          ᥬ  IBM PC.  15                            45


          
           15
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
          ᪮  I: ࣠
          
          :  ᬮ  ᭮  ଠ  ᥩ     
          ⢥म ᪥ ()    ᪥,  
           ⠡ । 䠩.
          
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
                ஭  ।⢮    
            ६ ࠭  .   ࠡ⪨
            ⢥म ᪥ ()  ᠬ 
           ᪮  (᪥),   ᪫祭 ⮣,   
          ॡ ᯥ      㯠   ᫥
            .    ࠡ⪨  䠩  
            ࣠樥 ᪮  .  c஭
          ⠭⭮ 5  1/4  ᪥ ᮤন 40 業
           ஦,  ஭㬥஢  00  39.   ஦
          ଠ  ᥬ      ᥪ஢    512 ⮢
          .
              뢠        䠩, 筮
          ⮬,      뢠 ᥬ  ணࠬ.  
          ⨯ ,     ࠭  䠩,   
          -   ࠭祭,   ⨯  짮⥫᪨  䠩
          ᮤন ᯨ᪨ 稪,   ⮢஢  । 
          ᯨ᪨   ᮢ.    ᮤন  ଠ 
          ⭮ 稪  ᠭ  ⮢.   䠩 
                    ଠ.     
          ᮤঠ   o    ᪮쪮  .     稪,
          ਬ,     ᥩ,   室 
          稪,  稪   .   
           ᯮ   浪  ⠭  ஢ 稪
          ᫥騬 ࠧ:
          
          ĿĿĿ   Ŀ
          1㬬2㬬3㬬...n㬬
             
             
               ணࠬ஢  ᪮  䠩  ᫥   
            ⮫쪮  楯樥  ନ. ᫨
                   ࠧ   ᪠      㪠뢠,  
          ।  5 1/4" ଠ.
          
           
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
               ᪮:
             
                  ᫮        ᫮       ᫮       ᥣ

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  15                            46


                        ஦      ᥪ஢    ⮢       
                         ஭    ஦  ᥪ     ஭
          
           DOS 2.0          40         8         512        327 680
          DOS 2.0  ᫥     40         9         512        368 640
          ᮪ ⭮   80        15         512      1 228 800
          3 1/2"              80         9         512        737 280
             
              ⢥ ᪮:
          
                  ᫮        ᫮       ᫮       ᥣ
                        ஦      ᥪ஢    ⮢      4- 
                         ஭    ஦  ᥪ     ஭
          
          10         306         17        512      10 653 696
          20         614         17        512      21.377.024
          
              ஭ (),  ஦  ᥪ  ᪥
          ⢫    .    ஭    ஦ 
            0,   ᥪ -  1.
          
            ()
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
               ⮣,  ⮡  ࣠  ࠭  ଠ樨  
          ᪥,  樮  ⥬  DOS  १ࢨ ।
          ᥪ   ᢮ 㦤.  ࣠    ᪥ 
           ⢥म ᪥ ⢥     . ଠ
          ஢ ஭ ᪥   ᥪ஬  ஦
          ᮤন ᫥ ⥬ ଠ:
             
          ஭ ஦ 
               0     0     1        砫쭮 㧪
               0     0     2-3      । 䠩 (FAT)
               0     0     4-7     ⠫
               1     0     1-3     ⠫
               1     0     4 ...    
             
              ᥩ   稭  쥣  ᥪ 
          1- ஭ 0- ஦  த   ⮣ ᥪ.
          騥    0- ஭ 1- p, ⥬
           1- ஭ 1- ஦, ⥬  0- ஭ 2- ஦
            ..    ᮡ    ᪮   
          ⨢  ஦ ᭨  ᫮ ६饭 
          ᪮.   ⮤ ᯮ    , ⠪ 
           ⢥ ᪮.
               ᯮ짮  ⨫  FORMAT  /S   ଠ⨧樨
          ᪥,  㫨 DOS  IBMBIO.COM  IBMDOS.COM 뢠 
           ᥪ  .





          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  15                            47


              䠩,    訥  512    (   512),
          稭  ࠭ ᥪ.   䠩 DOS ᮧ
           㫥 p ᪠    .   ⠪
           뢠 ,  , ࠧ  ᯮ 䠩 
          ᪥.    ᫥騩 ଠ:
          
                     祭
          
          0-7      䠩,   ।塞    ணࠬ,  ᮧ襩
                   䠩.      㪠뢠  
                 䠩:   .00   砥,      䠩  
                 ᯮ,  .E5  -  䠩  㤠,  .  2E -
                  .
          8-10    䠩
          11     ਡ 䠩, ।騩  ⨯:
                 .00 -  䠩;
                 .01 - 䠩  ⮫쪮 ;
                 .02 - "⠭" 䠩;
                 .04 - ⥬ 䠩 DOS;
                 .08 - ⪠ ⮬;
                 .10 - ;
                 .20 - 娢 䠩 ( ⢥म ᪠).
          12-21  १ࢨ஢  DOS.
          22-23  ६  ,   䠩  ᮧ   ᫥ ࠧ
                 ,  ᫥騬 筮 ଠ:
          
                              第
          
          24-25   ᮧ  ᫥   䠩, ᦠ
                   ᫮  ᫥饬 筮 ଠ:
          
                              
          
                   稭  1980    ਭ 祭
                  0  119,  -  1  12,   -  1  31.
          26-27  砫       䠩.   ⭮⥫   
                 ᫥  ᥪ஢ ⠫.   䠩 
                 (  COM-㫥  DOS)  稭   ⭮⥫쭮
                   002.    ஭,  ஦   
                    ᪠.
          28-31    䠩    .     ᮧ  䠩  DOS
                   뢠 ࠧ 䠩   .
             
                   ⠫  ᪠,   ॢ騥    ,
          뢠  ⭮ ᫥⥫쭮 ⮢.
          
            
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
             祭  ⠡  ।  䠩  (FAT  -  File
          Allocation Table) - । ᪮ ࠭⢠ 
          䠩.   ᫨    ᮧ      䠩     
          騩,    DOS      ⠡  䠩  

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  15                            48


          ᮮ⢥⢨     ᯮ   䠩     ᪥.  
          砫쭮 㧪 室  ᥪ 1,    ᥪ
          2   稭  FAT.   FAT  ᮤন      
          ,  ⮢ FAT   ன⢠ ᪮
          .        ஭  ᪥  ।⠢
          ᮡ  ᥪ,   ஭ ᪥  - ᬥ 
          ᥪ஢.       ᫮ ⮢  FAT  । 
            p      ஭  ᪥, 祬 
          ஭.
               FAT । ⨯ ன⢠:
             
                    FE   ஭  8 ᥪ஢
                    FC   ஭  9 ᥪ஢
                    FF   ஭  8 ᥪ஢
                    FD   ஭  9 ᥪ஢
                    F9   襭  (1,2 )
                    F8    
             
             ன   ⨩     ᮤঠ  FFFF.  ᫥饩
          ⠡   ࣠      ᪮쪨 ⨯
          ன (ਢ 砫     ᥪ஢).
           "" ।⠢ ᫮ ᥪ஢  :
             
               ன⢮ ᪠            FAT  ⠫ 
                                        ..
             
               ஭, 8 ᥪ஢    1    2-3     4-7     1
               ஭, 9 ᥪ஢    1    2-5     6-9     1
               ஭, 8 ᥪ஢    1    2-3     4-10    2
               ஭, 9 ᥪ஢    1    2-5     6-12    2
               襭  (1,2 )   1    2-15   16-29    1
                 XT              1    2-17   18-49    8
                 AT              1    2-838   4-115   4
             
             稭    ⢥⮣  ,    FAT  ।
          ᥪ.    ⠪       12  ⮢. (
          ᨨ DOS 3     FAT  ⢥म ᪠ 
            16  ⮢).      FAT, 
             ⭮⥫  ᥪ  000     001,  ᮮ⢥⢥,
          㪠뢠     ᫥  ᥪ  , ।
            ࠧ    ଠ.    䠩    稭 
          ⭮⥫쭮 ᥪ 002.      FAT  ⮨ 
            . (12  ⮢),   㪠뢠   ࠪ
          ᯮ짮 ⭮ ᥪ:
             
               000  ᢮ ,
               nnn  ⭮⥫  ᫥饣   䠩,
               FF7  ᯮ㥬  (ᡮ ஦),
               FFF  ᫥  䠩.
             
             ।,  ਬ,   ᪥ ᮤন ⮫쪮 
          䠩   PAYROLL.ASM,  騩 ⭮⥫ ᥪ
          002,  003  004.    ⮣ 䠩 ᮤন

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  15                            49


           䠩 PAYROLL,  ⨯ -  ASM,  .00  筮 䠩,
           ᮧ,  002  -   ࢮ ⭮⥫쭮 ᥪ
          䠩  ࠧ  䠩  .    FAT    ⮬ 砥
           룫拉 ᫥騬 ࠧ (஬ ⮣,    
             ⭮ ᫥⥫쭮):
             
              FAT:        FDFFFF003004FFF000000...000
             ⭮⥫.ᥪ:   0   1   2   3   4   5   6  ...
             
                 FAT  㪠뢠 ᯮ ⠫
             ⭮⥫   ᥪ   000      001.      
          ᬠਢ 䠩  , ⥬ 믮 ᫥騥
          ⢨:
          
          1.   DOS 砥     ᪥      ⠫ 
               PAYROLL  ⨯ ASM.
          2.   ⥬  DOS  ।    ⠫   ࢮ
               ⭮⥫쭮 ᥪ 䠩 (002)   㦠 ᮤন
                 ⮣  ᥪ           ᭮
               .
          3.    ண ᥪ  DOS  砥     FAT,
               ᮮ⢥饣   ⭮⥫쭮   ᥪ   002.   
               ࠬ,  ਢ  ,  ,   
               ᮤন 003.   砥,   䠩 த 
               ⭮⥫쭮  ᥪ  003.  DOS  㦠 ᮤন
               ⮣ ᥪ    ᭮ .
          4.    쥣  ᥪ DOS 砥     FAT,
               ᮮ⢥饣   ⭮⥫쭮  ᥪ   003.  
                 ᮤন  004,     䠩  த  
               ⭮⥫쭮  ᥪ  004.  DOS  㦠 थন
               ⮣ ᥪ    ᭮ .
          5.     FAT   ⭮⥫쭮  ᥪ  004 ᮤন
               .FFF,   ᢨ⥫   ⮬,     
                 ⮣ 䠩.
             
               ⠫ ᮤন  砫쭮   
           䠩,   FAT -  .姭 , 㪠뢠
          騥   ᯮ   ⥫쭮 , ᫨
            .   ⮣,  ⮡  㪠,  ਬ,  䠩
          ᮤন     ⮫쪮  ࢮ ,  ⠡ FAT
           ᮤঠ .FFF   , ।⠢饬 
          ⭮⥫ .
              ⢥ ⮣ ਬ ᬮਬ   ⠫,
          㪠뢠騩,    䠩  稭  ⭮⥫쭮
           15.    樨 ࢮ   ⠡ FAT
          室:
             
               15  1,5, 稬 22,5.
              믮 롮 ᮤন ⮢  22   23   FAT.
               ०,   ᮤঠ F*FF.
              ⠢ : FFF*.



          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  15                            50


                  15-,       - FFF
               㪠뢠    ⢨ 㣨 ஢   
               䠩.
             
              ᬮਬ 䠩,    ,
          稭   15.   FAT, 稭   22 
          ,        p         ࠢ쭮  ⭮
          ᫥⥫쭮 ⮢  p:
             
                         6* 01 17 80 01 FF*F
          
            ⮣,   ⮡        FAT,  室
          㬭  15    1,5,  稬 22,5,     ᮤন
          ⮢ 22   23,     ।饬 ਬ.    ࠧ 
           ᮤঠ 6*01,   ᫥ ⠭   016*.
            15-᫮ ⭮,   ᯮ   
          016.  ன   䠩,  ᫥⥫쭮,   
          016.
              ⮣, ⮡  ⨩ , 室 㬭
          16   1,5  稬  24.  ⥬  ᫥   ᮤন
          ⮢ 24  25 ⠡ FAT. 祭 1780 ᫥ ⠭
          ⮢  8017.    ᫮ 16  ⭮,  ᯮ
          ᫥    017.  ⨩      䠩 
           017.
               ⮣,  ⮡    ⢥  ,  室
          㬭  17    1,5,  稬 25.5.  ⥬ ᫥ 
          ᮤন ⮢ 25   26  ⠡ FAT. 祭 8001 ᫥
          ⠭ ⮢  0180.   ᫮ 17 ⭮, 
          ᯮ      018.  ⢥   
          䠩   018.
               ᯮ짮  ⮩    楤    樨
          ᮤন ᫥饣  FAT  ⭮⥫ ᠬ
          27  28, 稬 FF*F,  ᫥ ⠭  *FFF. 
           ᫮ 18  ⭮,  ᯮ ᫥   FFF,
           砥 ᫥ .
              뫮 ࠭ ᪠,   䠩 稭   ࠭
          p.  ஬ ⮣,  ᮢᥬ    易⥫쭮  䠩 
          ࠭  ᥤ  ,     ࠧᠭ 
          ᪥  ࠧ ᥪࠬ.
             ᫨  ணࠬ 室 । ⨯ ⠭
          ᪠,       ⠡  FAT ।⢥,
          ,  ।⥫쭥, ᯮ짮 㭪 DOS  1BH 
          1CH.
          
             
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
              ᨬ  ࠧ஢  䠩 稭   ࠭
               .
               (⠫) ᮤন   䠩  ᪥
               , ।騥 , ⨯, ਡ, , 砫
                ᥪ  p 䠩.


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  15                            51


                 ।  䠩   (FAT)  ᮤন  
                   p   䠩.
          
            
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
          15.1.      ⠭ ᥪ?
          
          15.2.  ᯮ  砫쭮 㧪?
          
          15.3.     㤠 䠩?
          
          15.4.  ⥫ ⢨ 믮   ଠ
                樨 ᪥   DOS FORMAT /S?
          
          15.5.     ࠧ 砥   ⠡  FAT, 
                ன⢮  ⢥ ?
          
          15.6.  䠩 ࠧ஬ 2890 (筮) ⮢: ) 
                ࠭ c⥬ ࠧ  䠩?  )   ࠦ 
                ࠧ  ⭠筮 ଠ?  )  
                  ⮬ ,   뢠 ⥬.
































          
