          ᥬ  IBM PC.  23                            55


          
           23
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
          뢠 BIOS  DOS
          
          :   㭪樨,  㯭 १  뢠  BIOS 
          DOS.
          
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
             뢠  ।⠢ ᮡ  ,  ਮ
            믮  ணࠬ    ᯥ樠  ⥬
          ⢨.   室   뢠   ᫮   
          ᭮묨  稭:  ।७  ⠪ ⢨,
            樨  -뢮      ࠧ   ன⢠  
          ।  ணࠬ  訡  (ਬ, ९
           ).
             ⥬ BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)  室  ROM
            ࠢ  ᥬ  뢠ﬨ    ⥬.   ।
           㦥 ᯮ짮  뢠  뢮 
          ࠭ ᪮ 権 -뢮  .   ⮩ 
          ᠭ  ࠧ   BIOS-     DOS-뢠,  १
          ணࠬ   IN  OUT.
          
           
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
               IBM PC ROM 室    FFFF0H. 
          祭        ⠭  ﭨ
          ,   믮  ஫   ⭮,   ⠭  
          ॣ CS 祭 FFFFH,    ॣ IP -  . ࢠ
          믮塞  ⮬ 室     FFFF:0 
          FFFF0,      窮  室  BIOS.  BIOS ஢
          ࠧ     ।   樠樨
          祭 ன .  ⥬ BIOS ᮧ  砫 
          (   0)  ⠡ 뢠,   ᮤন 
          ࠡ稪 뢠,    믮  樨  INT 11H
          (  ᯨ᪠  ᮥ  㤮)    INT  12H
          ( ࠧ 䨧᪮ ).
             騬 蠣 BIOS  ।     ᪥ 
          ᪥ 樮 ⥬ DOS.  ᫨ 㦥 ⥬
          ᪥,   BIOS 믮 뢠 INT 19H  㯠 
          ࢮ ᥪ ᪠,  ᮤঠ饬  砫쭮 㧪.
             ।⠢  ᮡ ணࠬ,   뢠
          ⥬ 䠩 IBMBIO.COM, IBMDOS.COM  COMMAND.COM  ᪠
           . ᫥ ⮣   ᫥饥 ।:
             
                     ஢ 뢠
                     BIOS
                    IBMBIO.COM  IBMDOS.COM
                    ⭠  COMMAND.COM

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  23                            56


                    㯭   ਪ ணࠬ
                    ࠭⭠  COMMAND.COM
                     RAM ()
                    ROM BASIC
                    ROM BIOS
             
             譨 ன⢠ । ᨣ  १ ⠪
          INTR  .   ॠ    , ᫨
          䫠 뢠 IF ⠭  1  (뢠 ࠧ襭), 
          (  設⢥ 砥)    ,  ᫨  䫠 IF
          ⠭  0 (뢠 饭).
             ࠭   뢠, ਬ, INT 12H, ᮤন
          ⨯  뢠,    .  
          ⨯ ⥬ ᮤন    ⠡  ஢ 뢠,
          稭饩   0000.      ⠡  256
          塠⮢  ⮢,          1024
              .0   .3FF.   ⠡
          㪠뢠      ணࠬ   ࠡ⪨   㪠  ⨯
          뢠   ᮤন     ᥣ  ᬥ饭,
             뢠  ⠭  ॣ  CS  IP
          ᮮ⢥⢥. ᮪ ⮢ ⠡ ஢ 뢠
          ਢ  . 23.1.
             뢠   ⥪  ᮤন 䫠 ॣ,
          ॣ CS   ॣ  IP.  ਬ,    뢠 12H
          (஥  頥    ॣ  AX  ࠧ  ) 
           ⠡ ࠢ .0048  (.12    4 = .48).
            뤥  塠⮢     .
          0048       ॣ IP     ॣ
          SS.  ,    砥   ॣ஢   CS:IP,
          ।⠢ ᮡ  砫 ணࠬ   BIOS,
            砥  ࠢ.    ⮩ ணࠬ
          ⢫    IRET  (Interrupt  Return), 
          ⠭  䫠    ॣ  CS    IP    ⥪  
          । ࠢ    ,  ᫥   믮
           뢠.
          
           BIOS
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
               ࠧ ।⠢ ᭮ 뢠 BIOS.
             
             INT 05H ( ࠭).  ਢ  । ᮤন
          ࠭    饥  ன⢮.  INT 05H ਬ 
          ७  楫,  ..    ணࠬ,    Ctrl/PrtSc
          ⨢   .    ᪨
          뢠  ࠭  .
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
                    㭪 렭
               ()         ()
                0-3       0    
                4-7       1  蠣 ० (஢ DEBUG)

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  23                            57


                8-B       2  ᪨஢ 뢠 (NMI)
                C-F       3  窠 ⠭ (ᯮ  DEBUG)
               10-13      4  ९ ॣ
               14-17      5   ࠭
               18-1F    6,7  १ࢨ஢
               20-23      8    ࠩ
               24-27      9    
               28-37      A,B,C,D ᯮ   AT
               38-3B      E    ᪥⭮ ᪮
               3C-3F      F  ᯮ  ਭ
               40-43     10  ࠢ ᯫ (.. 8, 9, 10)
               44-47     11   㤮 (..9)
               48-4B     12   ࠧ  (..2)
               4C-4F     13  ᪮ 樨 -뢮 (..18)
               50-53     14  ࠢ 㭨樮 ஬
               54-57     15   樨  ᯥ. 㭪樨 AT
               58-5B     16     (..9)
               5C-5F     17  뢮  ਭ (..19)
               60-63     18  饭  BASIC, ஥  ROM
               64-67     19  १ ⥬
               68-6B     1A    ⠭ ६  
               6C-6F     1B  뢠  
               70-73     1C  뢠  ⠩
               74-77     1D   ⠡ ࠬ஢ ᯫ
               78-7B     1E   ⠡ ࠬ஢ ᪮
               7C-7F     1F   ⠡ ᪨ ᨬ
               80-83     20  ଠ쭮 襭 ணࠬ (DOS)
               84-87     21  饭  㭪 DOS
               88-8B     22   ࠡ⪨ 襭  (DOS)
               8C-8F     23   ॠ樨  Ctrl/Break (DOS)
               90-93     24   ॠ樨  ⠫ 訡 (DOS)
               94-97     25  ᮫⭮ ⥭  ᪠ (DOS)
               98-9B     26  ᮫⭠    (DOS)
               97-9F     27   १⭮ ணࠬ (DOS)
               AO-FF  28-3F  㣨 㭪樨 DOS
              100-1FF 40-7F  १ࢨ஢
              200-217 80-85  १ࢨ஢  BASIC
              218-3C3 86-F0  ᯮ BASIC-஬
              3C4-3FF F1-FF  १ࢨ஢
          
          ਬ砭: 뢠 00-1F ⭮  BIOS, 뢠
                      20-FF ⭮  DOS  BASIC.
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
                    .23.1.  ᮢ 뢠.
          
           BIOS
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
               ࠧ ਢ ᭮ 뢠 BIOS.
             



          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  23                            58


             INT 05H  ࠭. 믮 뢮 ᮤন ࠭
           饥  ன⢮.   INT 05H 믮 
              ணࠬ,   ⨥ 襩  Ctrl/PrtSc - 
          .     頥   뢠    ࠭
           .
             
             INT 10H ࠢ ᯫ.  ᯥ稢 ࠭  
           樨, ⥫쭮 ᠭ   9.
             
             INT 11H  ᯨ᪠ ᮥ  㤮. 
           稥 ࠧ ன  ⥬, १饥
          祭 頥  ॣ AX.   祭 
          ⥬ 믮     ࠭  ᮤন AX 
             .410. 祭 ⮢  ॣ AX:
             
                           ன⢮
               15,14     ᫮ 祭 ਭ஢
               13        ᫥⥫ ਭ
               12        ஢ 
               11-9      ᫮ ᫥⥫ ஢ 몠 RS232
               7,6       ᫮ ᪥ ᪮,   0=1:
                              00=1, 01=2, 10=3  11=4
               5,4       砫  ०:
                              00 = ᯮ
                              01 = 4025  梥
                              10 = 8025  梥
                              11 = 8025 ୮- ०
               1         祭 1   稨 ᮯ
               0         祭 1   稨   
                         ᪮ ன  㧪 樮
                         ⥬  ⢫  ᪠
             
             INT 12H   ࠧ 䨧᪮  .  頥 
          ॣ AX ࠧ     , ਬ, .200
          ᮮ⢥     512  .    
          ࠢ  ࠧ ணࠬ   ᮮ⢥⢨   㯭
          .
             
             INT 13H ᪮ 樨  -뢮. ᯥ稢 
          樨 -뢮  ᪥  ,  ᬮ७ 
           16.
             
             INT 14H ࠢ  㭨樮  ஬. ᯥ
           ᫥⥫ -뢮 १ 㭨樮 
          RS232.   DX  ᮤঠ  (0  1) 
          몠  RS232.   ⨯ 樨,  ।塞 ॣ஬
          AH,  믮 ਥ    ।  ᨬ     
          ॣ AX  ﭨ 㭨樮 .
             
             INT 15H    樨  -뢮   ᯥ樠
          㭪樨   ஢  AT.  ᯥ稢  樨 -
          뢮    ⭮  䮭,     ⠪  ७
          樨  ஢ AT.

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  23                            59


             
             INT 16H    .  ᯥ稢  ⨯ 
            , ஡ ᠭ   9.
             
             INT 17H 뢮  ਭ. ᯥ稢 뢮   
          饥 ன⢮. ஡ ᬮ७   19.
             
             INT  18H 饭  BASIC,  ஥   ROM. 뢠
          BASIC-, 室騩  ﭭ  ROM.
             
             INT 19H १ ⥬.    㯭
          ᪥ 뢠 ᥪ  1    ஦ 0    砫쭮
          㧪    (ᥣ  0,  ᬥ饭  7C00)   ।
          ࠢ   ⮬  .  ᫨ ᪮  㯥, 
           ।  ࠢ  १ INT  18H    ROM BASIC.
             頥 ࠭    樠 
           ROM BASIC, ⮬   ᯮ짮  ணࠬ.
             
             INT 1AH   ⠭ ⥪饣 ६  . 
              뢠     ᮢ     ᮮ⢥⢨  
          祭   ॣ AH.   । த⥫쭮
          믮   ணࠬ      ।   砫  믮
          ⠭   0,   ᫥   ⥪饥 ६. 
          ६    ਬ୮  18,2  ࠧ    ᥪ㭤.  祭 
          ॣ AH ᮮ⢥ ᫥騬 :
             AH=00   ६.  ॣ CX ⠭ 
            祭,     ॣ DX -  . ᫨ ᫥
          ᫥  諮 24 ,   ॣ AL 㤥 
          㫥 祭.
             AH=01  ⠭ ६. ६ ⠭  ॣ
          ࠬ CX  (   祭)   DX (  
          ).
              02  06 ࠢ ६  ⮩  AT.
             
             INT 1FH  ⠡ ᪨ ᨬ.  ᪮
          ०      ᨬ      128-255   1
          ⠡,  ᮤঠ饩  ᥬ    ᨬ. אַ
             ᪮ ० ᯥ稢 ⮫쪮   
          128 ASCII-ᨬ ( 0  127).
          
           DOS
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
               ६ ᢮ ࠡ  BIOS  ᯮ    DOS:
          IBMBIO.COM   IBMDOS.COM.     㫨  DOS ᯥ稢
          讥   ⢮  ࠧ  ⥫   ஢ப,  
            DOS 筮    ᯮ짮    設
          ᨬ, 祬  BIOS .
               IBMBIO.COM ᯥ稢 䥩   BIOS 
          ஢.    ணࠬ 믮  ࠢ -뢮
           ⥭   譨 ன      
            譨 ன⢠.


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  23                            60


              IBMDOS.COM ᮤন ।⢠  ࠢ 䠩 
            ࢨ 㭪権,  ⠪  ஢   
            ᥩ.     짮⥫᪠  ணࠬ  뤠
            INT  21H,      ணࠬ  IBMDOS  १  ॣ
          । ।  ଠ.  ⥬ ணࠬ IBMDOS
          ࠭᫨   ଠ        ᪮쪮 맮
          IBMBIO,     ᢮  ।  뢠  BIOS. 
          裡 ਢ  ᫥饩 奬:
          
           짮⥫᪨  訩      訩     ROM     譨
           ஢          ஢      ஢            ஢
           Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ
           ணࠬ멳    DOS        DOS     Ŀ Ŀ
            / IBMDOS.COMIBMBIO.COMBIOSன⢮
               
             
                 ,  뢠    .20   .62
          १ࢨ஢   権  DOS.   ਢ 
          ᭮  :
             
             INT 20H 襭 ணࠬ.  蠥 믮
          ணࠬ  । ࠢ  DOS.    筮
          室  ᭮ 楤.
             
             INT 21H  㭪権 DOS. ᭮  DOS, 뢠
           । 㭪  ᮮ⢥⢨     ॣ
          AH. 祭 㭪権 DOS ᠭ  ᫥饬 ࠧ.
             
             INT  22H  ணࠬ  ࠡ⪨ 襭 .
          (.INT 24H).
             
             INT 23H  ணࠬ ॠ樨  Ctrl/Break. (.INT
          24H).
             
             INT 24H  ணࠬ ॠ樨  ⠫ 訡. 
          ⮬     । ᮤঠ , 
          樠  ⥬   䨪 ணࠬ ᥣ
          ,     ᢮ 楫. ஡ ਢ
            孨᪮ ᠭ DOS.
             
             INT 25H ᮫⭮ ⥭  ᪠. ..17.
             
             INT 26H ᮫⭠   . ..17.
             
             INT 27H 襭 ணࠬ, ⠢饥  १⭮.
           ࠭ COM-ணࠬ  .  ஡ 
            ᬮ७    ᫥饬  ࠧ  "
          ணବ".
          
            DOS INT 21H
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  23                            61


              ਢ   㭪樨    뢠  DOS INT
          21H.  㭪樨 ⠭  ॣ AH:
             
             00   襭 ணࠬ (筮 INT 20H).
             01    ᨬ    宬  ࠭.
             02   뢮 ᨬ  ࠭.
             03    ᨬ  ᨭ. 㭨樮 .
             04   뢮 ᨬ  ᨭ. 㭨樮 .














































          
