮   Helper      
p  p p ⨨  ᪠稪 (F1).
     pp  -  p  p ⠭, ᮤp-
 pp 䨪p  p⮣ 䠩 ᪠稪.
     pp HELP  ᯮ    p 䠩 ᪠稪,  
p HLP ⨢p  ᪠稪  ⮬ 䠩 ᪠稪  
 .

8.23. p IMM.
     p IMM ᯮ  pp ENTRY  MENU  ᠭ
p⢥ 室 .
       p⢥ 室  p蠥     -
 ᨬ.
     ⮡    p⢥  室      
p㣮 樨  ᯮ짮  Enter  "p ".
       p⢥   稢 p   -
p ᨬ,    ⮦⢥  p  ᨬ  p  
p KEY.

8.24. p KEY.

     KEY( )

     p KEY pp SNRING  pp MENU  ᯮ  
ᠭ "祢 ᨬ"  㭪 .
     롮p 㭪  ⢫         p
ᨬ, ᮢ饣   祢 ᨬ 㭪 .    
 Z  ⢨⥫  ᬥ pp.
     pp       p⠢ p ⠭-
⮩, 饩   ᨬ  ᮤp饩 "祢 ᫮"; 楫-
᫥ ⠭⮩,     p⠢饩    ;    ⪮
p, ᮤp饩 ⨬ ᫮  .
          㭪     p 㪢,
롨p ᫥騩  ⥪騬  ᠭ ᫥⥫쭮  㭪
.



                                 - 52 -

8.25. p HUE.

p 1: HUE(ᨬ, 䮭, p)
p 2: HUE(ᨬ, 䮭)

     p HUE  뢠    p,   ᯮ㥬   
pp SCREEN.
     pp ,    -  ᫮ ⠭, ᮤp-
騥  p⮢.
     p 1 p HUE ᯮ  pp SCREEN   -
  p  p ᪨ 楫.
     ᫨  pp SCREEN  p HUE,     p
楫 ᯮ     p,   室騩  p 1,
⮫ 1.
     p 2  p HUE ᯮ  pp PAINT,  STRING,
ENTRY, TEXT, MENU  PAUSE   ⮢ p ⠭-
 pp SCREEN.

8.26. p BLK.
     p BLK  ᯮ짮    pp  STRING,   ENTRY,
TEXT, MENU  PAISE, ⮡ p , p    -
p .

8.27. p ENH.
     p ENH   ᯮ짮  pp  STRING, ENTRY,
TEXT, MENU  PAUSE   ᨫ p ,  p 
  p.

8.28. p REV.
     p REV ᯮ   梥⮢ ᨬ   䮭  
, p    p.  p p 뢠-
 pp (p) p.

8.29. p SEL.

     SEL(ᨬ, 䮭)

     p SEL ᯮ   梥 ᨬ  䮭,  -
 , ⥪,   㪠⥫ p  롮p.
      p㣮  p,   p   ⠭      
pp SCREEN,    PAINT  STRING p⠭  梥,
ᠭ pp p SEL.
     ࠬ  p⠢ ᫮ ⠭⮩ ( p  0
 31),  ᮤp騩  ,   ᨫ    梥    ᨬ
p .
     pp  p⠢ ᫮ ⠭⮩ ( p  0 
7), ᮤp騩  梥 䮭  p .

8.30. p TRN.
     p  TRN  ᯮ    pp  PAINT    SCREEN
 ᠭ pp筮 pאַ㣮쭨  p.

8.31. p REPEAT.



                                 - 53 -

     REPEAT(, p)

     p REPEAT 뢠 p p / , p 
p  p ᪥.
      砥   pp   REPEAT     p㣨  ᫥騥    
pp,  稢 窮  pp END.
     pp REPEAT      pp ⪨   -
 ⮫쪮  pp SCREEN.
      pp  REPEAT   ᯮ짮 p EVERY,  INDEX,
PRE.
      pp  pp REPEAT p⭮ p ,
p     p  p.  , p ⨢-
   ⮫쪮  p pp.
      p -  ᫮ p,  p  砥
⨢ p.  p INDEX pp REPEAT p⠢ 
p, p 㦭 ᯮ짮   p.
     pp    p⠢ ᫮묨 ⠭⠬, -
p騬 ᫮ p,  p   p   
p p. ᫨   pp 饭,  p p
1.
     pp REPEAT       樮 p ROW 
COL  p p  ⮫.  p p  pp
 pp REPEAT 頥   p p  ⮫.
     p EVERY pp  REPEAT  㪠뢠    ᫥
p,  ᫮ p  p  ⮫殢.
     Use p    p塞     p⠢
p ᨢ    ᫮  ⮢    p饭
 p . p㣨 ᫮,  p塞  pp
p DIM USE p     p p
pp     pp REPEAT.  p 室  p塞
  p p     ᨢ  USE  -
⢫ .
     p 室  p塞   p 㢥稢 
⮣, ⮡    뫮 p ᫥饥 p  .  p
p襭 ᮬ p  ᨬ쭮 祭 (p-
 pp    )    롨p ᫥騥 .
筮 ⮬,  ⨥  Esc  p  㬥蠥 -
 p     ⮣,  ⮡ p   p饥 -
p. ⨥   Esc  p p p塞 
p  롮p p饣   .

8.32. p EVERY.

     EVERY(p, ⮫)

     p EVERY pp REPEAT 㪠뢠 ᫮ p   ⮫殢
  p p塞 p  . pp -
   -  ᫮ ⠭,  ᮤp騥 p p 
⮫殢  pᯮ p塞 .

8.33. p INDEX.

     INDEX(p)



                                 - 54 -

     p INDEX  pp  REPEAT   p,  p
㤥 ᯮ짮  ⢥  p.
     pp   -  ⪠ ᫮ p.  ᪮
ᨬ쭮 祭   p p 2000 (25  80),
 筮  p 뢠 pp BYTE  SHORT.
      p ᯮ  ,  㪠뢠騩 ⨢
p p塞 p  .  祭 1 ⨢p p
p,    祭  p  p  pp  pp
REPEAT ⨢p   ᫥ p.  ᫨  p -
,  室  ⨬ p  p p 1.

8.34. pp POINT.

     POINT(p, ⮫)

     pp POINT 뢠  㪠⥫,  p 稭  
p p     ⮫.
      pp POINT    pp ⪨    -
室 ⮫쪮   pp SCREEN  筮 ᯮ  pp
REPEAT.
      pp  POINT  ᯮ짮 p USE,  REQ,  ESC,
PRE  HLP.
      㪠⥫    짮⥫      -
p.   p pp ᪠ 롮p p⢮ pp᭮
p ᨬ  .
     pp    -  ᫮ ⠭, 㪠뢠騥
pp ᪨ 롮p  p  ⮫.  ᫨ pp 饭, 
p  .
     p孨   㣮 ᪨ 롮p 稭  p p
 ⮫     p    ,   㪠  pp
pp REPEAT  p EVERY.   p饭 ᪨ 롮p 
 p 짮⥫ ᯮ  "p  p,
, , p", Tab, Reverse Tab, Home  End.  Enter -
p蠥        ⠭    p    㭪
CHOICE()   ᪨ 롮p.
     p饭 ᪨ 롮p  p pp REPEAT 蠬
"p p,    ",   Tab  Reverse  Tab p蠥   ,
p祬  p ⠭  ᫥ ,   -
p 뫠 뫪,   㭪 CHOICE()  ⠭  .  p
ᯮ짮 p REQ  祭  ᫥  "p᪮"  ᢥp
, ᭨ p,  ᫥  p,   p  ᫥ -
樨.
        ,       "p p" 
  Esc, 롨p ⮬᪨   p饥 .
 ⥪⮢    "p p" p頥 pp  p
p, ⥬  pp稢 USE p p⨪쭮,   㤥
⨣ p p窠,       Esc.
     pp   "  "  p      㪠⥫
pp    㦥 ⢫ pp⪠  p p.  ⮬
⢨  "p p"  Esc   ⮬-
.     㭪   p  p p-
p    㪠⥫  p  ᯮ짮  ᫮  pp
SELECT(?-1).



                                 - 55 -

8.35. pp OPEN.

⪠ OPEN(p)

     pp OPEN  p뢠 pp  SCREEN.
     pp   -    ⪠  p  pp  SCREEN  
EXTERNAL.
     pp OPEN ⠪ ᯮ  pp REPORT,   DOS  
FILE.
     p ⮫쪮  pp SCREEN     ⨢.
᫨ pp SCREEN,  p ᮡp p p⠢ ᮡ
 p (pp SCREEN  p WINDOW),   pp  OPEN
p뢠    p    pp SCREEN,  㤠
p  p,  ⥬ p뢠  pp SCREEN.
     ᫨ 砥    p⮩  pp SCREEN  
(pp SCREEN  p⮬ WINDOW),   pp OPEN p⠭-
  p    p pp SCREEN, ᯠᠥ
 "" p뢠  ,     ⥬  p뢠  
pp SCREEN.  p p⨨  ᯠᥭ  ⠭-
,  p⠭ pp SCREEN  p뢠.
     p p⨨  SCREEN  p   樠p p
(  p p塞 p)        롨p
p   ⮩ pp SCREEN.
     USE p   pp      p  (  
p p   pp DISPLAY).
     p  pp PAUSE p ⮫쪮  砥 롮p 
 .

8.36. pp CLOSE.

⪠ CLOSE(p)

     pp CLOSE p뢠  pp p.
     pp   -    ⪠  p  pp  SCREEN  
EXTERNAL.
     pp CLOSE ⠪ ᯮ  pp REPORT,  DOS  
FILE.
     ᫨ pp SCREEN,  p ᮡp p  p⠢
ᮡ    p  (pp  SCREEN    p  WINDOW),  
pp CLOSE p p   p    p뢠  pp
SCREEN.
     ᫨ pp SCREEN,  p ᮡp p  p⠢
ᮡ  (pp SCREEN  p⮬ WINDOW),  ⠭
, ᯠᥭ  pp OPEN.   p 㤠  
p. ⥬  p뢠  pp SCREEN, p⠭-
 pp OPEN p뢠 .

8.37. pp  ⪨.

     pp pᢠ    pp SCREEN  ᫥-
⥫ p       ⮬ p浪,   p  pᯮ 
pp SCREEN.  ( 뢠 pp ENTRY,  TEXT,  MENU,
PAUSE   POINT).  p,  ᠭ  pp SCREEN  
 1, p -  2  ..


                                 - 56 -

     pp p⪨  ᯮ  ᫥⥫ p
 䨪樨 :  pp,  pp ERASE(1,4) 㭨⮦ 
pp SCREEN   1-  4-. p  ⠪ ᯮ-
  pp IF,  ⠪  ⢥ p OF  OROF  p-
p CASE.
     p USE pp ᠭ   p  p-
 p⢮  ⪨,  p  ᯮ짮  -
䨪樨 .  ⪠ 뢠 "pp  ⪮"  -
⮨    p⥫쭮  ,   p ⮨ pp p
USE. (᫨ pp p USE 㦥 ᮤp p⥫ , 
ᠬ pp ᯮ  ⢥ pp  ⪨).
      ᮧ pp    ⪨,   pp  pp
pp pᢠ, p pp p   pp
 ⪥. ᫥ ⮣ pp  ᮮ⢥騩 p -
 直 p,   p砥 pp  .
     , p 뫮  ᠬ ᫥  (pp  )
뢠  ""  砥 ⤥ p⥫ -
. pp   ⪠  "" 㤮   pᮢ
pp, p ᯮ  ﬨ, ᠭ묨  -
 pp  SCREEN.   pp,   DISPLAY(?)   p  USE
p   ᠬ ᫥   -   pp
SCREEN. ( pp ⥭ pp DICPLAY(FIELD())).
     pp   ⪠    ""    ᯮ짮 
p ᫮ ⠭. pp, p ?+2 砥 "p
  ᫥ ⮣ ,    宦 ᥩ".

8.38. pp DISPLAY.

p 1: ⪠ DISPLAY
p 2: ⪠ DISPLAY()
p 3: ⪠ DISPLAY(p , ᫥ )

     pp DISPLAY  p USE p.  pp,  筮
p⠢ pp  ⪠,   ᫮묨 p-
ﬨ, ᮤp騬   p .
     pp DISPLAY   ᯮ짮  ﬨ , ⥪⮢-
  室묨 ﬨ. USE p pp ᮣ᭮ p-
 ,  ⥬ p  樨   p.
     p 1 pp DISPLAY p  室, ⥪⮢ 
    pp SCREEN.
     p 2 p ⤥쭮 , 㪠 pp .
     p 3 p  室, ⥪⮢      -
, 㪠 pp     .

8.39. pp UPDATE.

p 1: ⪠ UPDATE
p 2: ⪠ UPDATE()
p 3: ⪠ UPDATE(p , ᫥ )

     pp UPDATE     USE  p  祭ﬨ  ,
p묨   p.   pp  (筮  p⠢
pp묨  ⪠)  -  ᫮ p, ᮤp騥 -
p .


                                 - 57 -

     pp UPDATE     ᯮ짮  室묨,  ⥪⮢묨
ﬨ  ﬨ . 祭, p   pp 
ᮮ⢥⢨    p      ⥬  p頥   USE
p.
     p 1 pp UPDATE  USE p   室-
, ⥪⮢      pp SCREEN.
     p 2  USE p  ⤥쭮 , 㪠
pp .
     p 3  USE p   室, ⥪⮢ -
     ,  㪠 pp      
 .
     筮 USE p   ⮬᪨    p襭
  .  pp USE ,  p,   -
. p -  ⮢ p   ,   -
 USE p. ᯮ pp UPDATE p pp -
   USE p,    室.   p  -  
짮⥫᪮ 樨  ᯮ UPDATE  p -
 USE p ᫥ HOLD-  p p樥 PUT.

8.40. pp ERASE.

p 1: ⪠ ERASE
p 2: ⪠ ERASE()
p 3: ⪠ ERASE(p , ᫥ )

     pp ERASE 頥   p    ᮮ⢥騥
 USE p. pp (筮 p⠢ pp묨 
⪠) -  ᫮ p, ᮤp騥 p .
     pp ERASE   ᯮ짮  室묨, ⥪⮢묨 -
ﬨ  ﬨ .   頥  p  ᥩ . ᫮-
 USE  p ,   p USE p 
 p (p p  p).
     p 1 pp ERASE 頥  室, ⥪⮢   -
   pp SCREEN.
     p 2 頥 ⤥쭮 , 㪠 pp .
     p 3 頥  室,  ⥪⮢    , 室-
騥   p塞 pp     .

8.41. pp SELECT.

⪠ SELECT()

     pp SELECT 롨p ᫥饥   .
     pp ,  筮 p⠢ pp  ⪮ -
 ᫮ p, ᮤp饥 p .
     pp OPEN ⮬᪨ 롨p  p      pp
p.  p襭 pp ,  ⮬᪨ 롨p -
, ᫥饥   ⮫쪮   .   ⮬-
 롮p  ᯮ pp SELECT.
     pp  稭   p .  p  
 ᥣ  ⥬ ,  p ,  .  . 짮⥫
 p  p㣮  Esc.  ᫨  뫮 p   ,
pp  稭   ,  ᫥饥  ,   p
 ⢫ ᫥ .


                                 - 58 -

     pp SELECT  p騩 pp SELECT.

8.42. pp .

⪠ 

     pp  稭 室  p   p⮩ p-
p SCREEN.    p⮩ pp SCREEN.  ᫨    
p,     pp  稭 室  ᫥饥  ᫥
 .
      室   ⥪⮢  pp  p USE
p  pp᭮ p, 砥 pp  p
 ,  짮⥫  祭.  짮⥫ -
稢   ,  祭 pp  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
p   p  USE p.
            㪠⥫ pp  p 㭪
  pp᭮ p, 砥 p  , -
 짮⥫  뤥 p㣮 㭪.   짮⥫ p蠥
  , 㭪 CHOICE() 뤠 ⭮⥫쭮  뤥-
 㭪   .     USE p ⠭ 
⭮⥫쭮  뤥 㭪.
       ,  pp  p  pp  pp
PAUSE, 砥   p    .  ⨥ 
 (p Esc)  p蠥  .  㭪 KEYCODE()  뤠
祭 ⮩ .
     짮⥫   p    Esc   -
p p㣮 . ᫥ p pp , 㭪 FIELD()
뤠 p ,  p  ⢫ .

8.43. 㭪 ROW.

p 1: ROW()
p 2: ROW(p)
p 3: ROW()
p 4: ROW(p)

     㭪 ROW()  뤠  楫, ᮤp饥 "䨧" -
 p  p.  ᪠  易⥫쭮 ⮦-
⢥ 樨   p   pp SCREEN,  ᪮  
   p  饭  p  .
      p  1  㭪  ROW()   뤠 䨧 p ᫥
p饭  .
      p  2 㭪 ROW(p)  뤠 䨧 p p孥
 ᨬ 㪠  p.   (    ᠬ  p  㪠
pp  p , ᫨  ᯮ).
      p 3 㭪 ROW()  뤠 䨧 p 㪠
p   ⨢ p. ᫨ p p,  뤠-
 祭   祭  REPEAT.
      p 4 㭪 ROW(p)  뤠 䨧 p 㪠-
 p p STRING.  ᫨ p p塞,   
뤠 祭   祭  REPEAT.

8.44. 㭪 COL.



                                 - 59 -

p 1: COL()
p 2: COL(p)
p 3: COL()
p 4: COL(p)

     㭪 COL()  뤠  楫, ᮤp饥 䨧 -
 ⮫  p.
      p 1 㭪 COL()  뤠  䨧᪨  ⮫  ᫥
p饭  .
      p 2 㭪 COL(p)  뤠 䨧᪨ ⮫ p孥
 ᨬ 㪠 p. (  ᠬ ⮫ 㤥 㪠
pp  p , ᫨ ⠪ ᯮ).
      p 3 㭪 COL() 뤠 䨧᪨ ⮫ 㪠
p   ⨢ p.  ᫨  p塞,  뤠
祭   祭  REPEAT.
      p 4 㭪 COL(p) 뤠 䨧᪨ ⮫ 㪠-
 p  p STRING.  ᫨ p p塞,  
뤠 祭   祭  REPEAT.

8.45. 㭪 FIELD.

FIELF()

     㭪 FIELD() 뤠  楫, ᮤp饥 p ᫥-
  . 㭪 FIELD()   pp.

8.46. 㭪 CONTENTS.

CONTENTS()

     㭪 CONTENTS() 뤠 p, ᮤp ᮤp 室
   .
     pp ,   筮  p  pp    ⪮,
p⠢ ᮡ ᫮ p, ᮤp饥 p .
      p⠫쭮   pp稢   p      㭪
CONTENTS() 뤠   USE p,      ⮫쪮  ,
p        p.   ᫮  㭪
CONTENTS() 뤠 祭 USE p.

8.47. 㭪 ROWS.

p 1: ROWS()
p 2: ROWS(p)
p 3: ROWS()
p 4: ROWS(p)

     㭪 ROWS()   뤠  楫,  ᮤp饥 ᫮ p 
  pp REPEAT.
      p 1 㭪 ROWS() 뤠 ᫮ p ᫥ p饭
 .
      p  2  㭪  ROWS(p)   뤠  ᫮ p 㪠
pp p.  ( ᫮ 㤥 p pp    p
WINDOW, ᫨    ⠪ ᯮ,   p 25  砥 
p).


                                 - 60 -

      p 3 㭪 ROWS()  뤠 ᫮ p 㪠 
 ⨢ p.  筮 㭪 ROWS()  뤠 1.  , 
⮣      p 뤠 ,   p ᯮ-
  POINT  TEXT 㤥 ⢮ ⠪,    ᫥-
饬 pp:

POINT(3,20) - ROWS   뤠 3
TEXT(10,60) - ROWS   뤠 10

      p 4 㭪 ROWS(p)  뤠 ᫮ p  㪠-
 p p. 㭪 ROWS(p) ᥣ 뤠 1.

8.48. 㭪 COLS(⮫).

p 1: COLS()
p 2: COLS(p)
p 3: COLS()
p 4: COLS(p)

     㭪 COLS() 뤠  楫, ᮤp饥 ᫮ ⮫殢 
  pp REPEAT.
      p 1  㭪  COLS()   뤠  ᫮  ⮫殢  ᫥
p饭  .
      p 2 㭪 COLS(p)  뤠 ᫮  ⮫殢  㪠
pp p.   ( ᫮ 㤥 p pp  p
WINDOW, ᫨ ⠪ ᯮ,  p 80   p).
      p  3  㭪 COLS()  뤠 ᫮ ⮫殢 㪠
  ⨢ p (p塞  ).   ⮣   
  p 㤥 뤠 ,   PAUSE -  pp
p ⠭,  p.
      p 4 㭪 COLS(p)  뤠 ᫮ ⮫殢  㪠-
 p p.

8.49. 㭪 FIELDS.

FIELDS()

     㭪 FIELDS()  뤠  楫, ᮤp饥 ᫮  
p⮩ pp SCREEN.  ᫨  p   pp SCREEN,
㭪 FIELDS() 뤠 0.

8.50. 㭪 CHOICE().

CHOICE()

     㭪 CHOICE()  뤠  楫, ᮤp饥 ⭮⥫쭮
 樨 ,  p  ᫥    㪠-
. ᫨     뫠 p,  㭪 CHOICE()  뤠
.

8.51.    .

      窨  p pp 짮⥫ ⢫  -
   p  믮  pp      ASK  -  ⤥쭮


                                 - 61 -

pp  让,  ᫮ pp. ,  窨 p -
⥫ pp  ᥣ 믮 pp   ASK,  
p⪠ p         뢠
p ⢥.
     짮⥫      p  ⮩ ᫥⥫-
, p  㪠 pp,  롨p p㣮  p -
    p  pp.  짮⥫  p
p  p   襩 Enter,   p ,
  Esc.
     Esc  롨p ,  p  ⢫   (᫨
⮫쪮      p      ᫨        ⢥
pp p Esc).  ⮬,  , p饭 p p
p    ⠪ p饭 p p⭮ ,   
让,  㤮 ᮡ.
     ⨢ 室  p  pp᭮ p.
 ᤥ   p稭:  -p,  ⠪ p   
⨢ ,  , -p  pp 室  ⥪⮢ -
.  p饭     ᯮ  롮p :
* Enter  - 稢   ⨢   롨p ᫥騥 
   ;
* p   -  筮  Enter   ENTRY,
  TEXT, PAUSE   易⥫쭮 POINT. p蠥   易⥫-
    MENU,   p ⮬ 롮p  ⢫.  p蠥
    易⥫쭮  MENU,  ᫨   ⮫쪮    p
  㭪⮢;
* Esc -  ⠭  p  ᮤp      
  p砫쭮 祭,  p p ⨨ 롨p p-
  饥   ;
* p    -  筮  Esc   ENTRY,
  TEXT, PAUSE  易⥫쭮  MENU. 祭  Esc 
  易⥫  MENU, ᫨   ⮫쪮  p 㭪⮢.
  祭  Enter  易⥫  POINT.

8.52. p .
     p   p    pp᭮  p   
pp 頥   p  ᨬ. pp p-
  ᮮ⢥⢨    ᨬ.       p  
p.     p   ᨬ   樨 pp 
"" p 室訩 ⠬ ᨬ.   p  ⠢  ᨬ
p  pp ᤢ p, ᢮    ᨬ-
. p騩  pp  p ,  pp ⮩ 
 ᨬ - p ⠢.  p OVR  INS pp ENTRY
稭 p ᮮ⢥⢥.   p     -
 Ins  p室  p ⠢  p   -
p.
     ᫨ USE  p    ᢮  p ,   
pp稢 p⠫쭮.  ⨥  Home  p  樨
 頥 p ᨬ p   pp. ⨥ 
"p "  p 樨,   "p "  -
 樨   pp稢  p   ᨬ.   ᨬ 
᫥   pp稢 p  ᨬ    ⮣,
⮡ ᢮    ᨬ.
        ᫥ ᨬ,  pp 室  
p.   Home, End, Tab, Reverse Tab, p   p


                                 - 62 -

 p pp  .  p㣨  p 㪮-
 ᨣ.      p  稢 p ⨨ 
Enter.  p  ᯮ ᫥騥 :
* p  - pp  ( pp稢 p);
* p  - pp p ( pp稢  );
* Home  - ⠭ pp  p  ( pp稢 
   砫 );
* Ctrl-Home -    ⠭ pp  p ;
* Ins - ⠢ ᨬ  樨 pp    ᤢ  p  
  p p;
* Del - 㤠 ᨬ  樨  pp    ᤢ  p  
  p ;
* Backspace - p pp   㤠 ᨬ   -
  樨 ( p ⠢  p  p );
* Tab - p  ᫥饩 樨 ⠡p ( 쬠  -
  );
* Reverse Tab - p   p饩  樨  ⠡p  (
  쬠 ).

8.53. ᫮ .
        ᫮    ⢫   p.
      p ⠢ ᫮  p  pp᭮  -
p,     pp  稭    頥  
  .   p  p pp ⠥  ⮬  -
 ,     p ᤢ ,  ᢮ 
  p.   ᥫ  p   筮 窨
頥 pp    樥 .  ⥬ pp p頥 
p  p p .   㦥  ᨬ쭮  ᫮
p,  ᫮ p⠥ ᤢ . ⥫쭮 -
⨥  p  p樨 㪮 ᨣ  pp.
      p    ᫮  p  pp᭮ -
p,  p騩 pp 頥  p  -
.   p  p  p  樨 pp,  
 室騩   ᨬ.  ᫥      p  pp
p頥    p; , pp  ⠭-
  ᨬ pp  (ᯥ樠  ᨬ,   ᮤp騩  
p).
     ᫨ ᨬ pp   p ,    pp
頥   p, ᫥饩  ⨬ ᨬ  p.
   p  p    p  p    㤠
p. ᫥     樨 ᫥ ᨬ pp 室 
 p.   Home,  End,  Tab,  Reverse Tab, p  
p     p頥  pp    .     p㣨  
p 㪮 ᨣ.
       ᫮  稢 ⨥  Enter,  
 . Enter   稢  ⥫ ᥫ; 
 -   稢    p⥫쭮  ᫠.   (  ⠪  
ᯮ짮 p   p ).
     p OVR    INS  pp  ENTRY 稭 p  
p   ⠢ ᮮ⢥⢥.   p    
 Ins   p砥  p  ⠢/.     ᫮ 
ᯮ ᫥騥 :
* Backspace - 㤠 ᫥  p  pp ;
*  - ᮧ p⥫쭮 ᫮  p蠥   ;


                                 - 63 -

*  - ᮧ ⥫쭮 ᫮  p蠥   .

8.54.  MENU  POINT.
     p     MENU   POINT      㭪⮢  ᥣ
뤥 pp   p,     㪠묨  梥⠬
롮p. pp    ᯮ.   뤥 p㣮  㭪
 ᯮ짮  "p "  "p " 
 砥,  ᫨ 㭪 pᯮ ,  祬   p,   
 "p  "  "p "   砥,  ᫨
㭪 pᯮ , 祬   ⮫.
     p⢥      ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮 ⮣,
  p窠  稭  p筮 㪢.  ᫨   
  㪠 p IMM,   p 㪢 㭪  뤥
,    .
      Tab  Reverse Tab  p  ⠬  ⮩
᫥⥫쭮,  p  뫨 ᠭ. ᫨  易⥫쭮
(p REQ),  ⪨   ᫥ , p
 p᪮  p  ᫥  㭪  ᮮ⢥⢥.   
Home  End 롨p p  ᫥ 㭪 ᮮ⢥⢥.  
Enter 롨p 㭪, 뤥 pp p.
         ASCII    32  126 ( p
   ⨫줮),   ⠪   Del, PgUp, PgDn, Ctrl-PgUp 
Ctrl-PgDn  p騬 蠬   POINT.  롮p
   MENU  POINT ᯮ ᫥騥 :
* p    -  뤥  訩  ᢥp  㭪.  ᫨ pp
  室  p孥    易⥫쭮,     
  p    p᪮  뤥      㭪.   ᫨ pp
  室  p孥    易⥫쭮,    
  p:       MENU -  p室  p饥 ;  
  POINT - p蠥 .  ᫨  MENU 易⥫쭮,  㭪 
  pᯮ     p,    p᪮  
  㭪, ⮬  ⢫ p    MENU    p饥
  ;
* p    -  뤥  訩  ᭨  㭪.   ᫨  pp
  室         易⥫쭮,   
  p  p᪮ 뤥  ᠬ p孨 㭪.  ᫨ pp
  室       易⥫,  
   p:    MENU -  p襭   롮p 
  ;      POINT -  p襭 .  ᫨  MENU ᮤp
  㭪   p,   ⢨ p᪮  p孨
  㭪, ⮬   MENU p蠥.   ⮬ 砥, ᫨  
  易⥫쭮, 㭪   CHOICE  뤠      USE  p  
  ;
* p  - 뤥 訩 ᫥ 㭪;
* p p - 뤥 訩 㭪 p;
* Tab - 뤥 ᫥騩 ᠭ 㭪.  ᫥ , ᫨
   易⥫쭮,    pp  p᪠  p 㭪; ᫨ 
  易⥫쭮,  p蠥 p;
* Reverse Tab - 뤥 p騩 ᠭ 㭪.  p 
  易⥫쭮    pp  p᪠    ᫥  ;  
  易⥫쭮   p   p襭;
* Home - 뤥 p 㭪;
* End - 뤥 ᫥ 㭪;
* Ins - p蠥  POINT;


                                 - 64 -

* Del - p蠥  POINT;
* PgUp - p蠥  POINT;
* PgDn- p蠥  POINT;
* Ctrl-PgUp - p蠥  POINT;
* Ctrl-PgDn - p蠥  POINT;
* Enter - p蠥  POINT  MENU.

8.55. 饭 pp p.
     饭 pp   SCREEN      pp   稭  
"p 讣 ":
     p 1:           ᮤp pp
SCREEN  p⮬ USE.
     p 2: p楤p  㭪  ᮤp   
pp SCREEN.
      ᠥ  p  1,     p  USE   
ᮧ   pp    ,   p  㯠  
䫨  쭮 pp  ⪮ 饩 ⠪  .
      ᠥ p 2,  , ᫨    ⮩  p楤p 
㭪樨 室      pp  SCREEN,       䫨
 pp ⮪  p⠬ USE    p    
p pp SCREEN.  筮,  ⠪ 䫨 p室  
pp p,    ᮤp騩    p  USE      묨
pp,   ,  祢.


                                  - 65 -

9. p⪠ ⮢.

9.1. pp REPORT.

⪠ REPORT

     pp REPORT 뢠 pᯮ .
      砥 pp REPORT  ᫥騥   pp,  -
稢 窮  pp END.
     ⪠ pp   REPORT   ᯮ     ⢥  pp
pp  OPEN  CLOSE  㭪樨  NAME.
      pp  REPORT    ᯮ짮  p PRE,  WIDTH,
LENGTH, PAGE, LINE  DEVICE.
     Cpp REPORT  ᮤp 易⥫ pp HEADER,  -
p p窨,  p    ⠭    砫  
p; 易⥫  pp FOOTER,  ᮤp p窨,  -
p   ⠭    p ;    -
 pp DETAIL, ᮤp p窨, ⠥ p .
     p窨  ⠢    pp  STRING    CONTROL.
pp STRING   뢠  c,   p  ,  
pp CONTROL 뢠 p騥 ᫥⥫쭮   p-
p.
     樮 p ROW  COL  p⥫ﬨ pp
( OF  pp CASE), 㪠뢠騬  p  ⮫,
p  ᯮ짮 ᫥騬 pp STRING. 樮
p CTL   ⮦  p⥫ pp,  p⠢騬
ﭭ p騥 ᫥⥫쭮  pp.
      p窠      pp REPORT  稢
p p, ᫨  p,  ᫥ p窠 -
    p  p窨.  p p  ⠢
樮 p⮬ CTL(@LF).
      ⮣,  ⮡   p,  室 ⠭
p p p p pp STRING   pp  HEADER,
 ᫥   ᫥ pp STRING  pp FOOTER.  p
p  ⠢ 樮 p⮬ CTL(@FF).
     ᫨ p p 饭  pp HEADER,   ᥣ
㤥 p,    㤥 p⢮  p. -
 p p  pp FOOTER  p p,
   㤥 p, ᫨   砫  pp -
   砫 (p) p pᯥ⪨.
     pp REPORT  p뢠  pp  OPEN     p뢠
pp CLOSE.

9.2. p WIDTH.

WIDTH(p p)

     p WIDTH pp REPORT 㪠뢠 p pᯥ⪨ -
.
     pp     -  ᫮ ⠭,  ᮤp
ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ᨬ  ᠬ  p   .
pp    室  p  1  255.
     pp   p Clarion ᯮ p WIDTH 
業pp ⥪     p⠫쭮 pp⪨.
     p WIDTH  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  pp REPORT.


                                 - 66 -

9.3. p LENGTH.

LENGTH( p)

     p LENGTH pp REPORT 㪠뢠  pᯥ⪨ -
.
     pp   -   ᫮  ⠭,   ᮤp
ᨬ쭮 ᫮   p,   p   pᯥ⠭  p.
p LENGTH  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  pp REPORT.
     稭      ᫮ p  pp HEADER 
FOOTER ⠢ ᫮ p ᢮    pp  DETAIL.
᫥ ⮣,    ⯥⠭  p ⠫ p pp
PRINT ⮬᪨ ⠥     p, 祬 -
 ᫥   ⠫  p.

9.4. p PAGE.

PAGE(稪 p)

     p PAGE pp REPORT 㪠뢠 p,  p -
 ᯮ짮  ⢥ 稪.
     pp   -  ⪠ ᫮ p.
     稪 p ᮤp p ⥪饩 ⠥ p.  p
p⨨   稪 p ⠭  1  㢥稢
直 p,  p室 p p,   p-
p HEADER ⠥ p  pp PRINT.
     稪 p ⠭  㢥稢 p -
  USE p  pp HEADER. ⮬ pp HEADER
    ⥪騩  p  p  p⢮   
p p  p⮬ USE, 뢠饩 稪 p.
     p 稪 p ⠭ p p⨨  1  -
 ⮫쪮  ᫥⥫쭮 㢥稢.  祭 稪 p
   pp pᢠ.

9.5. p LINE.

LINE(稪 p)

     p LINE pp REPORT 㪠뢠 p,  p -
 ᯮ짮  ⢥ 稪 p.
     pp   -  ⪠ ᫮ p.
     稪 p  ᮤp  p  ⥪饩  ⠥ p.  p
p⨨  稪 p ⠭  1 ( ⠪  p p-
⪥ pp HEADER),  直 p,  p室 p-
 p.  稪 p 㢥稢  ᫮ p   p-
p HEADER,  FOOTER  DETAIL p  . pp HEADER 
 pᯥ⠭ p  pp PRINT,   ⮬᪨  p
p⨨ ,   p  pp DETAIL, p p
 p p.
     稪 p ⠭,   㢥稢  
USE p  pp,  HEADER,  FOOTER    DETAIL.   ⮬
pp HEADER,    FOOTER    DETAIL   p ⥪饩
p ⥬ ᠭ p p  p⮬ USE,  p
㪠뢠 稪 p.
     祭 p 稪 p,  ⠭ p 1, -


                                 - 67 -

 ⮫쪮   ᫥⥫쭮  㢥稢.  祭 稪 p
   pp pᢠ.   祭 稪
p    뢠  ⢨  p p.  ⤥
"p 稪 p" p   p  p
p.

9.6. p DEVICE.

DEVICE(p⢮)

     p DEVICE pp REPORT 㪠뢠 p⢮,  p
p .
     pp   -    p  p ⠭,
ᮤp饥  p⢠ DOS  ᯥ䨪 䠩.
     ᫨ pp    p⢠ DOS,   -
 뢮  p ᮫   ᫥⥫    p-
 p.    뢮  ᮫,  稭  ⮯
pp.
     ᫨ pp      p᫥ 
p DOS,  p  ᯥ䨪 䠩   뢠-
  p㥬 䠩.  ᫨ ⠪ 䠩 㦥 ,  p
 䠩 㤥 .  ᫨ ⠪ 䠩 ,  㤥 ᮧ 
䠩.
     ᫨  ᯥ䨪樨 䠩 饭 pp  ᪮, p-
 ⥪騥 pp  ᪮. ᫨ 㪠 ⢨⥫쭠 ᯥ-
 䠩, , ᫨ p DEVICE 饭,  뤠  LPN1.

9.7.  p DOS.
       p  ᫥騥 p⢠ DOS:

CON  - p ᮫;
PRN  - p p p;
LTP1 - p p p;
LTP2 - p p p;
LTP3 - p⨩ p p;
AUX  - p ᫥⥫ p;
COM1 - p ᫥⥫ p;
COM2 - p ᫥⥫ p;
NUL  -  ( p    p).

9.8. 樮 p.
     ROW, COL  CTL -  樮 p, ᯮ㥬  p-
p REPORT.
     ROW  COL 㪠뢠  p  ⮫ p (STRING)   
pp .
     pp pp p p,  p p,  p
p⪨    p,   室   ⮣,  ⮡  p
(STRING)  㪠 .
     樮 p  CTL 㪠뢠 p騥 ᫥⥫쭮
  p (STRING). p騥 ᫥⥫쭮 
ᯮ  ⠭ pp p, 権 ⠡p, ᯥ-
樠 䮭⮢  ..     ᫥⥫쭮  ᨬ  p
p⮩ pp  .
     樮 p ROW,   COL    CTL    p⥫ﬨ


                                 - 68 -

pp (   THEN    pp IF  OF  pp CASE).
⥫ pp   p蠥  pp,   ⮬   樮
p       ⠢  pp.

9.9. 樮 p ROW.

p 1: ROW(p)
p 2: ROW(p, ⮫)
p 3: ROW
p 4: ROW(+  - p)
p 5: ROW(+  - p, ⮫)

     樮 p  ROW  㪠뢠  p  ⮫ 
᫥饣 pp  STRING    pp  REPORT.   ROW  p
p p,  p p, p p⪨  p, 室-
  p饭 p  ᨬ    㪠      樨.
     pp ,     pﬨ ᫮
⠭, 㪠뢠  ᫥饣 pp STRING.
     p 1   2 p ROW p訢 p p p.
p p p p   pp  HEADER,   FOOTER  
DETAIL p  p p,  p p (C - 1)  
p p⪨.
     p㣨 p  p  p p  p p,
᫨ pp   p,  ᯮ짮    p饣
pp STRING.
     ᫨ pp   p,  ᯮ짮  p-
饣 pp STRING,   ᫥ p ᨬ 㤥 ⠭
  p.
     p 3,  4  5 p ROW p  p p ⠪ -
⢮ p,  ᪮쪮 㪠 pp ,      ᫥
p p⪨.    p  3 砥 "᫥ p"  筠
p ROW(+1).  p 4  5 p ROW(+0)   ᯮ짮-
   p ⠭ p.
     pp   p 2  5 㪠뢠  ⢮  p,
p묨  p p ᨬ.

9.10. 樮 p OL.

p 1: COL(⮫)
p 2: COL(+ ⮫)

     樮 p  COL  㪠뢠    ⮫  ᫥饩
p ᨬ  pp REPORT.
     COL 頥 p, 室  p饭 p ᨬ
 㪠       .
     pp    -  p  ᫮  ⠭,
p 㪠뢠  ⮫ ᫥饣 pp STRING.
     p 1 p COL p訢 p p ⮫. ᫨
 ,  祬 ⮫ ᫥ ᨬ p饣 pp
STRING, p  COL 頥 室 p,   ⮣,   ⮡
p ᫥ p ᨬ  㪠 ⮫.
     ᫨ pp  ,  祬  ⮫  ᫥  ᨬ
p饣 pp   STRING,     p COL p  p
p⪨  頥 p ( - 1)   ⢥  


                                 - 69 -

p ᨬ    p  ᫥騬 pp STRING.

9.11. 樮 p CTL.

CTL(p ᫥⥫쭮)

     樮 p CTL 뢠 p ᫥⥫쭮
 pp  pp REPORT.
     pp   -  p ⠭-
  p騩 ᨬ ,  ᮤp騩 p  ᫥-
⥫쭮 .   p ᫥⥫쭮  -  p
ᨬ, p   ,  ᯮ  p p-
⮩ pp.
     p CTL  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  pp REPORT.
     pp p  CTL p⠢ p ⠭⮩   -
      p  믮  pp.     ᠭ
p p, ᮤp饩 p ᫥⥫쭮 -
, p          pp    ᯮ짮
pp CONTROL.

9.12. p騥 ᨬ  .
     p騥 ᨬ   -  p  ⠭,   -
p騥 騥 p騥 ᫥⥫쭮  pp.
     p騥 ᨬ  稭  ᨬ (@).
     p騥 ᨬ      筮  ᯮ    ⢥
pp p TL  pp PRINT.
     騥 ᨬ  p騬  :
@FFn - p p (ASCII 12) n p, ⥬ p p⪨
       (@FF = @FF1)
@LFn - p p (ASCII 10) n p, ⥬ p p⪨
       (@LF = @LF1)
@CRn - p p⪨ (ASCII 13) n p, ⥬ p p⪨
       (@CR = @CR1)
@Bn - ⠢ n p (n - 楫 ᫮)

9.13. pp HEADER.

⪠ HEADER

     pp HEADER 뢠 p,  p     
p孥   p .   砥 pp HEADER 
᫥騥   pp,       㤥  祭  窮  
pp END.
     pp HEADER  室 ⮫쪮  pp REPORT.
      HEADER  ᯮ짮 p PRE.
     pp HEADER      ᯮ짮     ⢥  p㯯
p    pp  pᢠ,   p      ᯨ᪠
pp.     ⮬  ⥪ pp HEADER pᬠp 
ᠭ GROUP.
     p p⪨ ⮬᪨  pp      ᫥
 pp HEADER.
      (  易⥫쭮) ᯮ짮 pp PRINT  p-
p HEADER.   p   ⠥ p  p⨨,  
⠫   ⮬᪨    p  p
p.



                                 - 70 -

9.14. Cpp FOOTER.

⪠ FOOTER

     pp FOOTER  뢠  p,  p   
   p .   砥 pp FOOTER  
᫥騩      pp,       㤥 祭 窮 
pp END.
     pp FOOTER  室 ⮫쪮  pp REPORT.
      FOOTER  ᯮ짮 p PRE.
     pp FOOTER   ᯮ짮    ⢥  p㯯
p      pp  pᢠ,   p    ᯨ᪠
pp.   ⮬ ⥪ pp  FOOTER  pᬠp  
ᠭ GROUP.
     p p⪨  ⮬᪨  pp     ᫥
 pp FOOTER.
       (footer) ⠥  n- p  p,
 n - ᮮ⢥ pp p LENGTH  ᫮  p  
pp FOOTER.  pp PRINT ⠢ 室 ᫮ p-
 p  ⮣, ⮡ p p p  .
      (  易⥫쭮) ᯮ짮 pp PRINT  p-
p FOOTER.     ⮬᪨ p  p
p,     ᫥    ⠥ p p⨨ .

9.15. pp DETAIL.

⪠ DETAIL

     pp DETAIL  뢢 p,  p   
⥫ (       㫮)   .     砥
pp DETAIL  ᫥騥   pp,   㤥 祭
窮  pp END.
     pp DETAIL  室 ⮫쪮  pp REPORT.
      DETAIL  ᯮ짮 p PRE.
     pp DETAIL      ᯮ짮     ⢥  p㯯
p    pp  pᢠ,   p      ᯨ᪠
pp.     ⮬  ⥪ pp DETAIL pᬠp 
ᠭ GROUP.
     p p⪨  ⮬᪨  pp     ᫥
 pp DETAIL.
     p     pp  DETAIL  ⠢  "⥫"  -
 p     㫮.  ᨬ쭮 ᫮
p    ⥫  -   p (pp p LENGTH)
 ᫮ p   pp HEADER  FOOTER.
     pp DETAIL    pp  PRINT.  ᫨ pp
DETAIL  頥  ⥫  (..  p 㦥    -
p樮묨 p窠),    pp  PRINT  ⮬᪨  ⠥
pp HEADER  FOOTER, p 祬  pp DETAIL.

9.16. pp STRING.

p 1: ⪠ STRING()
p 2: ⪠ STRING(p ⠭)
p 3: ⪠ STRING(ᨬ p)



                                 - 71 -

     pp STRING  pp REPORT 뢠 p ᨬ  -
, pᯮ  p  ᨬ ᫥ ᠭ STRING,   
樨, 㪠  p⠬ ROW  COL. pp STRING  pp
REPORT ᯮ     p,   pp STRING  室騩 
pp REPORT.
      pp   STRING    pp  REPORT    ᯮ짮
p USE.
     p  뢠 ᨬ,  p    -
 ᯮ짮   p㣮 p ᨬ    -
   ⮣,  p   pp REPORT.  ( ⫨砥  
p p, p p    pp SCREEN p).

9.17. pp CONTROL.

p 1: ⪠ CONTROL()
p 2: ⪠ CONTROL(p ⠭)
p 3: ⪠ CONTROL(ᨬ p)

     pp CONTROL 뢠 p ᨬ, p ᯮ짮
 ⢥ p饩 ᫥⥫쭮 .  pp pp
CONROL. pp  pp CONROL pp  筮  ⠪,   
pp pp STRING.
      pp CONTROL  ᯮ짮 p USE.
     ⢥ ⫨稥  pp  CONTROL  STRING  ,
 pp CONTROL  ᯮ 樮 p ROW   COL  
 뢠     ⢨.  pp CONTROL ᯮ 
ᠭ p ᨬ,  p p p⮩ pp,    
.

9.18. p USE.

     USE(p)

     p USE  㪠뢠 室 p p⠢ -
 pp STRING  CONTROL.
     pp   ⪮ p.
     p ᨬ    p  USE  ⮫쪮    pp
REPORT.
      p, ᯮ㥬  ⢥ pp p USE
뢠 "USE p".  p  pp HEADER, FOOTER 
DETAIL, ᮤp饩 p USE, 祭 USE p pᢠ-
 易   pp STRING  CONTROL.

9.19. pp OPEN.

⪠ OPEN()

     pp OPEN p뢠 pp REPORT. pp  -
 ⪮ pp  REPORT  EXTERNAL.
     pp OPEN  ⠪  ᯮ   pp SCREEN,  DOS,
FILE.
     p p⨨  ⠭ p⢮  뢮    ᮮ-
⢨  p⮬ DEVICE  ⠥ p pp HEADER (-
 ⠪ ).
     pp OPEN   易⥫  pp REPORT, -


                                 - 72 -

  pp DETAIL, HEADER  FOOTER  p⮩ p-
p REPORT ⮬᪨ p뢠 .

9.20. pp CLOSE.

⪠ CLOSE()

     pp CLOSE p뢠 pp REPORT.  pp  - 
⪠ pp  REPORT  EXTERNAL.
     pp CLOSE ᯮ ⠪    pp  SCREEN,   DOS,
FILE.
     p p⨨  ⠥ ᫥ pp FOOTER  (᫨
⠪ ). ᫨  ⢥ pp p DEVICE ᯮ-
 ᯥ䨪 䠩,  pp CLOSE ⠪ p뢠 䠩 -
. ᫨  pp REPORT  pp FOOTER    -
ᠭ  䠩 ,   室  pp CLOSE.
     , ᠭ  䠩   ᪥   p 
砭 p pp,    믮 pp RUN, CHAIN
 CALL.   p⨥ 䠩 ⮢  ᪥ ⮬᪨ p뢠
p p襭 p pp,   p 믮 pp RUN,
CHAIN  CALL,  ᫥    ⠥.

9.21. pp PRINT.

p 1: ⪠ PRINT(p)
p 2: ⪠ PRINT(p ᨬ)

     pp PRINT p頥 p   p  ᨬ  
pp      䠩  .   ᫨    pp   ⪮
pp HEADER,  FOOTER  DETAIL,    pp  PRINT  p
p   㪠 p⢮  p   -
  ,  稪 p  p.     p⨢  砥,
pp PRINT   p  ᢮ pp  PRN (p p
p).
     pp   p⠢ ᮡ  pp HEADER,
FOOTER  DETAIL.  pp PRINT ⠭ 稪 p    1
p p  p,    砥,   pp 
 ⪮ pp  HEADER.     pp  PRINT  ⠥
pp HEADER,  FOOTER  DETAIL,  㢥稢 稪 p 
᫮, 㪠  pp  p p樨.
     ᫨ pp   ⪮ pp DETAIL, p 
頥  ⥫ ⥪饩 p,  p室 p p.
p ⮬   pp FOOTER  HEADER.  p p
뢠  ᫥饬 p.
     p     ᫥    ⮬-
᪨ p p⨨  p⨨   ᮮ⢥⢥.     p
⪨ pp   HEADER    FOOTER  筮    ⢥
pp pp PRINT. , 뢮   pp HEADER 
FOOTER    ᯮ짮  ᪮p p p.
     pp   -   p ⫨筮  ⪨
pp HEADER,    FOOTER    DETAIL.
     ᫨ pp DETAIL   㬥頥    ⥪饩  p,   
pp PRINT   믮    p p p 
⮣, ⮡    p.  p p ⮨  
᫥ 蠣:


                                 - 73 -

1. ᫨  pp FOOTER,   室 ᫮ p-
    p    p쭮 ⠭ p (p); ⥬ -
    pp FOOTER;
2.   稪 p  ⠭ 稪 p  p
   稪 p  1;

3. ᫨  pp HEADER,      p-
    稪 p ᫮ p   .

9.22. 㭪 NAME.

     NAME()

     㭪 NAME  뤠 p ᨬ,  ᮤp  p⢠
 ᯥ䨪 䠩  p DEVICE pp REPORT.
     pp  -  ⪠ pp  REPORT  EXTERNAL.
     ᫨ p 䠩 ,   㭪 NAME 뤠   ᯥ-
䨪;    p⨢ 砥 NAME 뤠 ⠪ ᯥ䨪 䠩,
 㪠  p DEVICE.  ᫨  p  DEVICE  ,
㭪 NAME 뤠 "PRN".

9.23. 訡 ⮢.
     㭪樨 ERRORCODE()   ERROR()  ᯮ  뤠  訡,
⠢ pp,  p뢠騬 .  ERRORCODE() 뤠
p ⨯ LONG,  ᮤp  p  ,     ERROR()   뤠
p ⨯ STRING,  ᮤp ᠭ  뤥 訡.
     ᫨   訡  ⠢, 㭪 ERRORCODE() 뤠 0,
 㭪   ERROR()   뤠  㫥 p.


                                  - 74 -

10. p⪠ 䠩 DOS.

10.1. p  DOS.
      䠩 DOS -  , -p㥬 䠩. pp뢭
 䠩 (ᥩ)   뢠,   뢠, ᯮ
㪠⥫ ,  ⭮⥫쭮 p  䠩 ( 1)    
, 뢠饩   祭 稪 ⮢.  DOS 䠩  p-
p (   㤥  ) ⥬   
᫥ ⮬  䠩.
     ASCII 䠩 -  ᯥ樠 䠩 DOS  祭  p⮬
ASCII pp   DOS.    ASCII 䠩 p ᫥⥫-
 p p.   ASCII 䠩  p   (-
稢 p p)    ⠭,   -
   䠩.  p 뢠  ASCII  ᨬ  ⠡p
(ASCII  9)  p, p㬥 ⠭ ⠡p
  1,  9,  17  ..  p  ASCII      
p.
      ASCII 䠩  ⢥ ⪨  䠩 㤥  ᯮ짮
Ctrl-Z, ᫨  ⠪ p  p ᫥⥫쭮 p⪨.
, ᫨  ᫥⥫쭠 p⪠ 稭 ᫥ Ctrl-Z,  
Ctrl-Z   㤥 p祭  pp 䠩 㤥 p 䠩
쥩 ⠫.  Ctrl-Z  뢠 p    -
 ASCII 䠩.

10.2. pp DOS.

⪠ DOS

     pp DOS  뢠  䠩 DOS.   砥 pp DOS 
᫥騥     pp      㤥  祭  窮  
pp END.
      pp DOS  ᯮ짮 p NAME,  ASCII, COMMA
 PRE.
     ⪠ pp  DOS  ᯮ  ⢥ pp  㭪-
権, p뢠 䠩. p 8 ᨬ ⪨ ᯮ  ᯥ-
䨪樨 䠩,   ᫨ 饭 p NAME.
     pp DOS    ᮤp pp RECORD.

10.3. p NAME.

NAME(ᯥ䨪 䠩)

     p NAME pp DOS  ᯥ䨪 䠩, ᯮ-
  ⠫.
     pp    ᮮ⢥⢮ 室  -
  㪠 ᪮,  pp,   䠩    pp.
᫨   pp  㪠,   ᯮ   pp
⥪饣 ⠫.
     pp      p ⠭⮩ 
⪮ p p,  ᮤp饩  ᯥ䨪  䠩.   ᫨
p NAME  饭,    ᯥ䨪樨 䠩 DOS ᯮ p
᪮  pp ⥪饣 ⠫,  䠩, 饥  p
쬨 ᨬ   ⪨  pp  DOS   ᯮ pp.


                                 - 75 -

10.4. p ASCII.

ASCII

     p ASCII pp DOS 砥 䠩 ASCII.  ASCII 䠩 -
 䠩 DOS,   p p ᫥⥫쭮 p
p. p    ᫥⥫쭮  p p  
p p (ASCII  10),     p⮬  p⪨/p
p (ASCII    13/10),   p p/p⮬ p⪨
(ASCII  10/13).
      ASCII 䠩 pp GET  NEXT 뢠   䠩 
, 稭  㪠⥫   p  p 
 p p ᫥⥫쭮 p p.  p p
⬥砥   ASCII.  p p⪨ pᬠp p
뢠  p  . ⮬ p p⪨  
易⥫,          p  p  p.
p p⪨,   饭 p ᥩ p  p 
p 뢠.
     ᫥⥫쭮 p  p    pp -
 ᫥ 뢠 ASCII 䠩.    p,   pp
RECORD    ᮤp ᫥⥫쭮 p p p -
 ᥩ  ASCII 䠩.
      ASCII  䠩  pp ADD 뢠     -
묨 p,      p묨  ᫥  p  p⪨/p
p.
      ASCII 䠩   ⬥祭 ᨬ Ctrl-Z (ASCII  
26). ᫨      p  ᫥⥫쭮  p⪨  㤥 p祭
Ctrl-Z,  㤥 ᨣp   䠩. , pp ADD
 뢠  Ctrl-Z ᫥  ,    䠩.

10.5. p COMMA.



     p  pp DOS 砥 ASCII 䠩,  筮 ⠪ 
  ᠭ  p ASCII.  ,  p  砥,
    p 묨.
      䠩  pp GET  NEXT  , 稭 
㪠⥫          p  ᫥⥫쭮  p
p, p   ᥩ  p稢騬  . p
祭 䠩  p    pp RECORD.  ᫮
 (,  p⪮, , ⢨⥫쭮) pp, p
祬      饭    pp  RECORD.    
p뢠.
     ᫥⥫쭮 p  p    p⥫   
        pp  RECORD  ᫥ 뢠 䠩
.   p  pp RECORD   ᮤp 
᫥⥫쭮 p p,   ⮩ (᫨    
室  p , p祭 窠) p  -
ᥩ  䠩 .

10.6. pp RECORD.

⪠ RECORD


                                 - 76 -

     pp RECORD 뢠     䠩  DOS.   
砥 pp   RECORD  ᫥騥   pp   㤥
祭 窮  pp END.
      pp  RECORD    ᯮ짮  ⮫쪮  p  PRE.
     pp RECORD  室 ⮫쪮    pp  DOS  
FILE.
      뢠  pp RECORD p  pp NEXT
 GET,  뢠  pp RECORD p  pp PUT 
ADD. p  ᯮ짮 pp RECORD    ⢥  p  (
pp pᢠ, p  ᯨ᪠ pp)  p-
p,  ᠭ GROUP.
      pp  RECORD p   䠩 DOS; -
,  p⪨    ⠭  ᠭ  ᯮ짮-
 pp   pp GET,  PUT  ADD.   䠩
ASCII  pp RECORD   p    ᠬ  
    䠩  (  ᪫祭  稢饩  ᫥⥫쭮
p p).  p ⠡p ᦠ⨨ ASCII 䠩 pp  
.
     pp RECORD   易⥫쭮.  p 䠩
DOS  COPY, REMOVE  RENAME, ᯮ pp DOS  .

10.7. pp COPY.

⪠ COPY(䠩,  䠩)

     pp COPY  p  䠩     ᯥ䨪  
䠩  ⠫.
     pp     ⪮  pp  DOS    EXTERNAL.
     pp     p⠢ p ⠭⮩
 p p,  ᮤp饩 ᯥ䨪  䠩. ᫨
pp     ᮤp  ⮫쪮  p  ᪮    ᠭ
pp,      䠩 p p砫쭮   pp.
pp COPY ⠪ ᯮ  pp FILE.

10.8. pp RENAME.

⪠ RENAME(䠩,  䠩)

     pp RENAME  p뢠 䠩  ⠫.  pp 
 ⪮ pp DOS  EXTERNAL.
     pp         p ⠭⮩ 
p p, ᮤp饩  ᯥ䨪 䠩.
     pp RENAME ⠪ ᯮ  pp FILE.
     ᫨ pp     ᮤp  ⮫쪮  p  ᪮  
pp,   p 䠩 p ᢮ p   p-
p    pp⮬  ⠫. ᫨ ᯥ䨪 ᪮
 pp     ᮮ⢥ ᪮ p뢠
䠩,   pp. ( p뢠 䠩  㪠
p㣮 ᪮).  p뢠 p 䠩.

10.9. pp REMOVE.

⪠ REMOVE(䠩)

     pp REMOVE  p頥    ⠫  ᯥ䨪   䠩.


                                 - 77 -

     pp   -    ⪠ pp DOS  EXTERNAL.  
p p 䠩.
     pp REMOVE ⠪, ᯮ  pp FILE.

10.10. pp SETPATH.

⪠ SETPATH(᪮  pp)

     pp SETPATH  ᪮  pp  ⥪饣 ⠫-
 DOS.  pp      p⠢  ᮡ  p
⠭  p p, ᮤp 㪢 ᪮, -
稥  㪠  pp (稭  p ⠫).
     ᫨ 㪢  ᪮   稥 饭,  p ⥪騩
᪮.

10.11. pp CREATE.

⪠ CREATE(䠩)

     pp CREATE ᮧ ⮩ 䠩 (䠩  㫥  )   
pp DOS.
     pp   ⪮ pp DOS  EXTERNAL.   ᫨
㪠 ᯥ䨪 䠩    ⠫,   -
  . ᫨ 㪠 ᯥ䨪 䠩 p祭  ⠫, 
騩 䠩   p    ᮧ  .
     pp CREATE p뢠 䠩  ᫥    p.
     pp CREATE ⠪ ᯮ  pp FILE.

10.12. pp EMPTY.

⪠ EMPTY(䠩)

     pp EMPTY    䠩 DOS  .
     pp     ⪮  pp  DOS     EXTERNAL.
     pp EMPTY p뢠 䠩, ᫨    p.
     pp EMPTY ⠢ ⠪  訡,    pp  OPEN
(뢠   ⮩  ).
     pp EMPTY ⠪ ᯮ   pp FILE.

10.13. pp OPEN.

⪠ OPEN(䠩)

     pp OPEN p뢠 䠩 DOS  p⪨.   pp  
 ⪮  pp DOS  EXTERNAL.
     pp OPEN ⠪ ᯮ  pp SCREEN,  REPORT  
FILE.
     pp CREATE,   EMPTY,   ADD,  GET,  PUT  SET ⮬᪨
p뢠 䠩 DOS,  ᫨  p.  pp  ᯮ-
, ⮡ ᭨,   䠩.

10.14. pp CLOSE.

⪠ CLOSE(䠩)



                                 - 78 -

     pp  CLOSE  p뢠  䠩  DOS.
     pp      ⪮  pp  DOS    EXTERNAL.
     pp CLOSE ⠪ ᯮ  pp SCREEN,  REPORT
 FILE.
     p p⨨ 䠩 DOS ᯨ뢠 ᮤp p DOS   -
 pp 䠩  ⠫, ᫨   pp 䠩.
⮬ ᫥   p p뢠 pp 䠩 DOS ᫥
᫥ 㯠     p⭮⥩   ⥬
 p⠭.
     pp CLOSE   易⥫,  ᪮  p
䠩 p뢠 p p襭 p  pp.   pp  RUN,
CHAIN    CALL  ⮬᪨ p뢠 p 䠩 DOS.  pp
CLOSE p  p⮬ 䠩 pp.

10.15. pp FLUSH.

⪠ FLUSH(䠩)

     pp FLUSH  室  ⠫  䠩 DOS.
     pp   ⪮ pp DOS  EXTERNAL.
     pp FLUSH ⠪ ᯮ  pp FILE.
     pp FLUSH     ᯮ짮  ᫥  pp  PUT  
pp ADD, p pp 䠩 DOS, ⠪    p-
  砥 ᡮ  p ⥬   .

10.16. pp SET.

p 1: ⪠ SET(䠩)
p 2: ⪠ SET(䠩, 㪠⥫)

     pp SET ᯮ  ⮣, ⮡  ᫥⥫
p 䠩 DOS.
     pp     ⪮  pp  DOS     EXTERNAL.
     pp SET ᯮ ⠪  pp FILE.
     pp NEXT ᫥⥫쭮 뢠      䠩  DOS.
pp SET ⠭   p , p -
  p⠭ pp NEXT.
     p 1  ⠭ 㪠⥫   1 (  p -
)   p 2 ⠭ 㪠⥫   祭  pp
.
     pp    ᫥ 祭  ⠭-
, p  p    1  ᫠ ⮢  -
.
     p pp  SET    p⮣ 䠩 p뢠 
䠩.

10.17. pp NEXT.

⪠ NEXT(䠩)

     pp NEXT ᫥⥫쭮 뢠    䠩  DOS  
pp RECORD.
     pp     ⪮  pp  DOS     EXTERNAL.
     pp NEXT  ⠪  ᯮ  pp FILE.
     pp SET ⠭ 㪠⥫ , p 㪠뢠 


                                 - 79 -

p   ⥭ pp NEXT.
       䠩 (pp DOS  p⮢  ASCII)   
 p p  pp RECORD. pp NEXT -
  㪠 㪠⥫ ,  ⥬ 㢥稢  㪠⥫
     ⮣,  ⮡ 㪠 ᫥ . -
    p,  祬 pp RECORD.  ⮬ 砥
 p     p⪮     ᯮ짮 㭪
BYTES.
      䠩 ASCII (pp DOS  p⮬ ASCII)   -
   㪠⥫      p    ᫥⥫쭮
p p.  ⠡樨 (ASCII  9) pp p-
  樨 ⠡p   1,  9,  17  .. p
᫥⥫쭮 p p ( p p⪨)   -
뢠  pp RECORD.  ᫨ ᫥⥫쭮 p p
室  p pp ,    ppp -
, 祬 pp ,  , 室騥     -
. ᫨  ⠭  p ,  ⠢襥  -
 p.  ᫥  뢠  䠩  ASCII  pp  NEXT
⠭ 㪠⥫        p  ᫥⥫쭮
p p.
     pp GET,   PUT    ADD      㪠⥫   
p⪨ SET/NEXT.
      p  横  SET/NEXT 筮 ᯮ pp LOOP
UNTIL EOF.  㭪 EOF ( 䠩)  뤠 祭   ᫥,
⮣  㤥 p⠭ pp NEXT ᫥   䠩.

10.18. pp GET.

p 1: ⪠ GET(䠩, 㪠⥫)
p 2: ⪠ GET(䠩, 㪠⥫, )

     pp GET 砩 p 뢠   䠩  DOS  
pp RECORD.
     pp   ⪮ pp DOS  EXTERNAL.
     pp GET ⠪ ᯮ  pp FILE  TABLE.
      p 1 pp  -  ᫥ 祭 ⠭,
p  p, 㪠뢠饥 ⭮⥫쭮  p
 ,  饩 ⥭.  (p   䠩 -  ⭮-
⥫   1).  祭 㪠⥫    ,   
p pp 䠩  .
      䠩 ASCII (䠩 DOS  p⠬ ASCII)  稭-
  pp   稢 p  p.   
⠡樨 (ASCCII  9)  p, p 樨 ⠡-
p   1, 9, 17  .. p p  p p⪨ 
뢠  pp RECORD.    䠩   -
 ,   pp RECORD.
      p 2 pp   祭 ⠭,  p-
  p,  ᮤp騬 ᫮ ⮢,    뢠.
pp     ,    p  p-
p RECORD.  ᫨ pp  室  ⨬ p,   
p  pp RECRD.

10.19. pp PUT.

p 1: ⪠ PUT(䠩)


                                 - 80 -

p 2: ⪠ PUT(䠩, 㪠⥫)
p 3: ⪠ PUT(䠩, 㪠⥫, )

     pp PUT  뢠  砩  p   pp
RECORD  䠩 DOS.
     pp  -  ⪠ pp DOS  EXTERNAL.
     pp PUT ⠪ ᯮ  pp FILE  TABLE.
     pp   ᫮ 祭 ⠭,  p-
  p,  p 㪠뢠 ⭮⥫    p
 ,  饩 뢠.  (p   䠩 
⭮⥫ ⮬ 1).  pp     ,
  p pp 䠩  .
     pp   ᫮ 祭  ⠭,   p
 p,  㪠뢠饥 ᫮ ⮢,  . pp
     p    p   p-
p RECORD.  ᫨ pp  p , pp DOS ⠭-
  䠩  pp .   ⮤    -
짮    ᥪ  䠩.   ᫨  pp    室 
⨬ p,   pp,   ᯮ  pp
RECORD.
     p 1 pp PUT   㪠⥫ , ⠭-
  ᫥ p饭 (  1, ᫨ 䠩 ⮫쪮  p)
 ,   ⠭    pp  .     ᯮ짮
pp PUT    䠩 ASCII.
     p 2 뢠 楫 pp RECORD      䠩,
㪠 pp   .
     p 3 뢠    pp  RECORD        䠩,
p pp   ⠪ ᫮ ⮢,   㪠
pp .
     pp PUT, p 뢠    䠩 p
 pp 䠩.
     p pp  PUT    p⮬  䠩  p뢠 
䠩.

10.20. pp ADD.

p 1: ⪠ ADD(䠩)
p 2: ⪠ ADD(䠩, )

     pp ADD pp 䠩 DOS.  p  
  pp DOS.
     pp  -  ⪠ pp DOS  EXTERNAL.
     pp ADD ⠪ ᯮ  pp FILE  TABLE.
     pp     ᫮ 祭 ⠭,  p
 p,  p 㪠뢠 ⢮ ⮢,  -
. pp        ,    p 
pp RECORD.  ᫨ pp  室  ⨬ p,
   pp  ᯮ  pp RECORD.
      p 1 pp ADD    ⠭  p  
pp RECORD.
      䠩 ASCII (䠩 DOS  p⠬ ASCII) p 1 p
祭 p   ⥬  p   䠩,
⠢   p p⪨/p p.
      p  2 pp    ᯮ짮  뢠
   .  pp    ,   -


                                 - 81 -

p 稭 p.   ⢨⥫쭮 ᠭ  
  pp .

10.21. 㭪 EOF( 䠩).

     EOF(䠩)

     㭪 EOF 뤠  楫, ᮤp饥  㫥 祭
(⨭), ᫨   ⠫ ᥩ, p   -
 pp NEXT. ᫨   ⠫ p ,  㭪
EOF() 뤠    祭    ().
     pp  -  ⪠ pp DOS  EXTERNAL.

     㭪 EOF() ⠪ ᯮ  pp FILE.

10.22. 㭪 POINTER.

POINTER(䠩)

     㭪 POINTER 뤠  楫,  ᮤp饥  ⭮⥫
  ,   p 뫮 ᫥ p饭  㪠
䠩 DOS.
     pp   -   ⪠ pp DOS  EXTERNAL.
     㭪 POINTER() p뢠 䠩, ᫨    p.
     㭪 POINTER()   ᯮ  ⠪    pp  FILE 
TAIBLE.
     pp NEXT   ᫥⥫쭮 뢠 䠩 DOS 
ᯮ짮 㪠⥫ ⮢.  㭪 POINTER()   ᯮ-
    p  .   pp SET 
㪠   ,  pp NEXT       pp
GET p p⢥  .

10.23. 㭪 BYTES.

     BYTES(䠩)

     㭪 BYTES()   뤠  楫,  ᮤp饥 pp 䠩
DOS  ᫮ ⮢,  p⠭  ᪠   ᫥  p饭  
㪠 䠩   DOS.
     pp  -  ⪠ pp DOS  EXTERNAL.
     p p ᫥ pp OPEN 㭪 BYTES()  뤠 p-
p 䠩 DOS  .  ᫥ ⮣,   䠩 p頫 pp
GET, NEXT,  PUT  ADD 㭪 BYTES() 뤠 ᫮ ⮢  ᫥
,   p 뫮 p饭.   㭪    ᯮ짮,
⮡    ⢨⥫쭮  ᫮ p⠭ ⮢ ( ⠡-
p pp   p p  p  p⪨)   
p p饭  䠩 ASCII.  㭪 BYTES()  ⠪ p㦨-
 p⪨      筮  䠩  DOS.

10.24. 㭪 NAME.

NAME(䠩)

     㭪 NAME()  뤠 p ᨬ,  ᮤp ᯥ䨪
䠩 DOS     ⠫.


                                 - 82 -

     pp  -  ⪠ pp DOS   EXTERNAL.
     㭪 NAME()  ᯮ ⠪  pp REPORT  FILE.
     ᫨ 䠩 p,  㭪 NAME() 뤠   ᯥ䨪-
.  p⨢ 砥 㭪 NAME() 뤠 ⠪ ᯥ䨪 䠩-
,   㪠  p NAME. ᫨ p NAME , 
㭪 NAME() 뤠  䠩  㬮砭.

10.25. 㭪 PATH.

     PATH()

     㭪 PATH()  뤠 p ᨬ, ᮤp ᠭ -
 ⥪饣 ⠫  pp.  ᪮  ⥪饣  ⠫  
pp 稭  p ⠫  ᮤp 㪢 -
祭 ᪮    p  ᫥  稥      㪠
pp.

10.26. 訡  DOS.
      뤠  訡,   ⠢  pp  p뢠騬
pp DOS   ᯮ 㭪樨 ERRORCODE()   ERROR().  㭪
ERRORCODE() 뤠   楫,  ᮤp饥 p ,   㭪
ERROR() 뤠 p ᨬ, ᮤp ᠭ  訡. -
    訡  뫠 ⠢,  㭪 ERRORCODE() 뤠-
 0,      㭪  ERROR()   뤠 㫥 p.


                                  - 83 -

12. p⪠  .
       Clarion ᯮ ᢮  (..   -
, p    ⠥ ⢮ ᫥ p㧪 pp)
 p pᯮ  p p浪 ⮢. 
뢠  뢠  ⠡   ⮬,   
뢠   뢠  䠩 Clarion.
     室   ⠡ ᮤp 㪠⥫  ᫥騩  (p
᫥饣 ), p騩  (p p饣 )
 .   ⨯ p樮 pp 뢠 " -
" p筥.
        ᮤp  65536 ⮢,    -
   ⨣ 65520 .

12.1. pp TABLE.

⪠ TABLE

     pp TABLE 뢠 ⠡ .   砥 pp
TABLE    ᫥騥      pp,    稢 窮 
pp END.
     ⪠ pp ᯮ pp  㭪ﬨ,  p-
騬 ⠡ .
      pp TABLE  ᯮ짮 p PRE.
       ⠡  뢠  pp pp GET, 
뢠  pp pp PUT, ADD, DELETE. p ᯮ짮-
  ⢥ p ( pp  pᢠ,   p
  ᯨ᪠ pp)  pp TABLE pᬠp  -
 GROUP.
      p    pp TABLE ᥪ,  p 祬 
㤥 ᠭ  ⠡  .   ⮬,     ⢥  ᫥
p    pp  TABLE ᫥ ᯮ짮 p ᢮
p (, pp,   ᠭ).

12.2. pp GET.

p 1: ⪠ GET(⠡, 㪠⥫)
p 2: ⪠ GET(⠡, )

     pp GET  뢠   ⠡   頥 
 pp TABLE.
     pp   -    ⪠  pp  TABLE   EXTERNAL.
     pp GET ⠪ ᯮ  pp DOS  FILE.
      p  1  pp GET 뢠   ⭮⥫쭮 -
樨, 㪠  pp .  pp    -
 ᫮   ⠭⮩  ⪮ ᫮ p,  p
ᠭ  pp TABLE. ᫨   p pp
TABLE,       pᬠp        㤮⢮p p 2
pp GET.  pp    1  ᫠,  p
 ⮢   .  ᫨  室   ,  
⠢ 訡 "ENTRY NOT FOUND" (  ).
      p  2  ᯮ   ,  p ᮮ-
 筨 pp .  pp    -
 p,   p ᠭ p pp TABLE;  p⨢
砥  pᬠp  ⭮⥫ 樮 㪠⥫.
      , ᮮ⢥ 樨 pp   p-


                                 - 84 -

p TABLE 뢠 箬.    ⠡   ⢫
p⢮ p 祭 pp   砬  ⠡ -
. ᫨   筮 ᮢ,   뢠  pp
TABLE. ᫨    筮 ᮢ  ,   ⠢ 訡
"ENTRY NOT FOUND".
     p 2  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  ,  ⠡ -
 㦥 㯮p冷祭    p饬 p浪.  ᮧ -
⢥饩 ᫥⥫쭮   pp ᮤp ⠡-
  (p    pp  SORT),   ᯮ  ,   
   (p  pp ADD)   ⠡ -
, ᯮ .

12.3. pp PUT.

⪠ PUT (⠡)

     pp PUT 뢠 pp TABLE  ⠡   ⭮-
⥫      ,    ⢫   ᫥  ᯥ
pp GET  ADD.
     pp   ⪮ pp TABLE  EXTERNAL.
     pp PUT ⠪ ᯮ  pp DOS  FILE.
     ᫨ ᫥  pp  GET  뢠     ,  
pp PUT  pp ᫥⥫쭮 ⠡,  ᫨ -
 祢  .

12.4. pp DELETE.

⪠ DELETE (⠡)

     pp DELETE 㤠  ,  pᯮ  ⭮-
⥫쭮 室 樨 ᫥ ᯥ譮 pp GET    ADD.
     pp     ⪮ pp TABLE  EXTERNAL.
     pp DELETE ⠪ ᯮ  pp DOS  FILE.

12.5. pp ADD.

p 1: ⪠ ADD (⠡)
p 2: ⪠ ADD (⠡, 㪠⥫)
p 3: ⪠ ADD (⠡, )

     pp ADD 뢠   , p   p-
p TABLE.
     pp   ⪮ pp TABLE    EXTERNAL.
     pp ADD  ⠪ ᯮ  pp DOS  FILE.
      p 1 pp ADD 頥        ⠡
.
      p 2 pp ADD 頥       ⭮⥫
, 㪠  pp .   ⠢ 
  ⠪ p,   p   ⮩   -
᮪  "ᤢ p"  ⠡.
     pp    ᫮ ⠭⮩   -
 ᫮  p,  p ᠭ  pp TABLE.  ᫨
 ᠭ p pp,    pᬠp    
ᮮ⢥ p  3 pp ADD.  ᫨ pp  
   ⢠ ⮢  ⠡    -


                                 - 85 -

,   pp pp   頥   ⠡-
 .
      p 3 pp ADD ⠢    pp
⠡ . pp    ⪮ p, -
ᠭ p  pp TABLE;  p⨢ 砥  pᬠp
 㪠⥫ ⭮⥫쭮 樨.   , ᮮ⢥-
 樨   pp      pp  TABLE 뢠 箬.
pp ADD ⠢   ⠡ p⢥  ᫥  
p㣨 ᮮ⢥   祩.  ⮬,    㡫p묨
砬 室  ⠡  ⮩ ᫥⥫쭮,    -
﫨      (᫨  ⮫쪮    ⠡   뫠 p
pp).
     p 3  ᯮ짮   砥,  ⠡ 㯮p冷-
祭  p⠭ 祢 pp.  ᮧ ᮮ⢥饩
㯮p冷祭  ⠡   믮 pp  -
 pp        祢  pp
(砢  ⮩ ⠡ ).
     ᫨     ⠫ ᢮ ,    p-
p p   䠩 Clarion 㬥   ppp
 ᢮ .  p p뢠  p⭮  뤥-
 p浪.

12.6. pp SORT.

⪠ SORT (⠡, )

     pp SORT  pp    p饬 p浪.
     pp   ⪮ pp TABLE    EXTERNAL.
᫨ pp     ⪮ pp TABLE,   pp
   ⪮  p,   p  뫠  ᠭ  p
pp TABLE.    ᫨  pp    ⪮ pp
EXTERNAL,  pp    ⪮ pp EXTERNAL.
      ⮢,   ᮮ⢥  樨  pp   
pp TABLE 뢠 箬.    pp  ⠪
p, ⮡  pᯮ  p饬 p浪.  
묨 砬 p ᢮  ⭮⥫  ,   ⮬
 p⭮   p  pp  SORT   pp 祩
p 祩.
     pp ⠡   ⢫   
pp GET  ADD.

12.7. pp FREE.

⪠ FREE (⠡)

     pp ⠡  FREE p     ᢮-
 , p  .
     pp   ⪮ pp TABLE    EXTERNAL.
     pp FREE ⠪ ᯮ  ᢮ , 뤥-
 pp CACHE  BUFFER.

12.8. 㭪 POINTER.

POINTER (⠡)

     㭪 POINTER p頥  楫, ᮤp饥 ⭮⥫-


                                 - 86 -

  ,   p 뫮 ⢫ ᫥ p-
.
     pp      ⪮  pp  TABLE  
EXTERNAL.
     㭪 POINTER  ⠪  ᯮ   pp DOS  FILE.
     p頥 㭪樥 祭        (p
)  ⢠ ⮢ (᫥ ).

12.9. 㭪 RECORDS.

RECORDS (⠡)

     㭪 RECORDS p頥  楫,  ᮤp饥 ⢮
⮢ .
     pp       ⪮  pp  TABLE 
EXTERNAL.
     㭪 RECORDS ⠪ ᯮ  pp FILE.

12.10. 訡  .
      뤠 訡,  ⠢塞  pp,   p뢠騬
⠡ ,   ᯮ 㭪樨 ERRORCODE()   ERROR().
     㭪 ERRORCODE()  p頥  楫,  ᮤp饥 p
,   㭪 ERROR() p頥 p, ᮤp ᠭ 
⠢ 訡.


                                  - 87 -

13. 㭪樨 몠 Clarion.

13.1. ⥬᪨ 㭪樨.

13.1.1. 㭪 S.

ABS(p)

     㭪 ABS() 뤠 ᮫ 稭 ᫮ p.
     ᮫⭠ 稭 ⥫쭮  ᠬ ᫮;  -
⭠ 稭  p⥫쭮 ᫠  ᠬ ᫮ -
  (-1).
     pp    p⠢  ᫮ p-
.
      祭, 뤠 㭪樥, ⢥.

13.1.2. 㭪 INRANGE.

INRANGE(p, , p孨)

     㭪 INRANGE()   p  ᫮  p  騬
᫮ .
     㭪 INRANGE()  뤠  楫, ᮤp饥  (-
⨭), ᫨  祭 p   㪠    
(), ᫨ 祭 p    㪠 .
     pp  -  ᫮ p,  ᮤp饥  -
, p 室 pp.
     pp     ᫮묨 pﬨ,   -
p p⠢   p孨 p  ( 窨
⠪   ).

13.1.3. 㭪 INT.

INT(p)

     㭪 INT()  뤠 楫  祭 ᫮  p.
p㣫 祭 p ⮬  p.
     pp    p⠢  ᫮ p-
.
     뤠 祭  ⢥.

13.1.4. 㭪 LOGE.

LOGE(p)

     㭪 LOGE()  뤠 p p  祭  ᫮
p.
     p p ᫠ -  ⥯,   p 㦭  -
 ᫮ e,  ⮡  祭, p ⮬ .
     祭  p 2.71828182846.
     pp    p⠢  ᫮ p-
.   p p p   祭  
 p .  ⮬ 㭪 LOGE()  뤠 , ᫨ 祭
  p蠥 .
     뤠 祭  ⢥.



                                 - 88 -

13.1.5. 㭪 LOG10.

LOG10(p)

     㭪 뤠  p 祭 ᫮ p.
      p ᫠ -  ⥯,  p 㦭 -
 ᫮ 10,  ⮡  祭, p  .
     pp    p⠢  ᫮ p-
.   p p  祭  -
 p .  ⮬ 㭪 LOG10()  뤠 ,  ᫨ 祭
  p蠥 .
     뤠 祭  ⢥.

13.1.6. 㭪 RANDOM.

RANDOM(, p孨)

     㭪 RANDOM()  pp 砩 楫     
   p孨 p ⥫쭮.
     pp     묨 ᫮묨  p-
,  ᯮ ⮫쪮  楫   pp -
  ( 窨 ⠪   ).
     뤠 祭   楫.

13.1.7. 㭪 ROUND.

ROUND(p, p冷)

     㭪 ROUND()  뤠 祭 p, p㣫  -
 .
     pp  -   ᫮ p.
     pp   p,  祭  p  p
⥯ . ᫨ pp    p ⥯ 10,
 ᯮ    p⭠ ⥯.
     뤠 祭  ⢥.

13.1.8. 㭪 SQRT.

SQRT(p)

     㭪   뤠   祭   p⭮   p  p.
     p p - 稭 -  ᫮, p p -
  ᠬ ᥡ   p 祭,  p ⮩ -
.
     pp   -      ᫥ p.  ,
p p p⥫쭮 ᫠ p,   ⮬,   ᫨
pp  p⠢ p⥫ ᫮,   㭪 SQRT
뤠 .
     뤠 祭  ⢥.

13.2. pp᪨ 㭪樨.
     pp᪨ 㭪樨 뤠 祭,  p⠢騥 㣫
 ⭮襭 p pאַ㣮쭮 p㣮쭨 - p㣮쭨,  -
p  㣮 pאַ (p 90 pᮢ).  p pאַ㣮쭮
p㣮쭨 p⨢ pאַ 㣫 뢠 ⨭㧮. 
   p㣨 㣫 p p p 㣮   -


                                 - 89 -

⨭㧮,  p⨢ p 室 p⨢ ⮣ 㣫. -
 p  p.   p p⢠,   ᯥ稢騥
᮪ 筮   p  ⠭  ᫠    pp
 pᠬ  p.

PI       EQUATE(3.1415926535898) ! ᫮ 
RAD2DEG  EQUATE(57.295779513082) !   ⢮ p
DEG2RAD  EQUATE(.0174532925199)  !   ⢮ pᮢ

13.2.1. 㭪 SIN.

SIN(p)

     㭪 SIN()  뤠 祭 pp᪮ ᨭ  㣫.
      㣫  p⠢  ᮡ ⭮襭  p⨢
   ⨭.
     pp   -  p,  ᮤp饥 祭 稭
㣫  p.
     뤠 祭  ⢥.

13.2.2. 㭪 COS.

COS(p)

     㭪 COS() 뤠 祭 pp᪮ ᨭ 㣫.
     ᨭ 㣫 p⠢ ᮡ ⭮襭  p饣  -
   ⨭.
     pp  -  p,  ᮤp饥 祭  稭
㣫  p.
     뤠 祭  ⢥.

13.2.3. 㭪 TAN.

TAN(p)

     㭪 TAN() 뤠 祭 pp᪮ ⠭ 㣫.
      㣫 p⠢ ᮡ ⭮襭  p⨢
   p饣 .
     pp   -  p,  ᮤp饥 祭 稭
㣫  p.
     뤠 祭  ⢥.

13.2.4. 㭪 ASIN.

ASIN(p)

     㭪 ASIN() 뤠 p ᨭ.
     p ᨭ 祭 ᨭ 㣫 -  ᠬ 㣮, p 
 祭.
     pp  -  祭 ᨭ 㣫.
     뤠 祭  ⢥ 稭,  ᮤp饩
ᮮ⢥騩 㣮, p  p.

13.2.5. 㭪 ACOS.

ACOS(p)


                                 - 90 -

     㭪 ACOS()  뤠 p ᨭ.
     p ᨭ 祭 ᨭ 㣫 -  ᠬ 㣮,  p
  祭.
     pp  -  祭 ᨭ 㣫.
     뤠 祭  ⢥ 稭,  ᮤp饩
ᮮ⢥騩 㣮, p  p.

13.2.6. 㭪 AAN.

ATAN(p)

     㭪 ATAN()  뤠 p ⠭.
     p ⠭ 祭 ⠭ 㣫 -  ᠬ 㣮,  p
   祭.
     pp  -  祭 ⠭ 㣫.
     뤠 祭  ⢥ 稭,  ᮤp饩
ᮮ⢥騩 㣮, p  p.

13.3. Cp 㭪樨.
      p  㭪  ⢥ pp   ⢥ 뤠-
 祭 ᯮ p (string). ᫨  ⢥ p-
 pp ᯮ ᫮ p,    ⮬᪨
pp  p.

13.3.1. 㭪 ALL.

ALL(p, )

     㭪 ALL()  뤠 p,  ᮤp  p  p
᫥⥫쭮 ᨬ.
     pp  -  p p, ᮤp饥 ᫥-
⥫쭮 ᨬ, p  p.
     pp  -  易⥫쭮 ᫮ p, ᮤp-
饥 祭  뤠 p.  ᫨ pp  饭, 
 뤠 p ⠢ 255 ᨬ.

13.3.2. 㭪 CENTER.

CENTER(p, )

     㭪 CENTER()  業pp p.
     p騥   p 㤠  p,  p
⥬ 業pp  砥 뤠 p.
     pp  -  p p, ᮤp饥 業pp-
 p.
     pp  -  易⥫쭮 ᫮ p, ᮤp-
饥 祭  뤠 p.  ᫨ pp  饭, 
뤠 p 㤥    ,   pp .

13.3.3. 㭪 CHR.

CHR()

     㭪 CHR() pp ASCII   ᮮ⢥騩  ᨬ
ASCII.


                                 - 91 -

     pp  -  ᫮ p, ᮤp饥 ᫮ ASCII
.
     뤠 稭 p⠢ ᮡ ⮢ p,  -
p ᮮ⢥騩   ᨬ  ASCII.

13.3.4. 㭪 CLIP.

CLIP(p)

     㭪 CLIP() 㤠  p  p.
     pp   -    p p,  p  -
p   p.
     뤠 p  p⠢  ᮡ  p   
p.

13.3.5. 㭪 DEFORMAT.

DEFORMAT(p, p)

     㭪 DEFORMAT() 㤠  p ᨬ  pp.
     pp   -  p p,  ᮤp饥 ᫮
p, p  ᮡp pp.
     pp  -  易⥫ ᨬ p -
 ⪠ pp STRING, ᯮ饣 ᨬ p  -
 pp.
     pp p ⢫  ᮮ⢥⢨  易-
⥫ pp .  ᫨ pp  饭, 
p pp     ᮮ⢥⢨       ᠭ   ᨬ
p. ᫨   뫮 ᠭ   p,   㤠
 ⨬ ᨬ. (⨬묨  p騥 p-
, p騩  , p  0  9  筠 筠
窠).

13.3.6. 㭪 FORMAT.

FORMAT(稭, p)

     㭪 FORMAT()  pp 稭  ᮮ⢥⢨  
p.
     pp  -  ᫮ p, p ᮤp -
稭,   pp.
     pp  -  易⥫ ᨬ p -
 ⪠ pp STRING, ᯮ饣 ᨬ p  -
 pp.
     뤠 p p⠢ ᮡ 稭,  pp
 ᮮ⢥⢨   p.

13.3.7. 㭪 INSNRING.

INSTRING(p, p, 蠣)

     㭪 INSTRING() 蠣  蠣 p  p  ᪠
p.
      p襭 㭪 INSTRING()  뤠  p  ᯥ譮  蠣


                                 - 92 -

(p 蠣  p 1),   , ᫨ p  뫠 -
.
     pp  -  p p, ᮤp饥 ᪮
p ᨬ.
     pp  -  p,  p ⢫ .
     pp  -  ᫮ p, ᮤp饥 祭 
蠣. ᫨   蠣 p ,   p 稭 
 ᨬ p; p  蠣    稭    
p ᨬ   ..  ᫨ pp  饭,   祭 
蠣 ⠭ p  p.

13.3.8. 㭪 LEFT.

LEFT(p, )

     㭪 LEFT() p  p p.
     p騥 p  㤠  p,   p p
⥬ p,    p 室  p.
     pp   -   p p,  ᮤp饥 p,
 p p   p.
     pp  -  易⥫쭮 ᫮ p, ᮤp-
饥  p p.  ᫨ pp  饭,  뤠-
 p 㤥  ⠪  ,   pp p.

13.3.9. 㭪 LEN.

LEN(p)

     㭪 LEN() 뤠 祭  p.
     pp   -    p  p.   ᫨  p
p ⮨  ⢥ p p (STRING, GROUP,
RECORD  ..),   㭪 LEN() 뤠 祭  ᠭ .
 p⨢ 砥 㭪 LEN() 業  p, pp
 ᫮,  ᫨  室,   뤠 祭   -
⥫쭮 p筮 祭.

13.3.10. 㭪 LOWER.

LOWER(p)

     㭪 LOWER() pp 㪢 p孥 pp  㪢 -
 pp.
     pp  -  p p, ᮤp饥 pp-
 p.
     뤠 稭  p⠢ ᮡ p,   p 㪢
p孥 pp ( ""  "Z")     묨  㪢
 pp ( ""  "z").

13.3.11. 㭪 NUMERIC.

NUMERIC(p)

     㭪  NUMERIC() pp      p  ᫮.
     ⨬ ᫮ p  p,   p  ᮤp
⮫쪮: 易⥫  p騥 p,  易⥫ p-


                                 - 93 -

騩  "",  p  0  9  易⥫ 
.
     pp  -  p p,  ᮤp饥  ᫮
p.
     뤠  p⠢ ᮡ   楫,   ᮤp饥
 (),   ᫨ pp ᫮ p ⨬,   
(), ᫨ .

13.3.12. 㭪 RIGHT.

RIGHT(p, )

     㭪 RIGHT() p p p p.
 p  㤠    p,   p p p ⥬
p,    p 室 p.
     pp   -   p p,  ᮤp饥 p,
p p p   p.
     pp  -  易⥫쭮 ᫮ p, ᮤp-
饥  p p.  ᫨ pp  饭,  뤠-
 p 㤥  ⠪  ,   pp p.

13.3.13. 㭪 SUB.

SUB(p, , )

     㭪 SUB() 뤠 p p㣮 p.
     pp  -  p p.
     pp  -  ᫮ p,  ᮤp饥 砫
  窨 p. ᫨ pp  ⥫, 
 㪠뢠    p ᨬ p ⭮⥫쭮 砫 p.
᫨ pp  p⥫,    ᮫⭠ 稭 㪠-
뢠  p ᨬ p ⭮⥫쭮   p.
     pp  -  ᫮  ⠭,   ᮤp  祭
 p.    ᫨ pp  - ,   pp 
 ,  㭪 SUB() 뤠 㫥 p.

13.3.14. 㭪 UPPER.

UPPER(p)

     㭪 UPPER()  pp  㪢    pp    㪢
p孥 pp.
     pp  -  p p, ᮤp饥 pp-
 p.
     뤠 稭 p⠢ ᮡ p,   p  㪢
 pp   (  "a"   "z")   묨 㪢
p孥 pp ( "A"  "Z").

13.3.15. 㭪 VAL.

VAL(ᨬ)

     㭪 VAL() pp ᨬ  ᮮ⢥騩  ASCII .
     pp   -   ⮢ p,  ᮤp ᨬ.
     뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ  楫, ᮤp饥
ᮮ⢥騩 ASCII .


                                 - 94 -

13.4. 㭪樨 権  ⠬.
     㭪樨 権  ⠬ 믮  ᪨  p樨  
ᥬ 32   ⠬  楫.  pp  㭪権 
楫 ᫮ p,  ᮤp騥 祭       (
᪫祭 BSHIFT,  p ᯮ 祭   稪 ᤢ-
). p    室  p  믮   ᪮   p樨
pp pp   楫.

13.4.1. 㭪 BAND.

BAND(祭, ᪠)

     㭪 BAND() 믮 p pp來   祭
  ᪮ .
     pp來    p    砥, ᫨
 p ᮤp ,   , ᫨    p -
p .
     pp    -   楫  p,   ᮤp騥
祭 ⮢, pp㥬 p 室   楫 p
믮 p樨 AND.
     뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ  楫, ᮤp饥
    ⮢,       ᮤp -
,  ᮤp饥   p㣨  ⮢.

13.4.2. 㭪 BOR.

BOR(祭, ᪠)

     㭪 BOR() 믮 p pp來   祭-
   ᪮ .
     pp來       p    砥,
᫨    p   p  ᮤp  ,   
, ᫨   p ᮤp .
     pp    -   楫  p,   ᮤp騥
祭 ⮢, pp㥬 p 室   楫 p
믮 p樨 .
     뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ  楫, ᮤp饥
    ⮢,      pp  
,      pp ᮤp ;  ᮤp饥  
p㣨  ⮢.

13.4.3. 㭪 BXOR.

BXOR(祭, ᪠)

     㭪 BOR()  믮 p pp來 ᪫饣 
 祭   ᪮ .
     pp來 ᪫饥    p   
 砥,  ᫨ ,    , p ᮤp ,  ,
᫨  p ᮤp   .
     pp       -  楫 p,  ᮤp騥
祭 ⮢, pp㥬 p 室   楫 p
믮 p樨 ᪫饣 .
     뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ  楫, ᮤp饥
       ⮢,   p   ,    
pp    ᮤp  ;    ᮤp饥    
p㣨  ⮢.


                                 - 95 -

13.4.4. 㭪 BSHIFT.

BSHIFT(祭, 稪)

     㭪 BSHIFT()  ᤢ 祭   稭,  㪠
稪 ⮢.
     祭       ᤢ    ( p ᮪
p浪)   p ( p  p浪). 㫥  -
  樨 ⮢.
     pp  -  楫 p, ᮤp饥 祭 -
, p    ᫥ ᤢ.  p 室 p 믮
p樨 ᤢ pp    pp    
楫.
     pp  -  ᫮ p,  ᮤp饥  㪠
 ᫮ ᤢ 権 ⮢.  ᫨ pp  ⥫-
,    ᤢ   ⢮ 権,   㪠
pp .  ᫨ pp  p⥫,  
ᤢ p  ⢮ 権,  㪠 pp  -
.

13.5. pp  㭪樨   p.
      몥 Clarion   p    p⠢  p
p   楫.  楫 ᮤp   p,
p  ⠭p⭮ p. ᯮ짮 ⠭p⭮ p-
      p 㬥蠥 p   p  砥
易   p䬥⨪.
     ⠭p⭠   -  ⢮ ,  p襤  28 p
1800   墠뢠 p  1 ﭢp 1801     31  p
2099 .   ⮣,  ⮡    ⠭p⭮  㦭
p   7.  ᫨ ⮪ p 0,    㤥  pᥭ;
 - 쭨;  - p  ..
     ⠭p⭮ p -  ⢮  ᥪ㭤, 稭  -
㭮, p  墠뢠    ⮩ ᥪ㭤 ᫥ -
㭮 (⠭p⭮  p  1)       㭮  (⠭p⭮  p
8640000).    ⥬  p  筮 0.01 ᥪ., -
,   p室  ⮩ 18.2 p  ᥪ㭤.

13.5.1. pp SETTODAY.

SETTODAY()

     pp SETTODAY() ⠭   ⥬ DOS.
     pp   -  ᫮ p,  ᮤp饥 ⠭p
, p 㤥 ᯮ짮  ⢥ ⥪饩 .

13.5.2. 㭪 TODAY.

TODAY()

     㭪 TODAY()  뤠 ⥪    ⥬  DOS.
     㭪 TODAY()    pp, , ᪮ p p-
   室.
     뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ  楫, ᮤp饥
  ⠭p⭮ p .
       ⮣,   ⮡     p  ⥪饩     
p   p      㭪樥   TODAY()     


                                 - 96 -

ᯮ짮    㭪    FORMAT().    pp,     㭪
FORMAT(TODAY(),@D1) 뤠 ⥪    11/23/87.

13.5.3. pp SETCLOCK.

SETCLOCK(p)

     pp SETCLOCK()  ⠭  ⥬ DOS ⥪饥  p.
     pp  -  ᫮ p,  ᮤp饥 ⠭p⭮
p, p 㤥 ᯮ짮  ⢥ ⥪饣 p.

13.5.4. 㭪 CLOCK.

CLOCK(p)

     㭪 CLOCK()  ⥬ DOS p ⮪.
     㭪 CLOCK()    pp, , ᪮ p p-
   室.  뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ 
楫, ᮤp饥 ⥪饥 p  p ⠭p⭮ p.
      ⮣,  ⮡  ⥪饥 p   p  p
 ᯮ짮   㭪 FORMAT()   㭪樥 CLOCK().  pp,
㭪 FORMAT(CLOCK(),@T3) 뤠 ⥪饥 p   10:46 AM.

13.5.5. 㭪 DATE.

DATE(, , )

     㭪 DATE()   ⠭p    , -
  .
     pp ,    -  ᫮ p, ᮤp騥
,    p .
     pp       .  p ᫥
⠭p⭮  ⨬ pp   , p 室 
 p.  13-  砥 ﭢp ᫥饣 ,    32
ﭢp 砥   1  䥢p.
     pp    祭  p  00  99  
1801  2099. ᫨ 祭 ⮣ pp  100,    -
 1900.
     뤠 祭 p⠢  楫, ᮤp饥 ⠭-
p .

13.5.6. 㭪 DAY.

DAY()

     㭪 DAY()     ⠭p⭮    
( 1  31).
     pp  -  ᫮ p,  ᮤp饥  ⠭p
  p  4  109211. ᫨ pp   p 
p ,    ⮬᪨ pp    ⠭p
.
     뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ  楫, ᮤp饥
᪮  .



                                 - 96 -

13.5.7. 㭪 MONTH.

MONTH()

     㭪 MONTH()    ⠭p⭮   
( 1  12).
     pp   -  ᫮ p,  ᮤp饥 ⠭p
  p  4  109211. ᫨ pp   p 
p ,      ⮬᪨ pp  ⠭p
.
     뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ  楫, ᮤp饥
᪮  .

13.5.8. 㭪 YEAR.

YEAR()

     㭪 YEAR()     ⠭p⭮      (
1801  2099).
     pp  -  ᫮ p,  ᮤp饥  ⠭p
  p  4  109211. ᫨ pp   p 
p ,    ⮬᪨ pp    ⠭p
.
     뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ  楫, ᮤp饥
᪮ .

13.5.9. 㭪 AGE.

AGE( p,  )

     㭪 AGE()  p, 稭   .
     pp   -  ᫮ p, ᮤp饥 
p.
     pp   -  ᫮ p, ᮤp饥 -
 .   pp 室  p ⠭p⭮ .
     뤠 祭  p⠢  ᮡ   p,    ᮤp
p, 易   ⮩ p,   ᨬ   .
᫨   饭  ᯨ᪥ pp,   ᯮ  
㭪樨 TODAY() DOSa. p 뤠  ᫥ p:

 1 to 60 days - `nn DAYS`
 61 days to 24 months - `nn MOS`
 2 to 1?? yeas - `nnn YRS`

      p,      ᯮ짮 p 祭
, ᮤp饣 ⮫쪮  p,   筮 p-
.    몥 Clarion ⠬,    -p 祭
, p뢠  20- ⮫⨥.  ⮬, ⠭p⭠ , -
樨p㥬  6/12/1996 ,  p, 1896.
     㭪 AGE()  ppp ⠪  쭮  ⥬  㤠
⭨        p,  p p蠥  .
᪮ p⭮,    p,    ⮬ p
 p  ⮬  ᠬ p,  , ,  p-
 ppp  訡.



                                 - 97 -

13.6. p㣨 pp  㭪樨.

13.6.1. pp BEEP.

BEEP(, ⥫쭮)

     pp BEEP() 砥 㪮 ᨣ ᮫.
     pp   -    ᫮  p  ⪠ ᫮
p, ᮤp饩  祭  ⮭ 㪮 ᨣ. ᫨
pp    饭,      㬮砭 ⠭ 150 Hz.
(p砭:   祭   100  㪮  ᨣ  
  ).
     pp  -  ᫮ p  ⪠  ᫮-
 p,  ᮤp饩 ⥫쭮 㪮 ᨣ  0.01 -
㭤. ᫨ pp  饭,   㬮砭 p
16 (0.16 ce).

13.6.2. pp IN.

IN(p, )

     pp IN()  뢠   室 p,  ᯮ -
 IN 設 몠.
     pp   -  ᫮ p ,  ᮤp饥 ⨬
祭 p p.  (.  The  IBM  Personal  Computer  Technical
Referens Manual,   p ᠭ ⨬ p p⮢.)
pp     p.  ᫨ pp  
p⠢ ᮡ   pp BYTE  SHORT,    p p
pp AL 뢠 ⢥   p浪;  p⨢
砥 뢠     p   p pp AX.   
  室 p  ᯮ짮 pp OUT.

13.6.3. 㭪 MAXIMUM.

MAXIMUM(p, )

     㭪 MAXIMUM()  뤠 ᨬ쭮 祭   -
ᨢ.
     ᨬ 祭 p   p  pp
p DIM,  ᨬ 祭 p   p
pp  ..
     pp    -     ⪠  ᨢ    ᮯ騬
p묨 ᪮ ("[]").
     pp   -   p   p p訢
ᨬ쭮 祭.   饣  㭪 MAXIMUM()
뤠 0. 뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ  楫.

13.6.4. 㭪 MEMORY.

MEMORY()

     㭪 MEMORY()  뤠  饩 ᢮  ( -
).
        ᯮ    ⠡    p
䠩.


                                 - 99 -

     뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ  楫,  ᮤp饥
⢮ ⮢ ᢮ .

13.6.5. 㭪 OMITTED.

OMITTED()

     㭪 OMITTED 㪠뢠  ⢮    pp    ᯨ᪥
pp:   p p饭  㭪樨  p楤p 짮⥫.
     pp  -  ᫮ p,   ᮤp饥  
pp  ᯨ᪥ pp. 뤠 祭 p⠢ ᮡ
 楫,  ᮤp饥 ,  ᫨ pp  ⮩ 樨  
饭,     ,   ᫨    pp     饭.  樨
pp, 室騥  ᫥ pp  饭묨.

13.6.6. pp OUT.

OUT(p, 뢮)

     pp OUT 뢮   室 p,  ᯮ 
OUT 設   몠.
     pp  -  ᫮ p,   ᮤp饥  ⨬
p p.  (.  IBM Personal Computer Technical Reference Manual,
 p ᠭ ⨬ p p⮢). ᫨ pp -
  ⪮ pp BYTE  SHORT,   뢠 -
⢥   p浪 p pp AX;  p⨢ 砥 
  p浪 뢠  p p pp .  -
   p  ᯮ짮 pp IN.

13.6.7. pp PEEK.

PEEK(ᥣ: ᬥ饨, 祭)

     pp PEEK 뢠 室 p    p  ,
㪠  p ᥣ:  ᬥ饭.
     pp :   -  ⢥ ᫮  p-
, p⠢饥   p ᥣ    ᮪ p浪 
ᬥ饭     p浪.       ⢥
᫠ ᯮ  ᯥ祭 32-  ⮢.
     pp  -   室 p. ᫨ pp
  ⪮ pp BYTE,  SHORT, LONG  REAL, 
pp PEEK 뢠 , , p  ᥬ ⮢ ᮮ⢥-
⢥. ᫨  pp   ⪮ pp DECIMAL,
STRING  GROUP,   pp PEEK 뢠 ᫮  ⮢,   p
 p.    ᫨  ᥣ  ᬥ饭 ᮤp  p
p,   pp PEEK  ppp     
㪠  ᯮᮡ:

PEEK(SEGMENT * 256.0 * 256.0+OFFSET.DEST)
PEEK(BSHIFT(SEGMENT,16)+OFFSET.DEST)

13.6.8. pp POKE.

POKE(ᥣ: ᬥ饭, 筨)



                                 - 100 -

     pp  뢠 室  p    p  ,
㪠  p ᥣ:  ᬥ饭.
     pp :   -  ⢥ ᫮  p-
, p⠢饥   p ᥣ    ᮪ p浪 
ᬥ饭     p浪.       ⢥
᫠ ᯮ  ᯥ祭 32-  ⮢.
     pp  -   室 p.  ᫨  pp
  ⪮ pp BYTE,  SHORT,  LONG  REAL,  
pp P 뢠 , , p  ᥬ ⮢ ᮮ⢥-
⢥. ᫨    pp   ⪮ pp DECIMAL,
STRING  GROUP,   pp P 뢠 ᫮  ⮢,   p
 p.    ᫨  ᥣ  ᬥ饭 ᮤp  p
p,   pp P  ppp     
㪠  ᯮᮡ:

 POKE(SEGMENT * 256.0 * 256.0+OFFSET.DEST)
 POKE(BSHIFT(SEGMENT,16)+OFFSET.DEST)

13.6.9. 㭪 RUNCODE.

RUNCODE()

     㭪 RUNCODE() 뤠 室 , p DOS ᫥-
 ,  ᯮ pp RUN.  室  
⥬    ᠬ  ,   p   pp   -   DOSa
IFERRORLEVEL.
     뤠  p⠢ ᮡ  楫.
     㭪 RUNCODE() ppp p 室 祭  p-
 権,   室  . 뤠 祭 - 1
砥,   pp RUN   ᯮ. 뤠 -
 - 2 砥,   pp RUN  ᯮ,  室  -
 -   ⮣,         ᯮ
p訢 pp,   ⮬,   뫠 ᯮ p
 DOS   (pp  p   DOS  DEL,  REN 
COPY). 뤠  祭 - 3 砥,   pp RUN   
  p㧨 COMMAND.COM.
