          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                            1


           16
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ᪮  II: 㭪樨  ᨨ DOS
          
          :  ᭮ ॡ  ணࠬ஢
          㭪権  ᨨ DOS  ࠡ⪨ ᪮ 䠩.
          
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
              砫      ᬠਢ  㭪樨 
          ᨨ  DOS,  ।騥   ࠢ 䠩  (FCB), 
          ⥬      ᮧ   ࠡ⪨ 
           䠩 ᫥⥫   㯮.  ᬠ
          ਢ 樨 뫨     DOS  
             ᫥ .
             ࠡ⪠ ᪮ 䠩   DOS 砥 ।
            ࠢ 䠩 (FCB - file control block), 
           뢠 䠩   .  ।    FCB
           DOS 易⥫쭠    ᪮  権 -뢮.
            ᥬ     ॡ.
             ࠢ     뢮 ⢫ ᯥ樠묨
          뢠ﬨ.   䠩   ॡ, ⮡ ० 
           "ᮧ"   DOS ᬮ ᣥ஢ ᮮ⢥騩 
            .       䠩  ᠭ,
          ணࠬ   ""  䠩, ⠪, ⮡ DOS  訫
          ࠡ  .  ⥭ 䠩 ॡ,  ⮡   
          ᭠砫 ""   ⮣,  ⮡ 㡥    ⢮
          .       䨪஢      ᨫ
          ᮮ⢥饩  ࣠樨  ,  ࠡ⪠ ᥩ
          ᪮ 䠩    ⢫   ᫥⥫쭮,
          ⠪  ந쭮.
             ⮤ 㯠  ᪮ ,  ন騩 ᯮ짮
           ,  "஢"    "ࠧ஢" 
          ᥩ,  ᯥ稢  뢠 DOS 21H.    
          , ᯥ稢騩 ᮫  ᪮ ᥪ஢,
          ⠪  १ DOS,  믮 ।⢮ 뢠  25H 
          26H.     ஢ ᯥ稢  뢠 BIOS
          13H,  ஥   믮 ந   
          ᪮    ஦  ᥪ.  ⮤ DOS 
          ⢫   ।⥫  ࠡ   ।
          ࠢ   BIOS.    17   ਬ ।
          ⥫  㭪権 ७  DOS 2,     18 ।
          ⠢  ᭮  ᪮  樨   BIOS. :
          ନ  ।    ᥪ஢   묨
           ᨬ  ᪮ ன⢠.
             
             (FCB)
          ------------------------------------------------------------
              믮  権 -뢮   ᪥  
          DOS 室      ।   FCB. 
          FCB  ন  㯠  䠩,  ⮬  ᯮ
            ࠧ  ࠡ⪨ 䠩   ⥪饩 ४

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                            2


          ਨ.   FCB ᮤন  ᠭ  䠩     ᥩ 
          ਢ    ଠ.  짮⥫   樠
          ஢  0-15  32-36,  16-31 ⠭ DOS.
             
                              祭
          0         뢠 ᪮: 01  ᪮ A, 02  B 
                    ..
          1-8          䠩,   ࠢ       ࠭  
                    묨 ஡,  ᫨   8 . 
                     ᮤঠ १ࢨ஢ , ਬ,
                    LPT1  ਭ.
          9-11         䠩      ⥫쭮  䨪樨,
                    ਬ,  DTA  ASM. ᫨ ⨯ 䠩  
                    ,      ࠢ   ࠭
                      묨 ஡.  DOS ࠭   
                    ⨯ 䠩  .
          12-13       ⥪饣 .   ᮤন 128 ᥩ.
                      樨  ⭮    ᯮ
                     ⥪饣    ⥪饩   (
                    32).   䠩   0, ன - 1 
                    ..       䠩  ⠭  
                      0.
          14-15     ᪨ ࠧ .   樠
                      ࠧ    祭 128 (.80).
                    ᫥   ।  樥  ⥭ 
                      ⠭     
                    㥬 祭  .
          16-19      䠩.   ᮧ 䠩 DOS   
                    뢠  祭  (ந  ᫠ 
                    ᥩ    ࠧ  ᥩ)    . 
                      롨ࠥ  ࠧ  䠩    
                        .  ணࠬ  
                     ,     .
          20-21     .  ᮧ  ᫥ 䨪樨 䠩
                    DOS  뢠         .  
                     롨ࠥ        
                     .
          22-31     १ࢨ஢  DOS.
          32        騩  .   ᮤন ⥪騩
                       (-127)    ⥪饬   (.
                    12-13).  ⥬ ᯮ ⥪騥 祭 
                       樨    ᪮ 䠩.
                    筮  砫쭮       - 0,
                          砫 ᫥⥫쭮
                    ࠡ⪨   祭  0  127.
          33-36     ⭮⥫  .   ந쭮 
                    㯠   ⥭      
                     ᮤঠ ⭮⥫  . 
                    ,    ந쭮  ⥭     25
                    (.19),  室  ⠭     
                      19000000.  ந  ࠪਧ
                      ⥬,    ⥬  ⮬᪨  ८ࠧ
                    ⭮⥫        ⥪騥  祭

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                            3


                      .   ࠭祭  ᨬ
                    ࠧ  䠩   (1.073.741.824   ⮢),  䠩  
                    ⪨ ﬨ   ᮤঠ  ᥩ
                       訩 ⭮⥫   . ᫨
                    ࠧ    64,    36 ᥣ ᮤ
                     00.
             
             ,   ᫮ 祭  ᫮   ᫮
          뢠  ⭮ ᫥⥫쭮 ⮢.
              FCB । 易⥫쭮  ᥬ⮢ 
          ७,  ஥  ᯮ짮   ࠡ⪨  䠩 
          ᯥ樠묨 ਡ⠬.  ᯮ짮 ७ 
           ஢  ࢮ   .FF,   ஬ - 
           䠩,   ⠫   .㫨. 
             
            FCB     
          ------------------------------------------------------------
              뫪   ᪮ 䠩 ணࠬ  ᮤ
           ࠢ쭮 ⠢  ࠢ 䠩. 樨
          -뢮     ॡ ⠭    FCB 
          ॣ DX.         FCB  ⢫ 
          ⮬    ॣ஢   DS:DX.  ᮧ
           䠩 ணࠬ ᯮ 㭪  .16  뢠
           DOS INT 21H ᫥騬 ࠧ:
             
                         MOV  AH,16H     ; 
                         LEA  DX,FCBname ;    ᪮ 䠩
                         INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
             DOS ⢫    䠩  ⨯  䠩, ⮣
            ᮮ⢥  FCB,    .  ᫨ 
          ,   ᮤঠ騩  室    (  ⨯),  㤥
          ,   DOS 頥     ᯮ
          ,  ᫨  ⠪    㤥 ,   DOS 
          ᢮ . ⥬  ⠭ ࠧ 䠩
            0    "뢠"  䠩.    ⠯    ந室
          ஢ઠ 㯭 ᪮  ࠭⢠, १ ⠪
          ஢ન ⠭  ॣ AL:
             
                    00    ᪥  ᢮ ࠭⢮
                    FF    ᪥  ᢮ ࠭⢠.
             
               ⨨  ⠪  ⠭      FCB 
          ⥪饣   -  0   ࠧ ᥩ (  㬮砭) - 128
          (.80)  ⮢.  ०,  祬    䠩, 
               祭    㬮砭   ॡ㥬 ࠧ
          ᥩ.
              । 뢮   室 ० ᯥ
           砫   ⮩     । 
          (DTA - disk trausfer area).    FCB ᮤন ࠧ
          ᥩ,    DTA   ॡ  ⠭ ࠭⥫
           .  ⥬     㭪樨  .1A 室


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                            4


          ᮮ  DOS  DTA.      ६  
          ⨢  ⮫쪮    DTA.   ᫥饬  ਬ 樠
            DTA:
             
                    MOV  AH,1AH         ; ⠭ 
                    LEA  DX,DTAname ;           DTA
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
             ᫨ ணࠬ ࠡ뢠 ⮫쪮  ᪮ 䠩, 
             ⮫쪮    ⠭    DTA   ᥣ
          믮.  ࠡ⪥ ᪮쪨 䠩 ணࠬ 
          ⠭  ᮮ⢥騩     DTA  ।⢥
          ।  樥 ⥭  .
                 ᫥⥫쭮     㭪
          . 15:
             
                    MOV  AH,15          ; ᫥⥫쭠
                    LEA  DX,FCBname     ;    
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
                 ᯮ  ଠ     FCB 
           ⥪饣  DTA.  ᫨    ࠢ ࠧ
          ᥪ,        .   ⨢ 砥
               ᥪ  ⥬  
             .  ਬ,  ᫨    ⠢
           128  ⮢,         ﬨ
          (4*128=512)  ⥬  뢠  ᪮ ᥪ.
             ᫥ ᯥ譮 ᥭ     DOS 㢥稢
             FCB ࠧ 䠩   ࠧ    ⥪騩 
            1.    ⥪饩  ⨣  128, 
          室  ⮣ 祭  0   FCB 㢥稢 
          ⥪饣   1.   頥  ॣ  AL ᫥
          騥 :
             
                    00   ᯥ譠 .
                    01    .
                    02     DTA     .
             
                䠩 襭,  ,      ᥣ
          易⥫쭮,   થ  䠩 (.1A).   
           䠩 ᯮ 㭪 .10:
             
                    MOV  AH,10H         ; 
                    LEA  DX,FCBname     ;   䠩
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
                    뢠    ,  
          ⠫  ᪮  DOS     ᮮ⢥饬
            ,    ࠧ  䠩.    ॣ AL
           ᫥騥 祭:
             
                    00   ᯥ譠 .
                    FF   ᠭ 䠩   ࠢ쭮

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                            5


                           (  १
                         ᬥ ᪥).
             
          :  FCB     
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             ணࠬ, ਢ  .16.1, ᮧ ᪮ 䠩
           ,  ஥  짮⥫  . 
          FCB (FCBREC)   ணࠬ ᮤন ᫥騥 :
             
          FCBDRIV   ணࠬ  ᮧ 䠩  ᪥  ᪮
                    4 ( D).
          FCBNAME    䠩 - NAMEFILE.
          FCBEXT     䠩 - DAT.
          FCBBLK    砫쭮 祭  ⥪饣  - 0.
          FCBRCSZ    ᥩ ।, ⠪   
                     ⠭    祭 128.
          FCBSQRC   砫쭮 祭  ⥪饩  - 0.
          
               ணࠬ ࣠ ᫥騥 楤:
          
          BEGIN     樠   ᥣ   ॣ,   뢠
                    C10OPEN  ᮧ 䠩   ⠭  DTA
                     DOS,  뢠 D10PROC     䠩.
                    ᫨  ⮩,   ந室 맮 G10PROC 
                    襭 ணࠬ.
          C10OPEN     䠩    ४ਨ, ⠭
                     ࠧ  ᥩ  -  32  (.20)   樠
                       DTA  DOS.
          D10PROC   뤠    ,     
                      뢠 楤 F10WRIT   
                       .
          E10DISP   ࠢ ப⪮  ⠭ .
          F10WRIT   뢠   ᪮ 䠩.
          G10CLSE   뢠 થ  䠩  뢠 䠩.
          X10ERR    뤠   ࠭ ᮮ饭   訡   砥 
                    ४⭮  樨  ᮧ  䠩    
                    .
             
                   ⮬᪨     1  
          FCBSGRC ( ⥪饩 )   .20  (ࠧ ) 
          FCBFLSZ (ࠧ 䠩).       32
          ,      16 ᥩ  ⥬ 
              ᥪ ᪠.   ᮤন DTA
           :
             
                    DTA: |⥪ |
               : | 00| 01| 02|...| 15|
             
             ᫨ 짮⥫  25  ,  稪 ᥩ 㢥
            1  25 (.19).  䠩 ⠢:
             
                    25 * 32  = 800 ⮢  . 320
             

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                            6


          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ------------------------------------------------------------
                    . 16.1.  ᪮ 䠩.
          
                  ன ᥪ  ⠢訥 
            ᥩ        ࢧ
          䠩.  뢠 ⠬  ⠢ 浪:
          20030000. ᫥   ᫥騩 :
             
          : | 16| 17|...| 24|.1A|...|...|
          
                  ਢ  ணࠬ  ᮧ 
          䠩,  ᮤঠ騥  ⮫쪮    .    設⢠
          㣨  䠩,  ,  ᮤন  ࠧ  ᨬ  
             ॡ  ᠭ   DTA.  ᫨ 
          ᮤঠ  ᫠,    ᫥  ᯮ짮 થ
           䠩 (EOF),  ⠪  筮 ᫮   ᮢ 
          .  1A.
               ⮣,  ⮡  ᤥ ணࠬ   , 
          ࠧ 짮⥫ 㪠 ᪮,   ஬ 室
            㤥 室 䠩.   砫 믮 ணࠬ
            뤠    ࠭ ᮮ饭,  ⮡ 짮⥫ 
           ᪮,  ⥬     FCB.
             
             
          ------------------------------------------------------------
                ᨨ DOS ணࠬ,   ᪮ 䠩,
          ᮤন   ࠢ  䠩,    । 䠩
          筮 ⠪,     ᮧ.   砫 ணࠬ  
           䠩 ᯮ 㭪 . OF:
             
                    MOV  AH,OFH         ; ⨥
                    LEA  DX,FCBname     ;    䠩
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
               稭  ᪠   
              ⨯  䠩,  ।묨  FCB. ᫨ ⠪
            㤥   ,    ॣ AL 
           .  FF. ᫨  ,   ॣ AL
          ⠭ 00    FCB   ⢨⥫ ࠧ
          䠩,    ⠪ ⠭  ⥪饣     0,
             .80.  ᫥    
            㣮 祭.
             DTA   ᮤঠ  ।  뢠   
          ᮮ⢥⢨  ଠ⮬,   ᯮ짮  ᮧ
          䠩.     ⠭    DTA   ᯮ  㭪
          .1A (      થ஬    䠩  EOF .1A)
          筮 ᮧ ᪮ 䠩:
             
                    MOV  AH,1AH         ; ⠭
                    LEA  DX,DTAname     ;   DTA
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                            7


              ᫥⥫쭮 ⥭ ᥩ  ᪠ ᯮ
          㭪 .14:
             
                    MOV  AH,14H         ; ᫥⥫쭮
                    LEA  DX,FCBname     ;   ⥭ ᥩ
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
             ⥭   ᪠   DTA  ⢫  
           ଠ樨   FCB.  ⥭ ⠭ 
          ॣ AL ᫥騥  :
             
               00   ᯥ譮 ⥭.
               01    䠩,   ⠭.
               02    DTA    ⥭  .
               03    䠩, ⠭ 筠 ,     
           ﬨ.
             ࢠ  ⥭  ᮤন ᥣ ᥪ 
           DOS.  ⥬   ।     FCB ࠧ
            뫠          DTA. ᫥
          騥 樨 ⥭ 뫠 ⠫  (᫨ 
          )       㤥 ௠.  ᫥ ⮣ 
          ⥭ ।  ᫥饣 ᥪ     
          ন  .
             ᫥ ᯥ譮 樨 ⥭    FCB ⮬᪨
          㢥稢   ⥪饩     1. 襭 ᫥
          ⥫쭮 ⥭ । ணࠬ  થ 
          䠩 (EOF),   祣   ணࠬ   ᮮ⢥
          ஢ઠ.        ⥭  䠩   
          ,    筮    室  뢠  䠩 ᫥
          襭 ⥭.  ᪫祭 ⠢ ணࠬ, 
          뢠      ᪮쪮  䠩  ६. 
          ணࠬ   뢠 䠩,  ⠪  DOS ࠭稢
          ᫮ ६  䠩.
             
          :  FCB    
          ------------------------------------------------------------
              .16.2 ਢ ணࠬ,  믮 ⥭
          䠩,  ᮧ ।饩  ணࠬ,   뢮  ࠭
              ᥩ 䠩.   ணࠬ  ᮤঠ 
            FCB,  ,      FCB     ࠧ.
          ন    ⨯ 䠩   .
             ணࠬ ᮤন ᫥騥 楤:
             
          BEGIN     樠  ᥣ  ॣ,  뢠 
                    楤 E10OPEN   䠩   ⠭ DTA
                     뢠 F10READ  ⥭ ᥩ. ᫨ ⠭
                    થ  䠩,  ணࠬ 蠥, ᫨
                    ,  뢠 楤 G10DISP.
          E10OPEN   뢠 䠩,  ⠭  祭 ࠧ 
                    ᥩ,  ࠢ  32  (.20),   樠
                     DTA.



          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                            8


          F10READ   믮 ᫥⥫쭮  ⥭  ᥩ. 
                     ⥭ ⮬᪨ 㢥稢  ⥪饩
                        FCB.
          G10DISP   뢮  ࠭ ᮤন ⠭ .
          X10ERR    뢮   ࠭  ᮮ饭    訡   砥
                    ४⭮ 樨   ⥭.
             
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ------------------------------------------------------------
                         . 16.2. ⥭ ᪮ 䠩 
          
                믮     ⨯  䠩 
          .  ᫨ 室    , 
          ⮬᪨     FCB   ࠧ  䠩,   
           ᥩ.  ࢠ   ⥭    ஬ 00
          砥     뢠  ᥪ (16 ᥩ)
           .  ᫥ ⮣ ࢠ    DTA,  
          ⥪饩   FCB 㢥稢  00  01:
             
             : | 00| 01| 02|... | 15|
                    DTA : | 00|
             ன 樨 ⥭   室   
          .    ॡ㥬  㦥 室  ,  
            뫠    01     DTA  㢥
          稢  ⥪饩   .    ࠧ 
           ᫥騥 樨  ⥭   16  ᥩ 
             ࠡ⠭.
             樨  ⥭  16-    ਢ    䨧᪮
          ⥭ ᫥饣 ᥪ    뫪  ࢮ 
          ᥪ  DTA.  ᫥騥 樨 ⥭ ७ ⠫
                    DTA.   ⪠    ᫥
          ᫥  맮  ﭨ  䠩    ॣ
          AL 㤥 ᠭ   . 01.
             
           
          ------------------------------------------------------------
                 ⮩   ᬠਢ ᫥⥫쭠
          ࠡ⪠ ᪮ 䠩,   ⭠    ᮧ
           䠩,  ⠪     ᮤন  ᥭ 
            訥 䠩.  ᫨ ணࠬ ࠭祭 ⮫쪮
           ᫥⥫쭮  ࠡ⪨,     
          䠩   뢠  ,   
            ।             㣮 䠩
          (ணࠬ    ᯮ짮    DTA,    ॡ
          ࠧ    FCB).  筮  ࠪ⨪   ⥭
          室 䠩  ᪠ A    䠩  
          B.  २⢮ ⮣ ᯮᮡ ⮨  ⮬,    ⮬
          ᪨ ⠢ १ࢭ .
                   ਬ      
           䠩  祭 ଠ樨, ਬ, ᪮쪨
          㦠       ⨬  ⮢஢.   㯠,
          ᪠,   300-    䠩, ᫥⥫쭠 ࠡ⪠


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                            9


            ⥭  299 । ᥩ, 
           㤥 祭  300- .  ਬ砭:  ⥬ 
           ࠡ  ⭮    ).
             ᬮ    ,    䠩  ᮧ  ᫥⥫쭮,
                   ᫥⥫   
          (ந).  ॡ  אַ  ࠡ⪨, ᯮ襩
          맮 DOS,    ⠭ ॡ㥬  
           ᮮ⢥饥  FCB  뤠    אַ ⥭
           .
             ந  ᯮ ⭮⥫  
          ( 33-36)    FCB.   ࠧ  ᫮
            ᯮ    ᫥⥫쭮     ᫮.
           樨 ॡ㥬   ⥬  ⮬᪨ 
          ࠧ ⭮⥫       ⥪饣 
          ( 12-13)   ⥪饩  ( 32).
             
              
             樨      ⠭  DTA     
          אַ,  ⠪   ᫥⥫쭮  ࠡ⪨. ।,
           ணࠬ  믮 אַ    ⮩ 
          䠩.  ⠭ 祭 05    FCB  ⭮⥫쭮
               믮      אַ  ⥭. 
          १ ᯥ譮  樨 ᮤন ⮩   㤥
          饭  DTA.
                   אַ ⥭    室  
          㥬 祭 ⭮⥫쭮    FCB  맢
          㭪 .21:
             
                    MOV  AH,21H         ;  
                    LEA  DX,FCBname     ;    אַ ⥭
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
              ⥭ ८ࠧ ⭮⥫    
           ⥪饣   .  祭  祭 ᯮ
             樨 ॡ㥬 ᪮  , ।
          ᮤন   DTA  ⠭  ॣ  AL ᫥騥
          祭:
             
                    00   ᯥ譮 襭
                    01     㯭
                    02   ⥭ ४饭 - 墠⪨   DTA
                    03   ⠭ 筠 ,
                    ﬨ.
             
              , । ᫥   
          ﭨ  䠩.    ४⭮  ⥭   ।
            ⢥    -  00. ⠫ 
              १⮬ ⠭ ࠢ쭮
          ⭮⥫쭮        ४⭠  ⠭
            DTA  FCB.    ⠪ 訡   ,
            믮 ஢   ॣ AL  㫥 
          祭.


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                           10


               ணࠬ 뤠       ,
          ,  ᯮ    樨 ᥪ, 
          ஬ 室 ॡ㥬 ,  뢠  ᥪ 
          ᪠    뫠   DTA.  ।, 
          ,     ࠧ 128 , ..   
           ᥪ.    אַ ⥭  23 ਢ 
          ⥭    ᥩ,    ᥪ:
             
             |  20 |  21 |  22 |  23 |
             
               ணࠬ  뤠  אַ     ,
          ਬ,  23,    ᭠砫 ஢ ᮤন 
          .        㦥 室  ,   
          ।⢥ 뫠  DTA.  ᫨ ணࠬ 
           35,     ,   १ 
           ॡ㥬 ,  ⠥  ᥪ    
             DTA.   ࠧ,  樨 אַ 
          㯠    䥪⨢,  ᫨  ᥩ 
            .
             
              
              ᮧ 䠩  ⠭ DTA   
          אַ,  ⠪   ᫥⥫쭮 㯠.  ࠡ⪨
          䠩  ⮢஢ ணࠬ  ,  ᯮ  אַ 
          ,   室 , ,  ,
           (ਬ,    ⢮  ⮢஢)   
                      .   אַ 
          ᯮ ⭮⥫      FCB  㭪
          .22 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
             
                    MOV  AH,22H         ;  
                    LEA  DX,FCBname     ;     
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
                ⠭  ॣ AL ᫥騥  
          :
             
                    00   ᯥ譠 
                    01    ᪥  
                    02    ४饭  १
                        DTA.
             
              ᮧ  䠩  㯮   
          祭 㫥  .    אַ ⥭  ९
            ᥩ  ⮬    ᪠  
            ⮫쪮 00.
             ⭮⥫     FCB  אַ 㯥
           ࠧ  ᫮ ( ),   ᫮ 
          뢠 ⭮  ᫥⥫쭮 ⮢.   
           䠩   ॡ ⠭   ᠬ 
             ᫮,      䠩 ⠭ 
                        ॡ  ன
          ⥫쭮.

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                           11


             
          :    
          ------------------------------------------------------------
              .16.3  ਢ ணࠬ,  뢠 䠩,
          ᮧ ।饩  ணࠬ  (..16.1).  
          ⭮⥫   ,  饩  ࠭ 䠩, 
          ⥫ 訢 뢮  ࠭   䠩. ᫨
          䠩 ᮤন 25  ᥩ,  ࠢ묨   
            00   24.      ASCII ଠ
                 襬 砥 -   姭 
          .
             ணࠬ ᮤন ᫥騥 楤:
             
          C10OPEN   뢠 䠩,  ⠭ ࠧ   32 
                    ⠭  DTA.
          D10RECN        , ८ࠧ 
                      ଠ  뢠 祭 祭
                      FCB.    ⢥  ᮢ襭⢮ 楤
                     ⠢ ஢ 宦   ࠭
                     00  24.
          F10READ   頥 ॡ㥬    DTA   ᮮ⢥⢨ 
                    ⭮⥫ ஬   FCB.
          G10DISP   뢮   ࠭.
          
             楤 D10RECN        
              ᯨ᪥ ࠬ஢.    ਠ
          :
                    00   襭  ࠡ⪨
                    01    筮 ᫮ ( ॣ AL)
                    02    姭筮 ᫮ ( ॣ AX)
             
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ------------------------------------------------------------
                    .16.3. אַ ⥭ ᪮ ᥩ.
          
              楤  ८ࠧ    ᫮   ASCII
          ଠ   ଠ.    祭 室   
           AX,    ᯮ짮    AAD   ८
          .  ᫥  ८ࠧ     ॣ AX
          뫠         ⭮⥫쭮 
             FCB. ᫨, ਬ,  ᫮ 12  ASCII
          ଠ,  AX 㤥 ᮤঠ 3132.  AND ८ࠧ
           祭  0102,    AAD -   000C.  
          ࠧ      ⭮⥫쭮   
           FCB   000 0000.
             
            
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             ᫨  ணࠬ  筮 ,   ﬠ
          筠     䠩  DTA   , 
          ⠪   䠩  ᪠  DTA.   ᮡ
          쬠      ⠡,  㣨 
          ࠬ  뢠    ࠡ⪨.

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                           12


                   ࠢ쭮 ⭮⥫쭮 
          .  ᫮ ᥩ ⠪   ,   
           室   ।  䠩.  ।  砫 室
           䠩  樠஢ DTA.
              樨 אַ 筮   室 ⠭
            ॣ  X  ॡ㥬 ᫮ ᥩ,  ⠭   FCB
          ⮢  ⭮⥫         뤠  㭪
          .28:
             
               MOV  AH,28H         ;  אַ 筮 
               MOV  CX,records     ; ⠭ ᫠ ᥩ
               LEA  DX,FCBname     ;
               INT  21H            ; 맮 DOS
             
              ८ࠧ ⭮⥫    ⥪騥
              . 祭 祭 ᯮ
           । 砫쭮   ᪥.  १ 
          樨    ॣ  AL  ⠭  ᫥騥   
          :
             
               00   ᯥ譮 襭   ᥩ
               01    ᪥ 筮 .
             
             ஬  ⮣    ⠭  FCB    ⭮
          ⥫쭮     ⥪ ஢    
           祭, ᮮ⢥騥 ᫥饬  . 
          ,  ᫨  뫨  ᠭ   00    24,  ᫥騩
            㤥 25 (.19).
               樨  אַ 筮  ⥭ 室 ⠭
             ॣ  CX ॡ㥬 ᫮  ᥩ  ᯮ짮
          㭪 .27:
             
               MOV  AH,27H         ;  אַ 筮 ⥭
               MOV  CX,records     ; ⠭ ᫠ ᥩ
               LEA  DX,FCBname     ;
               INT  21H            ; 맮 DOS
             
              ⥭ 頥  ॣ AL  ᫥騥 
          :
               00   ᯥ譮 ⥭  ᥩ
               01   ⠭ ᫥  䠩
               02   ⠭ ।쭮  DTA ᫮ ᥩ
               03   ⠭ ᫥  䠩  .
             
               ॣ CX ⠥  ⢨⥫쭮 ᫮ ⠭
          ᥩ,   FCB   ⭮⥫쭮    
          ⥪ ஢        ⠭ 祭,
          ᮮ⢥騥 ᫥饬  .
             ᫨ 室 㧨    䠩,  ᫮ 
          ᥩ ⭮,   ᫥ ᫥  樨  ࠧ
           ࠧ  䠩    .  ਬ,   ࠧ
          䠩 .320  (800)    .20 (32) ᫮ 
          ᥩ 㤥 .19 (25).

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                           13


             
          :   
          ------------------------------------------------------------
              .16.4  ਢ ணࠬ, 믮 筮 
           䠩, ᮧ ணࠬ  .16.1. ணࠬ 
           砫 ⭮⥫    00,  ॣ
           CX - 稪  25 ᥩ  뢮  ࠭  ଠ
            DTA (⮫쪮  ⮣, ⮡ 㡥,  ଠ
          ⠭).  㣨 ਠ ணࠬ    ⠭
           㣮 砫쭮    뢠  25 
          ᥩ.
              ணࠬ ࣠ ᫥騥 楤:
          
          E10OPEN   뢠 䠩, ⠭ ࠧ   FCB
                    ࠢ 32  ⠭  DTA.
          F10READ   ⠭ ᫮ ᥩ ࠢ 25  믮
                    筮 ⥭.
          G10DISP   뢮   ࠭.
          
              ⥭ ८ࠧ ⭮⥫   00
           FCB   ⥪饣  00    ⥪饩   00.
            樨 ⥭  FCB ⥪騩    㤥 
          ঠ  .19,    ⭮⥫      -  .
          19000000. 
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ------------------------------------------------------------
                        . 16.4. אַ 筮 ⥭.
                                        
             -
          ------------------------------------------------------------
              ।⢥ 㯠     ᯮ짮
          樨 ᮫⭮ ⥭   ᮫⭮     
          㭪権 DOS INT 25H  26H.    ⮬  砥   ᯮ
           ᪠   २⢠  ஢   ࠧ
           ᥩ, ᯥ稢 㭪樥 DOS INT 21H.
             ᮫  樨  ।,     
          ࠧ ᥪ, ⮬ אַ  ⢫  
           ᥪ    ᥪ஢.   ᪠ 믮
            "᪮    "  (᮫  ᥪ). 
          ।  ᪮         ஭
          ᪥   ᥪࠬ  ᥪ஢   ஦
          0, ᥪ 1, ᫥騬 ࠧ:
             
                 ஦     ᪨  
                    0     1              0
                    0     2              1
                    1     1              9
                    1         9          17
                    2         9          26
             
              ஭ ᪥ ᯮ ᫥ 㫠:
             
             ᪨   = (஦  9) + (ᥪ - 1)

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                           14


             
             ਬ,  ᪨    ஦ 2  ᥪ
          9 । 
             
                          (2  9) + (9 - 1) = 18 + 8 = 26
                                          
             ࠣ ணࠬ  ᮫ 権 -뢮:
             
               MOV  AL,drive#      ; 0  A, 1  B  ..
               MOV  BX,addr        ;   -뢮
               MOV  CX,sectors     ; ᫮ ᥪ஢
               MOV  DX,record#     ; 砫 ᪨  
               INT  25H  26H    ; ᮫⭮ ⥭  
             
             樨 ᮫⭮ ⥭    ࠧ ᮤন
             ॣ஢,  ஬ ᥣ,  ⠭ 䫠
          CF  樨 ᯥ譮 (0)   ᯥ譮 (1) 樨.
           砥  ᯥ譮 樨 ᮤন ॣ  AL 
           ࠪ 訡:
             
                    AL             稭
               1000 0000      ன⢮  ⢥砥
               0100 0000      訡 ⠭ 
               0010 0000      訡 ஫
               0001 0000      訡 ᪥?
               0000 1000      ९ DMA  ⥭
               0000 0100        
               0000 0011      ⪠   饭 ᪥
               0000 0010         થ
             
               INT 뢠  ᮤন  䫠 ॣ 
          ⥪.  ᫥  襭    INT  ᫥ ⠭
          䫠,  ஢ਢ । ⨬ 䫠 CF. 
             
            
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             ஬  ᭮  ᪮  㭪権 DOS   ᪮쪮
          ⥫  ᪮ 権.
             
              ᪠: . D
             筮 ଠ쭮  ⨥  䠩  ਢ   ᥭ
           ⠢   ᥩ     ४஢ 
          .   ᮡ  ( 蠣  ணࠬ  
          ਩ 襭)   ॡ  ᪠. 㭪
          DOS .  D ᢮   䠩     ४
              ᪠.  ᫨ 室,  砫 
          㭪 뢠  䠩.
             
                    MOV  AH,ODH    ;    ᪠
                    INT  21H       ; 맮 DOS
             
             ⠭ ⥪饣 ᪮: . E


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                           15


             ᭮ 祭 㭪樨 DOS .E - ⠭ 
          ⥪饣 ( 㬮砭)  ᪮.  ᪮ 頥
            ॣ DL, 祬 0 ᮮ⢥ ᪮ A, 1 - B 
          ..
                    MOV  AH,OEH    ;   ⠭
                    MOV  DL,02     ;    ᪮ C
                    INT  21H       ; 맮 DOS
              頥  ॣ AL ᫮ ᪮ (
          ᨬ  ⨯).     DOS 室  ࠩ  2
          ᪨ ᪮ A  B,   DOS 頥 祭 02 
           ⥬   ᪮.  ( । ⢨⥫
           ᫠ ᪮ ᯮ  INT 11H).
             
              ⮢ : . 11  12
             ணࠬ  ⨫  ॡ    
            㯠   䠩,  ਬ,    㤠 
          २.    㯠    ࢮ   ⢥
            室 㧨   ॣ DX 
          ⮣      FCB    믮   㭪  11H.  
          ᯮ짮 ७   FCB    ⠪ 
           ਡ (.孨᪮ 㪮⢮  DOS).
             
                    MOV  AH,11H         ;    
                    LEA  DX,FCBname     ;  FCB
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
             FCB   ᯮ    5CH   䨪 
          ࠬ  ᥣ,  ।饬 ணࠬ   (DTA
           㬮砭). ஡ . . 22.
              ॣ AL   頥 .FF,  ᫨ 
           ,   .00, ᫨ .  ⠭ 
          DTA  ᪮ (1=A, 2=B  ..)  䠩  ⨯ 䠩.
             ᫨  ᪮쪮 ⮢   롮થ   蠡
          (ਬ, *.ASM),   樨 ⮢ ⢠
          ४ਨ ᯮ 㭪 12H:
             
                    MOV  AH,12H         ;  ᫥饣 
                    LEA  DX,FCBname     ;  FCB
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
                ॣ AL   㭪樨 11H.
             
              䠩: .13
              㤠 䠩  ணࠬ  ᯮ  㭪 DOS
          13H.    㤠  ⠭  ᯥ樠   
          ࢮ 樨  䠩  .
             
                    MOV  AH,13H         ;   㤠 䠩
                    LEA  DX,FCBname     ;  FCB
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
             ᫨  室  㤠 ,   ॣ AL
          ⠭   00,   ࠢ .FF.

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                           16


             
             २ 䠩: . 17
              २ 䠩  ணࠬ ᯮ 㭪
          DOS .17.  ஥  䠩 뢠   筮 
           FCB,   - 稭  ᬥ饭 16.
             
                    MOV  AH,17H         ;   २
                    LEA  DX,FCBname     ;  FCB
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
              ?   *    ਢ  ࠭  ᮮ
            ᨬ  ண . ᯥ譠 
            ⠭    ॣ  AL      00,  
          ᯥ譠 (䠩  ஬        
           㦥 ) -  FF.
             
             祭 ⥪饣  ᪮: .19
             㭪 DOS .19    ।  ⥪騩 
          ᪮:
             
                    MOV  AH,19H         ;  ⥪騩 ᪮
                    INT  21H        ; 맮 DOS
             
              頥 .   ᪮   ॣ AL
          (0=A,  1=B    ..).  祭  祭   
          ।⢥  FCB  㯠  䠩    ⥪饣 ᪮
          .
             ஬  ᫥    㭪樨    祭
          ଠ樨  ⠡ FAT  (1B  10),  ⠭  אַ
            (24),  ⠭   뢠  (25), ᮧ
           ணࠬ  ᥣ  (26)       䠩
          (29).  㭪樨 ᠭ  孨᪮ 㪮⢥  DOS.
             
          :   
          ------------------------------------------------------------
               .16.5   ਢ  COM-ணࠬ      SDEL,
           㭪樨 DOS 11H,  12H  13H   㤠 
          ࠭ 䠩.      㤠 䠩 짮⥫
           ,ਬ, ᫥騥 :
             
                   SDEL  *.*      ( 䠩)
                   SDEL  *.BAK    ( BAK-䠩)
                   SDEL  TEST.*   ( 䠩   TEST)
             
             ।⢮ DOS ணࠬ ।    
          ,  㤮⢮騥 .  DOS    
             PSP (䨪 ணࠬ ᥣ)  ᬥ
           .81  (DTA  㬮砭).  ⥬ ணࠬ 뢮 
          ࠭  䠩    ⢥ত.  ⢥ Y () ࠧ
          蠥  㤠,  N ()  ࠭ 䠩,  Return 蠥
          믮.



          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                           17


                ,   ணࠬ  
          ᮧ   COM-ணࠬ,  ⠪    EXE-ணࠬ ॡ
          ⫨筮 樨  ᯮ짮 ᬥ饭  .5   81
           PSP.   ஢ ணࠬ ᯮ ᪮஢
          ६ 䠩.
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ------------------------------------------------------------
                      .16.5. 롮筮 㤠 䠩.
          
             
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          -  ணࠬ,  ᯮ INT 21H   ᨨ DOS 
             権  -뢮    ,    ᮤঠ 
             ࠢ 䠩 (FCB)   㯭 䠩.
          -     ᮤন  128  ᥩ.  ⥪饣  
              ⥪饩   FCB 㪠뢠   ᪮ ,
                ࠡ⠭.
          -   ⭮  ᫥⥫쭮      FCB 뢠
             ᫥騥 :   ⥪饣 , ࠧ ,
             ࠧ 䠩  ⭮⥫  .
          -   ணࠬ,  ࠡ뢠騥     䠩, 
               ᠭ  FCB.
          -    -뢮 (DTA)  । ᮬ ,
             㤠     饭   ⥭   㤠
                  .  ०,  祬 믮 
                 ⥭,    ணࠬ  室 ⠭
               DTA.
          -    䠩 ⠭     FCB 
               ᫥ ⮢:  䠩, ⨯ 䠩, ࠧ
               (.80),  ࠧ 䠩  . ணࠬ 
              ࠧ ᥩ  ࠢ쭮 祭.
          -  ணࠬ, ᯮ   䠩  DOS INT
             21H,    䠩      ࠡ⪨   ⮣,
             ⮡       ⠢訥    
             (᫨ ⠪ )   ᪮४஢ ᮮ⢥騩
              .
          -    ᯮ짮  ⥭     樨 DOS INT
             21H ⥬ ⮬᪨  ⥪騩   
             FCB.
          -    ⥭    뢠  DOS  INT  21H ஢
             稥   ॡ㥬     ᭠砫         
             ⢨ 믮 ⥭  ᪠.
          -  אַ ⮤ 㯠  ॡ  㪠     
              ⭮⥫쭮    FCB.
          -  ᥬ  ( ᫮)  ⭮⥫쭮  
               ⭮ ᫥⥫쭮 .
          -  ᫨ ॡ㥬   אַ 㯥 㦥  室 
             ,   ⥬ ।  ।⢥   DTA. 
             ⨢ 砥 믮 ⥭  ᪠   ᥣ
             ᥪ, ᮤঠ饣 室 .
          -  樨 אַ 筮  ⥭       䥪
             ⨢    稨  筮   .    樨
             ᮡ 㤮  㧪 ⠡.

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                           18


          -   DOS INT 25H  26H ⢫  ᪮ 樨
             ᮫⭮ ⥭  ,   ন ࠡ
             ,   ।  䠩    ᯥ稢
             ஢  ஢ ᥩ.
          
            
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          16.1.   㭪樨  ᨨ DOS  ᫥ 
                 権:  ) ᮧ 䠩, ) ⠭ DTA, ) ᫥
                 ⥫쭠 ,  )  ⨥ 䠩, ) ᫥
                 ⥫쭮 ⥭.
          16.2.  ணࠬ ᯮ  ࠧ  , ⠭
                  ⨨  䠩  㬮砭.  ) 쪮 ᥩ
                 ᮤন    ᥪ?  )  쪮 ᥩ ᮤন
                 ᪥    ६  ஦      ᥪ஢ 
                 ?  )  ᫨  ᪥ () 室  䠩,
                     ᫥⥫쭮  ⥭  ᪮쪮 ந
                 䨧᪨ 饭  ?
          16.3.   ணࠬ,    ᮧ  ᪮ 䠩,
                 ᮤঠ騩       ⮢:   ⮢
                 ( ᨬ),   ⮢ (12 ᨬ) 
                 ⮨    ⮢  (  ᫮).   
                 祭      ⢫   짮⥫  
                 .    ८ࠧ ᫠  ASCII
                 ।⠢  筮 ।⠢.
          16.4.    ணࠬ,   뢮   ࠭ 䠩,
                 ᮧ   16.3.
          16.5.  ।  ⥪騩           ᫥
                 ஢  ᥩ    אַ  㯥:  )45,  )73,
                 )150, )260.
          16.6.       2652 (筮) ⠭
                    ⭮⥫쭮   FCB?
          16.7.   ⭠    㭪権   ᫥
                  権: ) ﬠ , ) אַ ⥭, )
                 ﬠ 筠 , ) אַ 筮 ⥭.
          16.8.     । ᫠ ᥩ 䠩,
                 ।,        㦥 믮.
                     ࠧ஬  䠩  FCB  FLSZ   ࠧ஬
                  FCB FCSZ.
          16.9.  ᯮ  ணࠬ      16.4   ᮧ
                 䠩  ⢮, 業  ﬨ ⮢஢,
                 ନ   䠩     ਢ묨     묨.
                  ணࠬ,    믮   筮
                 ⥭    䠩    뢮     
                 ࠭.
          
                          
                    023  00315     ᥬ
                    024  00430     騪
                    027  00525     
                    049  00920     
                    114  11250     ࠪ
                    117  00630     

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  16.                           19


                    122  10520     
                    124  21335     
                    127  00960     ⠭   ⮪
                    232  05635     ௠⥫?
                    999  00000
          
          16.10.  ணࠬ    16.9  ⠪,  ⮡ 業
                 뢠    筮 ଠ.
          16.11.  ணࠬ   16.9  ⠪,  ⮡ ) 
                 짮  אַ ⥭, ) 짮⥫
                      ⢮  ⮢   ) 믮
                  ᫥  뢮   ࠭  ⮨ (ந
                  ⢠ ⮢  ⮨  ⮢).
           








































          
