          嬥ୠ 䨪:    Z-ਧ樨


                         . ਭ

      
     ᫨    㧭,  室    PC,
   ᨮ ࠡ稥 ⠭樨.  ।-
,  饯ਭ  ᥩ    PC  (, ⥢ ,
32-ࠧ來 ), 㦥   뫨    ணࠬ
ᯥ祭 ࠡ ⠭権.
     饩 ⥫쭮 樥 孮  ணࠬ-
  ᯥ祭  ࠡ ⠭権   ᮭ쭮 孨
㤥 ᪠ ,    ᥩ ⮫쪮
 ண ࠡ ⠭. ਬ, ந  -
  㢥祭  ꥬ  ࠦ, 㯭  PC,
 ਬ ᯥ樠஢ ஢  -
 ८ࠧ, ᯮ㥬  ࠡ⪨ 嬥 -
ࠦ.    ⠭⮢   প  ⥩  PC
  筮.

                                 
                   1. 嬥 ਫ
                           
      㬥  ந  ࠦ  嬥
⢥  ⥫   祭 魮 室, -
 ਪ ணࠬ     룮. ,
 ⭮, ஥஢ 堭᪨ ⠫   ⠢
ந 嬥 ⥦.  ஥஢騪 ⠭-
    ந⥫,  ᫨      ⫨
।⠢    ७.  ⥬ ந-
 嬥 ࠦ  ᬠਢ  
ந쭮 ࠢ  ﭨ, 䥪⭮  ꥪ
 ࠭⢥. ᫨  ஥஢騪      ᢮⢠
᢮  (梥, ᢥ饭  ..), ⥬   -
ࠧ    १.       ࠭祭
⠡    PC,  筮 ॠ   ᯥ-
쭮  ,    ࠢ  ᯥ樠஢묨,
⠭묨 饭ﬨ,  ⨢ ࠡ稬 ⠭-
,   設⢮ ᪨ ⥬ ਬ ஬諥-
 ⠭, ⠪  PHIGS  GKS.
     ⮡ 業 , 室  嬥୮ -
樮쭮, ࠢ ⥪ ᪨ ࠡ  ⠭権
  ᮢ६ PC  VGA ஬.  ࠡ  嬥묨 -
ﬨ,    ।  㬥 ८ࠧ뢠 -
  ꥪ  ஢ न  嬥୮ ।⠢-
, ஥   ࠭.  ⥬,  饩  ᯥ樠-
஢   ।  ࠡ  嬥୮ -
,  ८ࠧ  믮 業ࠫ  -
஬, ᫥⥫쭮   ⨬  ६.
      㣮 ஭, ᪨ ࠡ稥 ⠭樨 筮 
--------------------

Ron  M.Brinkmann  -  孨᪨  ⠭  ஥   Appolo
Systems Division  Hewllett Packard.
                            - 2 -
                      嬥ୠ 䨪


ᯥ樠஢    饩  窨,  
८ࠧ ࠦ (transform  engine)  (.  㭮).
।祭 ᯥ樠쭮  ८ࠧ 嬥୮ ।-
⠢  ࠦ  嬥୮,   ⢥ 㢥-
稢 ᪮ ⠪ ८ࠧ.  祭, 
ଠ ࠭   ࠭  ᪮  ⥬
      ࠦ. ⥬ ८ࠧ ࠦ
뢭 ᪠  ࠦ, ।,   窨
㦭 ᢥ稢  ࠭.
          
     
                    ࠤ樮 䨣
                   ᪨ ࠡ ⠭権
     
Ŀ         Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ
                                                   
ࠫ멳⥬ Transform           
  ͵  engine   ͵  ͵  >
              設                                 TV
           
     
     
     ⥪ ᪮ ࠡ⪨   ⥬ 
⥬.  稨 筮 ண 業ࠫ쭮 -
   䨣樨  ୮  ⥬,  ८ࠧ
।⠢ ꥪ  믮 業ࠫ ஬,
   ᯮ짮    ८ࠧ  ࠦ
(transform engine). ⭮,  ᯥ樠஢  -
  ᪨  ८ࠧ  - ⠭ ப
㯭 짮⥫ PC, -  筮 ⢠ ਪ-
 ணࠬ, ॡ ⠪ প. ஬ ⮣,   -
⮬ ந⥫쭮 㭨ᠫ ஢ ⯠ -
室    ᯥ樠஢  ।⢠.   ⢨⥫쭮
⠪, ᫨ (   ᮢ६ ࠡ ⠭権)  -
 PC ⠭ 饯ਭ묨.  ⫨稥  । 嬥୮
䨪, ࠭   PC  ⢥.

                           
               2.  ᯮᮡ ࠭
                           
      ᯮᮡ ࠭ -  ⢮ 㥬
祪    ࠭  ᥫ.  ⫨稥  VGA, ।饣
640 x 480,   300  ᥫ,  設⢮  ࠧ
᪨  ࠡ ⠭権 ।  ࠩ  
祪,  ࠢ 1280 x 1024. ᯫ  ࠧ襭 , 祬
 VGA,    PC (ਬ, SuperVGA  TIGA),   
  ண   ⠭⨧. ⮬   ਪ
ணࠬ, ᯮ २⢠ ᮪ ࠧ饩 ᯮᮡ-
 ⮩ .
   ᪨  ࠡ稥  ⠭樨   ⮫쪮   ᮪
ࠧ襭,     ⠪  ⥫  ⮡ࠦ
  ࠭  ,  ⠪ 뢠   (hidden
memory).  ᯥ樠஢  ᯥ稢 ᢥ-
                            - 3 -
                      嬥ୠ 䨪


⨢ ࠡ  ࠭ ,   -
 ⥪⮢ ஢ ࠦ, ⮡ࠦ ⥪, 蠡-
  ⮡ࠦ.    䥪 ᭮  筮 ।
,   ॥, 祬 室   ࠧ  -
࠭     㣮 ( ⥬  ॥, 祬  ᭮
  ࠭).   ⮫쪮 ⮬,  ᠬ  ࠭  -
 ॥ ᭮,    ⮬,   㦭 ८ࠧ-
뢠  ᯮ ⮢  ᭮   ᯮ -
⮢  ࠭ .
       ⮩   ,   -
⥬  ࠪ⨢  ᮮ⭮襭 ⥩ ⮡-
  ⮩ ࠭ ﬨ.  祭    ⤥
짮⥫,  騬   祭 訬 ࠬ, ⠪ 
  ᬠਢ ࠦ 襥, 祬 ࠧ襭 -
࠭,  ८। ⮡ࠦ  ࠭ .
     

                       3. 㡨 ࠭

       ନ, 㡨 ࠭ (screen depth), -
    ଠ樨, 뢠    ᥫ.
饯ਭ ᯮᮡ । 㡨 ࠭ ᯮ -
⢮  㯭  ࠭  ᪮⥩ (plane). , ⥬ 
ᥬ ⠬   ᥫ -  ⥬  ᥬ -
ﬨ. ਬ ᪮ ⥬   -
殮 ᪮쪨 ᫥ .   ⥬  뢠
 ᥫ ⪠ ⮢.

              Ŀ
            Ŀ 
          Ŀ  
        Ŀ   
      Ŀ    
    Ŀ    
  Ŀ    
Ŀ    
                       
         ⢮ 
              1 ᥫ
                    


     ࢮ稭  㡨 ࠭ ⮨  ७ -
 㯭 梥⮢. ⢥   ᥫ ।
⮫쪮  㤥  (1)   㤥 (0) 窠 ᢥ祭  ࠭.
ᥬ   ᥫ  2**8 ਠ⮢,   256 梥⮢.
 䨣 筮 뢠 ᥢ-梥⭮, -  -
,     㫠 ࠧ  ᬥ묨 梥-
⠬  . 24 梥⮢ ᪮ -  ࠭,  ன
⢠ 梥⮢ 뢠   筮 ।⠢-
 ᥣ  . ⮬  ⭠  -
                            - 4 -
                      嬥ୠ 䨪


  ⢨⥫묨 梥⠬,  ᯮᮡ  ⮡ࠦ    16
 ਠ⮢ 梥⮢.
     ।  䨣 ஢ ࠦ  ࠢ
 䨪஢.    ⢮    ᮪
ࠧ襭   ७ .  ਬ, 640 x 480 祪
 㡨  24 ᪮ ॡ ⠪   ꥬ  ,
    1024 x 900  8 ᪮.  ᪨  
ࠡ  祬   ०.  -  襥,  祬  24
᪮  -  ।  PC. -⠪,  
஬諥 ⠭⮢ PC   ⠪  ⥩,    ⮫쪮
⠭   ᯮ짮  २⢠.

                                
                    4.  ਧ

     騩  ⮤,  ॡ騩  ᯮ짮 ⥫쭮
࠭ , 筮 뢠   ਧ樥  (double
buffering).  ਬ  ᯥ祭   
   ࠦ (ਬ,  ⨯樨).
     த騬  ᯥ-
 뭮 ᮢ뢠 ꥪ  맢  ⭮
栭  ࠭.  맢 室 直 ࠧ 
ᯫ । ⥬,  ⥬ 筥 ᮢ ꥪ    
樨.  ⮡ ࠭  䥪,  ਧ -
 ⥬ ᮢ ࠧ  ⮡ࠦ    ࠭
,    ⥬  ४ ⮡ࠦ   .  ⮬
砥 쥪  ந   樨.
     ᪨,  ⮤ ८। ஥ ⢮
᪮⥩ ( )     ⥬  
⠬    ⠪,  ࢨ  ⠭ ⮡-
ࠦ. ᫨  ࠡ⠥    ᥢ-梥묨  ࠦﬨ,
  㦭     㡨  8 ᪮⥩, ᥣ 16
᪮⥩, ⮡ ᯮ짮  ⮤.  ᫨    
 ୮ ࠦ  ⢨⥫묨 梥⠬, -
  㦥 48 ᪮⥩.  ନ஢ 筮 -
ࠦ 襭,  ᮮ頥 ⥬      ⪠
⮡ࠦ  ,  ᫥騩  ࠦ  
࠭. ⨬,  ⠪ 室    ᮢ -
 ॥,  ⮫쪮  饭  ॠ筮  -
.   ⮫쪮 ⥮᪠  -
஢  ᥢ-梥 ࠦ  PC,  ᫨誮 -
 ணࠬ ।  ॠ.
                            - 5 -
                      嬥ୠ 䨪


                       5. Z-ਧ


     ⮡    堭 Z-ਧ樨,  ⠪ 
  ⥫,      室騬  ନ  "㡨-
-᫮         饭    ᥫ"    (the
depth-conditional replace-pixel algorithm),      
    堭 ஢ 嬥 ꥪ⮢ 
᪨ ࠡ ⠭.
     ꥪ  ᮧ  ᮢ㯭 ᬥ ࠭,
  ⢥ ⥫.      -
  (ਬ,  )   ᠬ  ।⠢ -
쪨  ࠭.    ,    
஡  孮, ⥬    㤥 -
. (᫥  㣨 䠪஢, ணࠬ ந
ࠦ 㤥 ᯮ짮 ᯥ樠 ⮤ ஢
ᢥ饭    ⮭, ⮡ ࠭ ᪨ ).  ⮣
   ⮪ ।,  ᥫ   -
࠭ 㠫쭮  㣨.
       ८ࠧ  ࠦ  (transform engine)
ॢ   嬥୮ ⥬ न    嬥
न ࠭;   ᥫ    易  
㡨 ( Z-祭)   (x,y)-न⠬  祭-
  梥.  ⮬  ⮣   ᯨ᮪ 뢠
嬥  ࠭,    ᯮ    ⭮
᪮  ࠭. ᮪   㯮冷祭  㡨-
. ᪨ ࠡ稥 ⠭樨, ࠧࠡ⠭   ஢-
 ⢥ ⥫, ਬ Appolo DN 4500DVS, HP 9000 Series 835
TurboSRX, Silicon Graphics Personal Iris,  ᯥ樠 -
  প   믮 ⮩ ࠡ. 㣨 ⥬
 믮 ஢ ⮣ ᯨ᪠     ਪ
ணࠬ,  ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥 ࠭  ᮢ
 ⠪ ᫥⥫쭮,  ࠭,   㤠-
 ࠭    .  
⬮ ⠪ ஢,       訬  ᫮
࠭ 㤥 祭  ६.  ⮩ -
⮤  - ࠭ 祭 㡨  ᥫ  ᯥ樠쭮
 , ⭮  Z-.

                                              
              6.   孮⥩
                                              
     祭 ᯨ᪠ ࠭ - ।⥫쭠 ⠤ 
 㤠  孮⥩. ணࠬ ஢-
 ⢥म ⥫ 室 ᯨ᮪ 嬥 ࠭, -
ࠡ뢠    ᥫ  ᮮ⢥饣  ࠦ.  ᫨
Z-祭  ᥫ    ᮮ⢥饣 Z-祭,  
室  騬 ᥫ (⭮⥫쭮 祫,  -
饣   ᯫ) , ᫥⥫쭮,  ⮡ࠦ. ᫨ 
 Z-祭 ᨣ  ⮬,  ᥫ 室  ।
騬,   ⮡ࠦ.  १ 梥 ᥫ -
                            - 6 -
                      嬥ୠ 䨪


  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⮫쪮  業  ᥫ,  
 Z-祭 稭 ࠦ  㡨.  ⮬ -
  ࠭   ⮬ 浪,    ஬  ணࠬ
ந ࠦ ࠡ뢠 ᯨ᮪.  ⮣  -
 ࠦ, 㠫쭮 ᮢ饥  ਣ.
     쪮  ⥫쭮  ࠭    ,
⮡  ࠧ ।⠢  祭 㡨?  ᥬ
      ᥫ  Z-  256 祭 㡨.
   ⮣ 㤥 筮. ࠪ筮  ।-
⠢     祭 㡨. 砫 室
⠭  Z-祭   ꥪ. ᫨  -
뢠  嬥  ꥪ , ਬ, 頤  5
ᠭ⨬஢,    㡨 ࠢ 10  ᠭ⨬-
ࠬ. ᥬ  Z-  ࠧ    256
祭,     饭 㡨   -
. 訡 㣫  ਢ  ࠢ쭮 ⮡-
ࠦ ᪮쪨 ᥫ,   ᭮ ।⠢  㤥
祭 .
     ६ ࠧ ᪨ ࠡ稥 ⠭樨 ।
⥫쭮  訥  -  32 , 騥  䥪-
⨢ ᯮ짮  4  ࠧ ࠤ権  㡨-
.    室  ⠪ 筮.
     饥 㦤 ⮨  ⮬,   襣 -
, ॡ 訩 Z-.   ᥣ ࠢ, ᮡ-
  ᫨     믮   ⠡. ஡
,  㦭 ࠡ  ﬨ, 騬   -
訥, ⠪  祭  祭 㡨.
     ᬮਬ ,     ꥪ⮢, ᮥ-
  50-஢  樫஬. ⨬,  室 -
 㡨  ࠩ      ,  ⮡  筮
⮡ࠧ    ꥪ.  㦭 ࠧ ﭨ 
50 ஢   饭,    100  ࠧ
Z-祭, ,  ࠩ , 17-⮢ Z-.  ᫨  
ᬠਢ    ᮢ६  (ਬ, ᬨ-
᪨ ⠭樨,         쪨
⨪    ஬  ᮫  ३),  筮
㡨 ⢥ ⠥.  ,     易⥫쭮
      ⠪ ஬ Z-ਧ, ᫨
 ᯮ  ਧ ࠧ.  ⮫쪮 ࠦ-
 ᮢ    ஢,   Z-    -
짮  筮 .

          
                     7. -ਧ
          
     Z-ਧ  ࠭ 祭 㡨
ᥫ, -ਧ - ⮤, ᯮ㥬   ।-
 樥 ஧筮 ᥫ.   ⠪  ⥭  
" 室 ⥭  ⥭" (blending). 256  ਠ-
⮢  樥⮢ ஧筮  ᯮ짮 쬨 -
                            - 7 -
                      嬥ୠ 䨪


⮢  -ਧ樨 筮 뢠 , 祬  -
筮. 祭 , ࠢ 255,      ⮬,  
ꥪ ஧,  ᢥ⮭஭栥.    砥,  
ᥫ, 室騩   ⥫, 㤥   뢠
 ⠫  .
     ᬮਬ  祭 , ࠢ 200.  ᥫ ஧-
祭 ਬ୮  22 業.  砥,    ᥫ,
  室  ᮢ,  砥  78 業⮢ ᢮
梥  22 業  襣 襣  Z-祭 -
. 祢,  ꥪ, ஧  100 業⮢,  -
.
      ᠬ  ⮤ -ਧ樨   -
஧筮  ⢮.  易  ⥬,    뢠 -
ࠦ  ५ ᢥ. ꥪ, 騥     -
᮪  樥⮬ ஧筮,    䥪 㢥-
⥫쭮 ⥪,  ⮣ 室 ᫥ 宦-
 ᪨ 祩. 짠 ⮤ -ਧ樨 ⮨ 
 ᯮᮡ 뢠 ७  ⢥ ⥫ 
 ⥫쭮  ଠ樨  譥 孮.
     ஬ ⮣,   ⮣ ⮤     -
      ॡ ࠭, ᯮ 筮
   ᥫ.      孮   稫   
antialiasing.    ⮬  ஧筮 ᥫ ᢠ
祭 梥, ᭮   梥 ࠭, ⠪  
梥 ࢮ砫쭮 䮭.  ᪨    ⮤  ࠭
"-"  ଠ  ᯮ   । -
-祭 ᥫ  ࠭.  १  砥  
  室   䮭  ᭮ ꥪ, ࠭騩 -
    ࠭.
                                           

                    8. ૥ ᪮

      ନ஢ ⥪饣 ࠦ   ᪠஢
  ᪮  ⥬ 稢 ࠡ⪮ -
ଠ樨 ૥ ᪮⥩.  ⮬  ૥  ᪮
  訩 ਮ, 祬 ଠ  ⠫쭮 -
. ૥ ᪮  ᠬ    ,   -
⥫  ᪮ ࠭ , ᯮ騥 㫥 -
祭 梥  ᯮ㥬 ᥫ.  ૥  ᪮
筮  ᯮ    ࠭  ⮯  
⥪⮢ ᥩ.   祭  ,  ⮬    ૥
᪮    ࠧ襭 ଠ樨  ᭮
ࠦ.
     ᬮਬ  ਠ  ⮡ࠦ  .   ૥
᪮  ࠧ,   ६頥   -
騬 ࠦ, ⥬ 諮     ,  
묨  室 ,  ⥬    室 -
.    祭   窨 ७ -
                            - 8 -
                      嬥ୠ 䨪


⥫쭮 ⥬ ⮡ࠦ.  ⮣, ⥬  -
  ᯮ짮  ૥  ᪮, ࠭   
ࠦ  ஬.    ⮤  ૥  -
 ࠪ  ஧ ᫮, ᮤঠ騩 ⮫쪮 -
 .   ࠢ   ૥ ᪮-
  ࠡ  梥⮢ ன. ᫨    -
    ⥪ , 祬  梥⮢,  室 -
⥫ .  ૥ ᪮    ᯮ짮-
  16  梥⮢    ⮡ࠦ ⥪,  筮  祬
筮. ⬥⨬,   ⥬  ⠪  ᯮ-
  "뢠"  (underlay)  ૥  ᪮ 
ࠦ ⥪ 䮭.

                                                 
           9. ࠢ騥 ᪮ (Control-plane)
                                                 
     ᪨ ⥬  ⠪    ⮢  ᪮
  ࠡ⪨ ࠦ  ࠡ   (ࠡ稥 ⠭樨
 প  ࣠樨 ᮢ६묨 ⠭⠬ -
 ਣ묨  ࠡ).  ࠭  -
  ࣠ -ࠧ  ࠧ .   
      㦭 ⮫쪮 㭪樨 ᮢ  ,
 㣮 -   嬥୮ 䨪,   쥣
- ⮫쪮 ஬ ⥪. ⥬, ᮤঠ饩  30 ࠭-
  ᪮⥩,     㬥 ந   
ࠦ  ⢨⥫ 梥,   㣮  -  ᪨
⮡ࠦ  12-⮢ ᥢ-梥⭮ ࠦ   -
ਧ樥.    ਠ⮢ ॡ   ᫮
⮢ ᪮⥩.
     ⥬  ॡ ⥫  ⮢  -
  ન஢ ਭ ᥫ ࠧ , -
  ᫥⢨  ࠢ쭮 ࠡ. ⮢ ᪮ 
⠪ ન஢ 稫  ࠢ.
  
                            - 9 -
                      嬥ୠ 䨪



           Ŀ           Ŀ
          Ŀ          Ŀ
         Ŀ         Ŀ
        Ŀ        Ŀ
       Ŀ       Ŀ       Ŀ
       . Ŀ       . Ŀ      Ŀ
      . Ŀ       . Ŀ      Ŀ
     . Ŀ       . Ŀ      Ŀ
   Ŀ      Ŀ      Ŀ
  Ŀ      Ŀ      Ŀ
 Ŀ      Ŀ      Ŀ
Ŀ      Ŀ      Ŀ
                                            
            C            A   
                               
                                                  
                      
24 ᪮           24 ᪮           8 ᪮⥩

             Ŀ
            Ŀ
           Ŀ
          Ŀ
         Ŀ
         . Ŀ
        . Ŀ
       . Ŀ
      . Ŀ
     . Ŀ
   Ŀ       Ŀ     Ŀ
  Ŀ       Ŀ    Ŀ
 Ŀ       Ŀ   Ŀ
Ŀ       Ŀ  Ŀ
                                         
 Z-           ૥륳  ࠢ騥
                     ᪮⨳    ᪮ 
                                              
                 
32 ᪮             4 ᪮      4 ᪮
     
     
                       10.  ࠧ

           㭪,     ⥬ 
।쭮 訬 ஬ ࠦ.      ਬ  
ࠧ襭  1280  x 1024 ᥫ 室  16 
 ࠭ .
       ᬮ७ ⮤, ᮡ Z-ਧ
 -ਧ, ᯮ ᪫⥫쭮   嬥
ࠦ.  㣨  ਬ ࠪ᪨   -
᪨ ਫ.
        ⮤,  த饬  㤥襢
,  ᪨   㢥稢 ᢮ ࠭-
 .
                            - 10 -
                      嬥ୠ 䨪


     ᮬ    ⠭ ᢨ⥫ﬨ ﭭ 㢥祭
ࠧ饩 ᯮᮡ PC. 祭  ਪ ணࠬ
⪠  ᮡ ᯮ짮   २⢠  ᮪-
⢥ ࠦ  ࠭,   ᥣ  -
稭,  騥  :  業   墠⪠  ஥
⠭⮢. ⮨  ( ࠭, ⠪  筮) -
 ,  祬  業 ᮪ࠧ ஢.
 ⬮  孮,  ᨬ    ࠧ饩
ᯮᮡ,   ᥬ ⠫쭮.


                   ⪨ ᫮ ନ


Transform engine -
           ८ࠧ ࠦ,
          ᯥ樠஢   饩 窨  -
          ࠧ 嬥୮ ।⠢  ࠦ  
          嬥୮  ᪨ ࠡ ⠭.
Hidden memory -
           ,
          ⮡ࠦ  ࠭ ,  ᯥ稢
           ண  ࠭  ⨯-
          樨, 樨 ஢  ࠦ,  ⮡ࠦ
          ⥪, ࠡ  祭  訬  ஢묨  -
          .
Double buffering -
           ਧ,
          ⮤ ࠢ ⮡ࠦ  ⮡ࠦ ࠭-
               ᯥ祭      
            ࠦ.
Screen depth -
          㡨 ࠭, ⢮  ଠ樨,  뢠-
            ᥫ  ࠭.