          ᥬ  IBM PC.  10                           228


           10
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
          ࠭ 樨 III:   䨪
          
          :  ७  , 易
           ᯮ짮 梥  䨪  ࠭.
          
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
                 ᯮ짮 梥  ⥪⮢
             ᪮  ०.    ᫥騥  ⨯
             p,   ᯮ㥬    ࠦ  梥⭮
          䨪 ( 浪 p⠭ ⮨  ⢠):
          
          1.   ஢   梥⭮   ⥫   ਥ
               ( 譨  ⥫),  ਬ塞  
               ᢮ ஢.
          
          2.   ஢   ,   ਭ騩  梥⮢
               ᨣ  ࠤ⭮ 樨,  ᯮ㥬 
               ।  ࠤ.  ᯥ稢 ᮪ ⢮
               ࠦ.
          
          3.   RGB-,  뫠騩 室 ᨣ   ࠧ
                ஭ 誨 -  ,     ᨭ 
                     ᭮  梥⮢.    
               ண,  RGB-  ᯥ稢  襥 ⢮
               ࠦ.
             
             ⠭     梥⭮  ᪮ 
          (CGA -  Color/Graphics Adapter)  ᯮ 16  ,
          稭饩   .B8000,  8  -  ᨬ 
          8    ਡ⮢.  ࠡ  ଠ 8025 
           ࠭  ࠭ (0-3) ᯫ   4
            .    ࠡ    ଠ  4025   
          ࠭ ᥬ ࠭ (0-7)  2  .  㬮砭
          ᯮ 㫥 ࠭ (  砫 ᯫ ).
          ணࠬ   뢥   ࠭   ࠭     
          ६ ନ஢  ࠭     ᫥饣
          뢮  ࠭.
             ᮢ襭⢮  ᪨  (EGA  - Enhanced
          Graphics  Adapter)  ᯥ稢    ᮪ ࠧ
          ᯮᮡ,   ࠢ  ⠭  梥 ஬
          (CGA)    設⢥ 砥   ᮢ⨬   .
            ᯮᮡ  ᯥ稢  320200,  640200  
          640350 祪  ࠭.
                      ᭮  ०  ࠡ:
          ⥪⮢  (䮢⭮-஢)    ᪨,   
          ⠪  ⥫  ०       ᭮묨.  
          㬮砭  ᯮ  ⥪⮢  ०.  ⠭ ०
          ᠭ     9    ࠧ  "p뢠  BIOS  INT 10H"

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  10                           229


          (AH=0).   ⠭ ᪮  ०     
          ⥪⮢  ० ᯮ  뢠 BIOS INT  10H, 
              ᫥ ਬ:
             
               MOV  AH,00  ;       MOV  AH,00  ;
               MOV  AL,03  ;+⥪  MOV  AL,04  ;䨪 ।
               INT  10H                 INT 10H     ;  ࠧ襭
             
           (-) 
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
             ⮢ ० ।祭   ᫥   
           㪢    ࠭.  ०   ୮-
            (BW)    梥  ஢    ᪫祭 ⮣,
           梥   ন  ਡ ન.
          ⮢ ० ᯥ稢  ࠡ    ஬ ASCII
            (256  ᨬ),    ୮- (BW), ⠪  
          梥 ஢.   ᨬ  ࠭  ⮡ࠦ
                16  梥⮢     쬨  梥⮢ 䮭.
           ࠭   ⠪   16 梥⮢.
             
             
             
             ६  ᭮묨  梥⠬    ,    
          ᨭ.    ᭮  梥,      㣮, 
           ᥬ  梥⮢,      . ᯮ
           ஢  મ      梥,  稬  ᥣ 16
          梥⮢:
             
                              I R G B                       I R G B
                        0 0 0 0                  1 0 0 0
                         0 0 0 1        મ-ᨭ     1 0 0 1
                       0 0 1 0        મ-   1 0 1 0
               㡮        0 0 1 1        મ-㡮   1 0 1 1
                       0 1 0 0        મ-   1 1 0 0
               ७      0 1 0 1        મ-७ 1 1 0 1
               筥     0 1 1 0                 1 1 1 0
                         0 1 1 0        મ-     1 1 1 1
             
               ࠧ   ᨬ      ⮡ࠦ 
          ࠭  o  16  梥⮢.   ᨬ  
             쬨 梥⮢.  ᫨ 䮭  ⥪   
            梥,   ⥪ 砥  . ᯮ 
          ਡ,   ⠪ 騥 ᨬ.
             
             -ਡ
             
             ⮢ ० ᪠  ᯮ짮   ਡ,
          ᬮp      9.    ਢ    ⠡,
          ਡ BL 砥  (BLinking), RGB - ᮮ⢥⢥
           ,   ᨭ 梥, I - 뤥 મ:
             
                                          

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  10                           230


             ਡ:         BL  R  G  B    I  R  G  B
              ⮢:     7  6  5  4    3  2  1  0
             
                뤥 મ  ⭮    ⥪. 
          ਢ  ⨯ ਡ:
             
               䮭         :  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0
                                        BL  R  G  B  I  R  G  B  .
               ୮           0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0   00
               ୮            0  0  0  0  0  0  0  1   01
               ᨭ           0  0  0  1  0  1  0  0   14
             㡮           0  0  1  0  0  0  1  1   23
             ⫮-७    0  1  1  1  1  1  0  1   7D
               ,   1  0  1  0  1  0  0  0   A8
             
             -ਡ  ᯮ  筮     
          ୮- (BW) .    । 
          ணࠬ    INT 11H.   BW   07
          ⠭ ଠ ਡ.   梥 ஢ 
           ᯮ짮   梥⮢ 権.   ࠭
          ࠭   ,   㣠    .
           ⠭ 梥   ᯮ짮      INT 10H
          㭪樨  AH=06,  AH=07    AH=09.  ਬ,  뢮 
           祪 ⫮-  梥⮬    ७ 䮭
           ᫥ ணࠬ:
             
                    MOV  AH,09          ;㭪 뢮  ࠭
                    MOV  AL,'*'         ;뢮 ᨬ
                    MOV  BH,00          ;࠭ 0
                    MOV  BL,0DAH        ;ਡ 梥
                    MOV  CX,05          ;᫮ ७
                    INT  10H            ;맢 BIOS
             
           
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
              樨 梥  ࠦ    ᪮ ०
          ᯮ   窨   -  ᥫ   
          (pixel). ⭮ ᪨  (CGA)   ⥯
          ࠧ襭:
             
          1.    ࠧ襭 ( ন   ROM) ᯥ稢
                뢮 100  ப  160  祪 (..    
               ).      窠             16
               ⠭  梥⮢,   ᠭ   ।饬 ࠧ
               "".      ०  砥  
                 ஫  Motorola  6845  CRT.    ⮣
               ᯮ  : .3D4  3D5.
          
          2.   ।  ࠧ襭    ⠭⭮  梥⭮  䨪
               ᯥ稢 200 ப  320 祪.    ⮬
               砥 ।⠢    窨  (..     
               ).

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  10                           231


          
          3.   ᮪ ࠧ襭 ᯥ稢 200 ப  640 祪.
               ᪮     砥 ॡ  16  ,
               ᮪  ࠧ襭  ⨣  ⮫쪮   ୮-
               (BW)  ०.       ।⠢ 8 祪
               (..      ).  㫥 祭  
                梥 窨, 筮 - .
             
             ⨬,    ᪮ ०  ROM ᮤন 
          ࠧ ⮫쪮    128  ASCII-.  INT  1FH
          ᯥ稢       1  ⮢       ,
          ।饩  ⠫ 128  ᨬ.  (8    ᨬ).
          ⮡ࠦ  ᪨ ⮢    ᨣ 筮,
             ।,  ⠪    ᮪ p襭.
             
            
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
               । ࠧ襭     ।⠢ 
          窨, ஭㬥஢  0  3:
             
                         :     C1 C0C1 C0C1 C0C1 C0
                         ᥫ:     0     1     2     3
             
                  窨   梥, 
          0     3.  ࠭祭    4  梥    ⥬,  
          塨⮢ 窠  4 樨 祭 ⮢: 00, 01,
          10    11.    p  祭  00       16
           梥⮢ 䮭   祭 01,  10,  11 
             .  p   梥:
             
                    C1   C0         0       1
             
                    0    0         䮭            䮭
                    0    1                 㡮
                    1    0                 ७
                    1    1         筥     
             
               롮  梥   䮭  ᯮ  INT 10H.
            p,  ᫨,  ਬ, ࠭ 䮭 ⮣ 梥 
            0,      ᫥騥  梥  窨:  ,
          ,     筥.  ,  ᮤঠ騩 祭
          10101010,  ᮮ⢥   窠.  ᫨  梥
          䮭  -  ᨭ      1,      梥: ᨭ,
          㡮,   ७    .  ,  ᮤঠ騩  祭
          00011011,  ⮡ࠦ  ᨭ,  ,  ७    
          窨.
             
             뢠 BIOS INT 10H  䨪
             




          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  10                           232


             㭪 AH=00   INT  10H ⠭ ᪨
          䨬.  㭪 AH=11  INT 10H   梥
            뢥  ࠭ ᪨ ᨬ.    ॣ
            AH  ।  㭪:
             
             AH=00: ⠭ ०. 㫥 祭  ॣ AH 
          04   p AL ⠭  ⠭ 梥⭮ 
           ०:
             
                    MOV  AH,00     ;㭪 ⠭ ०
                    MOV  AL,04     ;襭 320200
                    INT  10H
             
             ⠭  ᪮  ०  ਢ   祧
            ࠭.  ஡  ⠭ ० ਢ
            9.
             
             AH=0BH:  ⠭ 梥⮢ .  ᫮  ॣ BH
          । 祭 ॣ BL:
             
             BH=00  롨ࠥ  梥 䮭       ᮮ⢥⢨ 
          ᮤন p BL.   䮭  1   16 ᮮ⢥
          . 祭 o 0  F;
             BH=01  롨ࠥ  ᮮ⢥⢥ ᮤন ॣ
           BL (0  1):
             
                    MOV  AH,0BH    ;㭪 ⠭ 梥
                    MOV  BH,01     ;롮 
                    MOV  BL,00     ;  0 (, , .)
                    INT  10H       ;맢 BIOS
             
             ,  ⠭   ࠧ,  ࠭,   
          㤥 ⬥ 㣮 .  ᬥ   ࠭
           梥⮢ .  ᯮ짮 㭪樨 AH=0BH
           ⥪⮢ ०,  祭,  ⠭  梥  0 
          , । 梥 .
             
             AH=0CH:  뢮  窨   ࠭.  ᯮ짮  0C 
          ॣ  AH   뢥   ࠭    ࠭
          梥 (䮭    ).  ਬ,    ࠧ襭 320200
          㧨  ॣ DX ⨪ न ( 0  199),
            ॣ CX -  ਧ⠫ न ( 0  319). 
          ॣ AL ⨬ 梥 窨 ( 0  3):
             
                    MOV  AH,0CH         ;㭪 뢮 窨
                    MOV  AL,梥        ; 窨
                    MOV  CX,⮫     ;ਧ⠫쭠 न
                    MOV  DX,ப      ;⨪쪠 न
                    INT  10H            ;맢 BIOS
             
             AH=0DH:  ⥭ 窨  ࠭.   㭪 
               ।    梥.    ॣ DX
            㦥 ⨪쭠 न ( 0  199),

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  10                           233


            ॣ CX - ਧ⠫쭠 ( 0  319).  ॣ AH
              祭  0D.  㭪 頥 梥 窨 
          ॣ AL.
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ------------------------------------------------------------
               . 10.1 뢮  ࠭  梥⭮ ᪮ ०.
          
          :      
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
             ணࠬ,  ਢ   .10.1,  ᯮ 
          INT 10H  ⠭ ᪮  ०,  롮 
          䮭  뢮  ࠭ 祪 (40  ப  320  ⮫殢). 
          ணࠬ ந室  㢥祭  祭  梥    1 
           ப.     । 梥  ⮫쪮
           ࠢ , 梥  १  ᥬ ப.
             ᫥ 믮 ணࠬ ᯫ ⠥  ᪮
          ०.  ⠭ ⥪⮢ ०   
            DOS  MODE  (MODE  CO80)    짮⥫᪮  COM
          ணࠬ,    ன  ⮩  楫  ᯮ 
          INT 10H.
             
             
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
                ꥬ  16    梥⭮  ᯫ  
               ࠭  ⥫   ࠭  (࠭).  
                ࠭   ࠭  80  ⮫殢  ᥬ
               ࠭  ࠭  40  ⮫殢.
          
              ᪨  ० ᯥ稢    ࠧ襭 (
               ন  ROM),  । ࠧ襭 ( 梥⭮
               䨪)    ᮪ ࠧ襭  ( ୮- 
               ).
          
              窠       (      ᪮
               ࠦ)  ।⠢ । ᫮   
               ᨬ    ᪮      ࠧ饩
               ᯮᮡ (, ।  ᮪).
          
               䨪 । ࠧ襭   梥⭮ ᪮
                 (CGA)       梥,   
                ਭ  16  梥⠬,   㣨
               ନ 梥⮢ .
          
            
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
          10.1. 쪮  梥⮢     䮭      ⥪ 
                ⠭⭮ 梥⭮  (CGA)  ⥪⮢ ०?
          


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  10                           234


          10.2.    ਡ    筮  ଠ   )
                ७  મ-㡮,  ) 筥  ⮬,
                )᭮  ஬  .
          
          10.3. ᭨  ࠧ  ⢥  梥⮢,  
                ,  ।  ᮪  ࠧ襭.
          
          10.4.     뢮    ᨬ 筮
                  "㡭"   ⥪⮢ ० મ- 梥⮬
                 ७ 䮭.
          
          10.5.     ⠭ ᪮  ० 
                ࠧ襭 )  320200    CGA  ) 640200 
                 EGA.
          
          10.6.    ⠭ ᨭ  䮭  
                 ०.
          
          10.7.     ⥭  窨  12  ப  13
                ⮫  ᪮ ०.
          
          10.8.  ணࠬ  .10.1 : ) ᪮
                  ०    襬 ;  )  ᭮ 䮭; )
                ப  10  30; ) ⮫殢  20  300.






























          
