          ᥬ  IBM PC.  5                            104


          
           5
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
          । 
          
          :   ⮤ । ⠭  ࠡ 
           ᥬ୮ ணࠬ.
          
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
                 ।祭    । ⠭,
          ࠡ   ⥩    -뢮.   ᮮ⢥⢨
           騬 ४⨢  ᥬ  ࠧ襭 ।
            ࠧ筮 :  ਬ,  ४⨢ DB ।
          ,   ४⨢ DW o। ᫮.   
          ᮤঠ ।⢥ 祭  ⠭, ।
            ᨬ쭠 ப   ᫮ 祭.
             㣨  ᯮᮡ ।  ⠭  ।
          ⢥  祭,  ..  㪠  אַ    ᥬ୮
          , ਬ:
             
                              MOV  AL,20H
             
               ⮬  砥  ⭠筮  ᫮  20  ⠭
            設 ꥪ⭮ . ।⢥ 祭
          ࠭祭  o ⮬    ᫮,   ⠬,  
             ਬ,      䥪⨢, 祬
          ᯮ짮 c⠭.
             
            
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
             ᥬ  ᯥ稢   ᯮᮡ  । :
          -,  १ 㪠   ,  -,  
          cন. ᬮਬ ᭮ ଠ । :
             
                         []     Dn   ࠦ
             
                      易⥫쭮 ( 㪠뢠
               묨  ᪮),    ᫨    ணࠬ 
               뫪         ,        
               ।⢮ .  ࠢ  ᠭ  ਢ 
               ࠧ "ଠ ஢"    3.
                ।  ⮢      ᫥騥
               ४⨢:  DB (),  DW (᫮), DD ( ᫮),
               DQ (⢥७ ᫮)  DT ( ).
              ࠦ  ᮤঠ ⠭, ਬ:
          
                              FLD1      DB   25
          
                   । 祭, ਬ

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  5                            105


          
                              FLDB      DB   ?
             
             ࠦ  ᮤঠ ᪮쪮 ⠭, ࠧ
          묨  ࠭祭묨 ⮫쪮  ப:
             
                    FLD3      DB   11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, ...
             
          ᥬ ।  ⠭   ᫥⥫쭮
          c  .  뫪     FLD3  㪠뢠   
          ⠭,  11,   FLD3+1  -    ,  12.  (FLD3 
          ।⠢  FLD3+0). ਬ 
          
                              MOV  AL,FLD3+3
          
          㦠   ॣ AL  祭  14  (. 0E). ࠦ
          ᪠ ⠪ ७ ⠭  ᫥饬 ଠ:
          
                    []     Dn  ᫮-७ DUP (ࠦ) ...
          
             騥  ਬ  ७:
             
                    DW   10 DUP(?)      ; । ᫮
                    DB   5 DUP(14)      ; , ᮤঠ .14
                    DB   3 DUP(4 DUP(8)); ᬥப
             
           쥬 ਬ ᭠砫     
           8  (8888),   ⥬  祭     ࠧ,
            p  ᬥப.
             ࠦ  ᮤঠ ᨬ  ப  ᫮
          ⠭.
             
              ப
             
             
             쭠  ப  ᯮ     ᠭ  ,
          ⠪ ,  ਬ,         ࠭.
          ন    ப    o⬥砥   묨   窠,
          ਬ,  'PC'    묨  窠 -  "PC". ᥬ
          ॢ  ᨬ  ப    ꥪ      筮
          ଠ ASCII.
             쭠  ப  । ⮫쪮 ४⨢  DB, 
          p 㪠뢠   ᨬ  ଠ쭮 ᫥
          ⥫쭮  ᫥  ࠢ.   ⥫쭮,  ४⨢  DB
          ।⠢ ⢥    ଠ   ।
          ᨬ .  . 5.1 ਢ  ਬ஢.
             
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ------------------------------------------------------------
           . 5.1. । ᨬ ப  ᫮ 稭.
          
             ᫮ ⠭
             

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  5                            106


             ᫮   ⠭   ᯮ     䬥᪨
          稭   aᮢ .  ᠭ ⠭ 窨
           ⠢.  ᥬ ८ࠧ  ᫮ ⠭ 
          ⭠   뢠      ꥪ⭮   
          ⭮  ᫥⥫쭮 -  ࠢ .  
          ࠧ ᫮ ଠ.
             
              ଠ.  ଠ ᪠ 
            0   9   砥 ᫥ 㪢 D, 
            㪠뢠,  ਬ, 125  125D. ᬮ  ,
            ᥬ  ஢    筮 ଠ,
            ८ࠧ      祭     .  ꥪ  .
          ਬ, 筮 ᫮ 125 ८ࠧ  . 7D.
             
             ⭠  ଠ.  .  ଠ ᪠ .
            0   F  砥 ᫥ 㪢 H.   
          ᥬ ,     㪢 稭 䨪,
           ࢮ ன .  ⠭      0 
          9.  ਬ,  2EH  0FFFH,   ᥬ ८ࠧ
          ᮮ⢥⢥  2E  FF0F  (  ஬  ਬ 
            ꥪ   ⭮ ᫥⥫쭮).
             
              ଠ.  ଠ ᪠  
          0    1   砥 ᫥ 㪢  B.  ଠ
          筮 ᯮ    ⪮ ।⠢ ⮢
          祭    ᪨    AND,   OR,  XOR    TEST.
          筮 12,  . C  筮 1100B   
             :  . 0C  筮 0000 1100  ᨬ
           ⮣,   ᬠਢ ᮤন .
             
             ᬥ ଠ. ᬥ ଠ ᪠ ᬥ
             0  7  砥 ᫥ 㪢 Q  O,
          ਬ,  253Q.   ᥣ ᬥ ଠ ᯮ
          쬠 ।.
             
              ଠ  饩 窮.   ଠ 
           ⮫쪮 ᥬ஬ ASM.
             
                 ᨬ     ᫮   ⠭  ᫥
          ,  ,  ਬ, ᨬ쭠 ⠭, ।
           DB '12',  ।⠢ ᨬ ASCII    .
          3132,  ᫮ ⠭, o।  DB 12, ।⠢
           筮 ᫮   . 0C.
             . 5.1  ४⨢  । ࠧ
          ᨬ  ப  ᫮  ⠭.     
          ᥬ஢    ⮣,   ⮡    ᣥ஢
          ꥪ  (᫥).
             
             (DB)
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             



          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  5                            107


               ࠧ  ४⨢,  ।    ,
             DB (।  ). 쭮
          ࠦ   p⨢ DB    ᮤঠ  ப ᨬ
           ,     ப (. FLD2DB  FLD7DB 
          .  5.1).  ,  ⠭ FLD2DB ᮤন
          ᨬ  ப   'Personal   Computer'.   ꥪ  
          뢠  ᨬ   ASCII   .  . 20
          ।⠢ ᨬ ஡.
             ᫮ ࠦ  ४⨢  DB    ᮤঠ 
            ⮢ ⠭.    ࠦ 
          .  p. 襥 ⥫쭮 . ᫮  
            7F,   "訥"  ᫠  80  FF ।⠢
          ⥫ 祭.   筮 ᫥  ।
          ࠦ ᫠ +127  -128.
              ਬ    .  5.1  ᫮묨  ⠭⠬ 
          FLD3DB,  FLD4DB,  FLD5DB  FLD8DB.   FLD6DB ।⠢
          ᬥ    ᫮   ப ⠭,  ᯮ㥬 
          ஥ ⠡.
             
             (DW)
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
             ४⨢ DW ।  ,     
           ᫮ ( ). 쭮 ࠦ  DW ࠭祭
           ᨬ,   ᥬ ।⠢  ꥪ⭮
             ⠪,   ,   ਬ,  'PC'  ⠭  'CP'.  
          । ᨬ ப ४⨢ DW  ࠭祭
          ਬ.
             ᫮ ࠦ  DW   ᮤঠ     
          塠⮢  ⠭.      ।⠢ 
          .  ࠬ.  襥 ⥫쭮 . ᫮  
              7FFF;    "訥"  ᫠    8000   FFFF
          ।⠢ ⥫ 祭.  筮 ᫥
           । ࠦ ᫠ +32767  -32768.
              ਬ   .  5.1   FLD1DW   FLD2DW ।
          ᫮ ⠭.   FLD3DW ।  -  
          砥 ᬥ饭    FLD7DB.   १ 
          ꥪ  0021  (R  砥 ६頥). ஢
            㭪,  ,  ⭮⥫   FLD7DB
          ⢨⥫쭮 0021.
              FLD4DW । ⠡   ᫮ ⠭.
          ⨬,   ꥪ    ⠭  
           o ᫮ ( ).
              ଠ⮢ ४⨢ DW,  DD  DQ  ᥬ ८ࠧ
          ⠭    .  ꥪ  ,    뢠    
          ⭮   ᫥⥫쭮.      ࠧ  筮
          祭 12345  ८ࠧ  .3039,  뢠 
          ꥪ⭮   3930.
             
              (DD)
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  5                            108


             ४⨢ DD ।  ,     
            c   (   ).   ᫮   ࠦ  
          ᮤঠ     ⠭,     
          ᨬ      (ᥬ  .   ).  襥
          ⥫쭮 . ᫮     7FFFFFFF; 
          "訥"   ᫠    80000000     FFFFFFFF  ।⠢
          ⥫ 祭.   筮 ᫥  ।
          ࠦ ᫠ +2147483647  -2147483648.
              ਬ   .  5.1   FLD3DD  । ᫮
          ⠭.     FLD4DD  ࠧ   
          ᠬ,     砥 १⮬    
          FLD2DB.  FLD5DD ।  ᫮ ⠭.
             ᥬ ८ࠧ  ᫮  ⠭  ४⨢
          DD   .  ।⠢,   뢠  ꥪ   
          ⭮   ᫥⥫쭮.      ࠧ  筮
          祭   12345   ८ࠧ      .   00003039,  
          뢠  oꥪ⭮   39300000.
             쭮   ࠦ  ४⨢  DD   ࠭祭  
          ᨬ.  ᥬ ८ࠧ ᨬ    ࠢ 
          ᫥  塠⮢   ᫮,     
          FLD2DD  ꥪ⭮ .
             
              (DQ)
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
             ४⨢ DQ  ।  ,  騥  
          ᫮ (ᥬ ). ᫮ ࠦ  ᮤঠ 
              ⠭,           ᨬ
          ᥬ   16 .. 襥 ⥫쭮 .
          ᫮ -  ᥬઠ  15  F.  祭 ।⠢
           稭  ⮣ ᫠,  ,   .  1   15 㫥
          ⥭ ᫥饬 筮 :
             
                              1152921504606846976
             
              ਬ  .  5.1   FLD2DQ  FLD3DQ 
          ᫮  祭.  ᥬ ८ࠧ   ᫮ 
          ⠭  ४⨢  DQ  .  ।⠢,  뢠
          ꥪ   ⭮ ᫥⥫쭮,     ४-
          ⨢ DD  DW.
             ࠡ⪠ ᥬ஬  ᨬ  ப    ४⨢ DQ
          a筮 ४⨢ DD  DW.
             
              (DT)
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
             ४⨢ DT ।  ,  騥  
             .   祭   ⮩   ४⨢   易   
          "㯠묨 묨" ᫮묨 稭 (. .13).
            ४⨢   DT     ࠧ   ⠭,  
          ᨬ      ᨨ   ᥬ;     ࠪ᪮
          ਬ   㪮⢮  襬 aᥬ.


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  5                            109


               .   5.1   ਢ  ਬ   ४⨢   DT  
          ।    ᨬ쭮 ⠭.
             ணࠬ  .5.1 ᮤন ⮫쪮 ᥣ . X
          c  뤠 ᮮ饭  訡,  ⠡ LINK MAP
            ।०:  "Warning:  No  STACK  Segment", 
          騪  LINK  뤠  "There  were  1  errors detected"
          (㦥  1   訡).  ᬮ      ।०
            ᯮ짮 ⫠稪 DEBUG   ᬮ ꥪ⭮
          ,    . 5.2.
             ࠢ  ஭    ⫨  뢠  ᨬ
          , , ਬ, "Personal Computer".
             
           
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
               .  2.1      2  뫮    ᯮ짮
          ।⢥ ࠭. 
             
                              MOV   AX,0123H
          
          뫠  ।⢥ .  ⠭ 0123  ॣ
          AX.  塠 ꥪ   ⮩   B82301,
           B8  砥  "᫠  ।⢥  祭 
          ॣ AX",  a ᫥騥    ᮤঠ ᠬ 祭.
              ࠭:    ॣ
            ,  ன - ।⢥ ⠭.
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ------------------------------------------------------------
                         . 5.2.  ᥣ .
             
             ᯮ짮  ।⢥ ࠭   䥪⨢
          ,  祬 o। ᫮ ⠭  ᥣ   
          ࣠ c뫪    ࠭  MOV, ਬ,
             
                     :     AMT1 DW   0123H
                     :           MOV  AX,AMT1
             
              ।⢥ ࠭
             
              ।⢥ ⠭    ࢮ
          ࠭.   ਬ,   ᫥騩  ।⢥  ࠭
           塠⮢,  ॣ AL  ⮫쪮  :
             
                              MOV  AL,0123H  (訡)
             
          , ᫨ ।⢥ ࠭ , 祬 騩
          ࠭,   ᫥饬 ਬ
          
                              ADD  AX,25H    ( 訡)
          
            ᥬ    ।⢥  ࠭   
          , 0025  뢠 ꥪ    2500.

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  5                            110


          
             ।⢥ ଠ
             
             ।⢥ ⠭    ⭠筮,
          p,   0123H;   筮,   ਬ,   291  (
          ᥬ         .0123);      筮,
          ਬ, 100100011 ( ८ࠧ  . 0123).
                ਢ   ᯨ᮪    ,      ᪠
          ।⢥ ࠭:
             
              뫪  ࠢ:  MOV, CMP.
             䬥᪨ :         ADC, ADD, SBB, SUB.
              ᤢ:       RCL, RCR, ROL, ROR, SHL, SAR, SHR.
             ᪨ :   AND, OR, TEST, XOR.
             
               .   5.3  ਢ  ਬ  ⨬    
          ।⢥묨  ࠭.    ᫥   
          ᭥      䬥᪮   ७,  ᤢ  
          ᪨  .  ᪮  ᥩ    ਬ  
          ।祭    믮,      饭 ।
          ⥪  樠 ᥣ ॣ஢.
               ᮧ  ⮢,    祬    , 
          ᯮ짮 横  (.  .7)    ப   (.
          .11).
             
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ------------------------------------------------------------
               . 5.3.   ।⢥묨 묨.
          
           EQU
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
             ४⨢ EQU  ।  ,  ।
          祭,  ஥   ᯮ짮   ⠭ 
          㣨   .   ।,       ᥣ  
          ஢ ᫥ ४⨢ EQU:
             
                              TIMES     EQU  10
             
          ,     砥 TIMES,    ।⠢ 
          ⨬  ᥬ  .  ,  - 
            ४⨢    ᯮ짮  ᫮   TIMES  ᥬ
          ⠢  祭  10.   ਬ,  ᥬ  ८ࠧ
          ४⨢
          
                              FIELDA    DB   TIMES DUP (?)
          
                              FIELDA    DB   10 DUP (?)
          
             , 易   祭   ४⨢
          EQU,  ᯮ짮  , ਬ:
             
                    COUNTR    EQU  05

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  5                            111


                              ...
                              MOV  CX,COUNTR
             
             ᥬ   COUNTR    MOV   祭
          05,  c ࠭  ।⢥ 祭,  ᫨
           뫮 ஢
             
                              MOV  CX,05     ;ᥬ ⠢ 05
             
              ਥ⢮ ४⨢ EQU 砥    ⮬, 
             ᯮ짮  祭, । 
            COUNTR.  ᫨  祭     , 
                 ४⨢  EQU. ⢥,
            ᯮ짮  ४⨢  EQU  ࠧ㬭    ⠬,  
          ⠭       ᥬ.    ४⨢ EQU
           ᯮ짮 ᨬ᪨ :
             
                         1.   TP   EQU  TOTALPAY
                         2.   MPY  EQU  MUL
             
           ਬ ।,    ᥣ  ணࠬ
          p    TOTALPAY.      ,  ᮤঠ饩
          ࠭ TP,  ᥬ     TOTALPAY. ன
          ਬ  뢠    ᯮ짮    ணࠬ
          ᫮ MPY  筮  MUL.
          
             
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
               ⮢   ணࠬ    㭨
                     來.  ਬ,   
               ௫ 㦠饣    EMPWAGE.
          
               । ᨬ ப  ᯮ ४⨢
               DB,   ⠪    ଠ ᪠ ப   
                  ନ      ଠ쭮 ᫥⥫쭮
               (᫥-ࠢ).
          
                ⥫    㪠     .
               祭.   ࠢ,  ਬ,  ᫮  ᮤন
               ॣ AX   25   . 25:
          
                              ADD  AX,25     ;ਡ 25
                              ADD  AX,25H    ;ਡ 37
          
              ,   ४⨢ DW, DD  DQ 뢠 ᫮
               祭  ꥪ⭮   ⭮ ᫥⥫쭮
               .
          





          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  5                            112


              ᯮ   DB   権  ॣࠬ
               (AL,  AH,  BL   ..)    DW    権   묨
               ॣࠬ  (AX,  BX,  CX   ..).  ᫮ ,
               ।  ४⨢  DD    DQ   ᯥ樠쭮
               ਬ.
          
                  ᮮ⢥⢨  ।⢥  ࠭
               ࠧ ॣ: ⮢ ⠭ - ⮢
               ॣ  (AL,  BH),  塠⮢  ⠭  -  
               ॣ (AX, BX).
          
            
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
          5.1.       ⮢  , ।
                ४⨢: ) DW, ) DD, ) DT, ) DB, ) DQ?
          
          5.2. ।   ᨬ   ப         TITLE1,
               ᮤঠ ⠭ RGB Electronics.
          
          5.3. ।  ᫥騥  ᫮  祭    
                   FLDA  FLDE:
               a) 塠⮢ , ᮤঠ . 
                  筮 ᫠ 115;
               b) ⮢ , ᮤঠ騩 . 
                  筮 ᫠ 25;
               c) 塠⮢ , ᮤঠ騩 ।
                  祭;
               d) ⮢ , ᮤঠ騩 筮 
                  筮 ᫠ 25;
               e) ४⨢ DW, ᮤঠ ᫥⥫ 祭
                  16, 19, 20, 27, 30.
          
          5.4.  ᣥ஢ . ꥪ  
               ) DB '26'  ) DB 26.
          
          5.5. । ᥬ . ꥪ  
               ) DB 26H, ) DW 2645H, ) DD 25733AH, ) DQ 25733AH.
          
          5.6.  ᫥騥   ।⢥묨
               ࠭:
               ) 㧨 320  ॣ AX;
               ) ࠢ  FLDB  㫥;
               ) ਡ . 40  ᮤন ॣ BX;
               )  . 40  ॣ CX;
               ) ᤢ ᮤন  FLDB    ;
               ) ᤢ ᮤন ॣ CH    ࠢ.
          
          5.7.   ᥬ        
               ᮢ 5.2,  5.3   5.6. ⥪  ⮣ ࠦ 
               ॡ.    ᫥  믮 . 
               ஢ન  ᥬ஢    ᯮ ⫠稪
               DEBUG. ᯥ⠩ LST-䠩 (⨭), ᫨  १

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  5                            113


                ᥬ஢   㤥 ᮮ饭    訡. 
                  MODE  LPT1:132,6   ⠭ ਭ
               .



















































          
