      .........................................................6
       ॡ  ணࠬ  ⭮ ᯥ祭.............7
         㪮⢥............................................7
       㪮⢮ 짮⥫........................................7
       襭  祭......................................9
       1. ⠭ ࡮ ᥬ  ⥬...................12
         ਡ⨢ ᪥..................................12
       ⠭ ࡮ ᥬ.....................................14
        2. 砫 ࠡ  ࡮ ᥬ஬.....................16
        ࢠ ணࠬ  ࡮ ᥬ......................18
       ᥬ஢ 襩 ࢮ ணࠬ.........................19
        ணࠬ...........................................21
        襩 ࢮ ணࠬ..................................21
        ந室?................................................22
       䨪 襩 ࢮ ணࠬ  ࡮ ᥬ.........23
       뢮 ଠ樨  ன⢮ ..........................25
         ணࠬ  ࡮ ᥬ......................27
        ணࠬ REVERSE.ASM ..................................28
       3.    ப ࡮ ᥬ............30
          ࡮ ᥬ  DOS...............................30
       ࠬ  ப.....................................34
         ࠬ /A..................................................35
         ࠬ /B..................................................35
         ࠬ /C..................................................35
         ࠬ /D..................................................36
         ࠬ /E..................................................36
         ࠬ /H  /?...........................................37
         ࠬ /I..................................................38
         ࠬ /J..................................................39
         ࠬ /KH.................................................39
         ࠬ /KS.................................................40
         ࠬ /L..................................................40
         ࠬ /LA.................................................41
         ࠬ /M..................................................41
         ࠬ /ML.................................................42
         ࠬ /MU.................................................43
         ࠬ /MV#................................................43
         ࠬ /MX.................................................44
         ࠬ /N..................................................44
         ࠬ /P..................................................45
         ࠬ Q...................................................46
         ࠬ /R..................................................46
         ࠬ /S..................................................47
         ࠬ /T..................................................47
         ࠬ /V..................................................48
         ࠬ /W..................................................48
         ࠬ /X..................................................50
         ࠬ /Z..................................................50
         ࠬ /ZD.................................................50
         ࠬ /ZI.................................................51
       ᢥ  䠩......................................53
        䨣樨.............................................54
       4. த 몠 ᥬ...............................55
       ⥪ .........................................55
         ᥬ...............................................58
        8088  8086.........................................61
         8086....................................62
       .........................................................63
         뢮...................................................66
       .......................................................68
        䫠.................................................70
        饣 祭.....................................72
        AX.....................................................73
        BX.....................................................74
        CX.....................................................75
        DX.....................................................77
        SI.....................................................78
        DI.....................................................79
        BP.....................................................81
        SP.....................................................82
       ⥫ 権...........................................86
        ॣ............................................87
        CS.....................................................92
        DS.....................................................92
        ES.....................................................92
        SS.....................................................93
        権  8086...............................94
        IBM PC  XT.........................................99
       ன⢠   뢮.....................................100
       ⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ᥬ⢠ IBM PC........101
       樮 ⥬ DOS......................................103
       祭 ᨬ  ...............................105
       뢮 ᨬ  ࠭.......................................106
       뢮 ᨬ  ࠭.......................................108
        ⥬ -뢮..................................110
       롮 ० ࠭...........................................110
        室    ।⢠...........112
       㣨 ................................................112
       5. ᭮  ணࠬ  몥 ᥬ.......113
          ணࠬ  몥 ᥬ............113
       १ࢨ஢ ᫮.......................................116
       ଠ ப.................................................118
       ⪨.........................................................119
        権  ४⨢..............................123
       ४⨢ END.................................................124
       ࠭......................................................127
       ஢ ࠭..........................................128
       ࠭-⠭............................................129
       ࠦ.....................................................132
       ࠭-⪨................................................133
        樨  .....................................136
       ਨ...................................................147
       ४⨢ । ᥣ⮢...............................151
       饭 ४⨢ । ᥣ⮢....................151
       ४⨢ .STACK, .CODE  .DATA...............................152
       ४⨢ DOSSEG..............................................157
       ४⨢ .MODEL..............................................158
       㣨 饭 ४⨢ । ᥣ⮢.............161
       ⠭ ४⨢ । ᥣ⮢...................162
       ४⨢ SEGMENT.............................................164
       ४⨢ ENDS................................................164
       ४⨢ ASSUME..............................................164
       ⠭  饭 ४⨢ । ᥣ⮢?...169
       뤥 ..............................................169
       ,   ᭮.......................................171
       ।⠢ ᫮ 祭...............................175
       롮 ᭮  㬮砭..................................181
       樠஢ .....................................183
       樠 ᨢ........................................185
       樠 ப ᨬ..................................187
       樠 ࠦ  ⮪...............................189
       樠஢ ...................................191
        祩 .....................................193
       ६饭 ............................................197
       롮 ࠧ ..........................................199
            ..................................202
       ८ࠧ ࠧ஢ ................................204
         ᥣ ॣࠬ.................................207
       ६饭   ⥪   ⥪..........................209
        묨.................................................210
       -뢮....................................................211
       樨......................................................213
       䬥᪨ 樨.......................................213
         ⠭..........................................214
       32-ࠧ來 ࠭.........................................215
       祭  㬥襭.......................................218
         ...........................................220
        ...............................................224
       ᪨ 樨...........................................225
         横᪨ ᤢ...................................228
         室..............................................233
       ᫮ 室..........................................233
       ᫮ 室.............................................238
       .........................................................242
       ணࠬ..................................................247
       믮 ணࠬ........................................248
       । ࠬ஢...........................................253
       頥 祭.........................................254
       ࠭ ॣ஢..........................................254
       ਬ ணࠬ  몥 ᥬ..........................256
       6.  ஡  ணࠬ஢  ࡮ ᥬ
       ᯮ짮 ४⨢ ᢠ
       ४⨢ EQU
       ।। 䨪 $
       ४⨢ =
       ப 樨
       ப 樨 ६饭 
        LODS
        STOS
        MOVS
       ७ ப 樨
       室 㪠⥫  ࠭ ப
           ப 樨
        SCAS
        CMPS
       ᯮ짮  ப  ࠭
       ணࠬ, 騥  ᪮쪨 㫥
       ४⨢ PUBLIC
       ४⨢ EXTRN
       ४⨢ GLOBAL
       砥 䠩
        ⨭
       ਬ 䠩 ⨭
        䨪஢ ⨭
        ⮪
        ᥣ⮢  㯯
        ४ 뫮
       ࠢ ᮤন  ଠ⮬ ⨭
       ४⨢ ࠢ ᮤন ⨭
       ४⨢ %LIST  %NOLIST
       ४⨢ %COND  %NOCOND
       ४⨢ %INCL  %NOINCL
       ४⨢ %MACS  %NOMACS
       ४⨢ %CTLS  %NOCTLS
       ४⨢ ࠢ ଠ⮬ ⨭
       ४⨢  ࠧ 
       ४⨢ %PUSHLCTL  %POPLCTL
       㣨 ४⨢ ࠢ ⨭
       뢮 ᮮ饭  ६ ᥬ஢
       ᫮ ᥬ஢ 室 
       ४⨢ ᫮ ᥬ஢
       ४⨢ IF  IFE
       ४⨢ IFDEF  IFNDEF
       㣨 ४⨢ ᫮ ᥬ஢
       ⢮ ४⨢ ELSEIF
       ᫮ ४⨢ 뢮 ᮮ饭  訡
       ४⨢ .ERR, .ERR1  .ERR2
       ४⨢ .ERRE  .ERRNZ
       ४⨢ .ERRDEF  .ERRNDEF
       㣨 ᫮ ४⨢ 樨 ᮮ饭  訡
        訡  ணࠬ஢  ᥬ
       ணࠬ 뢠    DOS
       ணࠬ 뢠  樨 RET
        ୮ ⨯ 
       ࠢ 冷 ࠭
       ணࠬ 뢠  ⥪  १ࢨ 쪨 ⥪
       맮 ணࠬ,   ᮤন 㦭 ॣ஢
       訡  ᯮ짮 ᫮ 室
       訡  ப 
       ୮  ࠡ 䨪 REP
       㫥 ᮤন ॣ CX  ࠡ  楫 ᥣ⮬
       ᯮ짮 ४⭮  䫠 ࠢ
       ࠢ쭮 ᯮ짮 塞 ࠢ ப
       ணࠬ 뢠  ᯮ짮 ᥣ⮢  㬮砭
       訡  ᯮ짮 ⮢ 権  権  ᫮
       ᯮ짮 ᪮쪨 䨪ᮢ
       訡  ᯮ짮 ࠭ ப 権
       ணࠬ 뢠    䥪
        ᮤন ॣ  㬭
        ப   ᪮쪮 ॣ஢
        ⤥묨 ﬨ 䫠 ७
       ணࠬ   ᯮ ﭨ 䫠
        ⠩ ࠭    ।⢥ ࠭
       ࠭ ᥣ⮢
        ࠭ ﭨ  ࠡ稪 뢠
        뢠  । 㯯  ࠭  ⠡ 
       7. 䥩 ࡮ ᥬ  ࡮ 
       ᯮ짮  ࡮  ஥ ᥬ
        ࠡ⠥ ஥ ᥬ
       㤠 ࡮    ᯮ짮 ० ᥬ?
       맮  ᥬ஢ ஥  ࡮ ᥬ
        ࡮  ࠭᫨ ஥  ᥬ
       ࠬ -1  樨 権 ஢ 80186/80286
       ଠ ஥ ஢  몥 ᥬ
       ᯮ짮  ஥ ᥬ 窨  ⮩
       ਨ  ஥ ᥬ
       饭  ⠬ /ꥤ
       ਬ ᯮ짮 ஥ ᥬ
       ࠭祭 ஥ ᥬ
       ࠭祭 樨  ࠭  
       ஥ ᥬ  ࠧ ᪨  ६
       室 ࠭ ॣ஢
       ࠭  맮 㭪権 ॣ஢ ६
        ७ ॣ஢ ६
       ⪨ ᯮ짮 ஥ ᥬ
       襭 ⥩ ७ᨬ  㦨
         
        ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  
         ⨬樨
       ࠭祭  㦥 訡
       ࠭祭  ⫠
       ࠡ⪠    ᫥饥 ᯮ짮 ᥬ
       맮 㭪権 ࡮ ᥬ  ࡮ 
       ᭮   䥩 ࡮ ᥬ  ࡮ 
          ᥣ
       饭 ४⨢ । ᥣ⮢  ࡮ 
        ४⨢ । ᥣ⮢  ࡮ 
       祭  㬮砭:  室 㦠 ᥣ?
       饤㯭  譨 䨪
       ન
         ய ᨬ
        ⮪
        ப 騪
       ⢨  ࡮ ᥬ஬  ࡮ 
       । ࠬ஢
       ࠭ ॣ஢
        祭
       맮 㭪権 ࡮ ᥬ  ࡮ 
       襭  맮, ᯮ騥  ᪠
       맮 ࡮   ࡮ ᥬ
          樠樨 
         ⮬,   ࠢ쭮  ᥣ
       믮 맮
       맮  ࡮ ᥬ 㭪樨 ࡮ 
       8. 䥩 ࡮ ᥬ  ࡮ ᪠
       奬  ࡮ ᪠
       䨪 ணࠬ ᥣ
        
         
       ⥪
       ᪨ ।塞  
       ᯮ짮 ॣ஢  ࡮ ᪠
         쭨?
       ४⨢  $L  譨 ணࠬ
       ४⨢ PUBLIC
       ४⨢ EXTRN
       ࠭祭  ᯮ짮 ꥪ⮢ ⨯ EXTRN
       ᯮ짮 ४஢ ᥣ⮢
       ࠭ ᯮ㥬 
       襭 ࡮ ᪠  । ࠬ஢
       ࠬ-祭
        ⨯
       ⢥ 祭
        ᮯ 8087
       ⥫
       ப
         ᨢ
       ⢠
       ࠬ-६
       ᯥ祭 ⥪
         ࠬࠬ
       ᯮ짮  樨  ⥪ ॣ BP
       ४⨢ ARG
       ࡮ ᪠  ४⨢ .MODEL
       ᯮ짮 㣮   ᭮ ॣ
        㭪樨  ࡮ ᪠
       뤥 ࠭⢠   
       뤥 饤㯭 ᪮ 
       뤥 ६ 
       ਬ ணࠬ  ᥬ  ࡮ ᪠
       ணࠬ ⭠筮 ८ࠧ 饣 祭
       ਬ  ᮤন  ६
       ਬ  樮 । DOS
         9. ⮥ ணࠬ஢  ࡮ ᥬ..........6
          䨪 ८। ᥣ⮢............................6
          ୠ⨢ ଠ.........................................10
           䨪 ८। ᥣ⮢  ࠡ.........10
            ᪮쪨 ᥣ⠬................................12
           ⪨..............................................13
          ⮬᪮ 祭 ࠧ 室...................18
          뫪 ।    ................................23
          ᯮ짮  ७  ப................28
           ७.............................................28
           ७  ࠬ-६......................31
          ப.................................................32
           ப.......................................39
          ப  ᫮.......................................40
          襭 ७   ४⨢ EXITM.........42
          । ⮪   ப......................43
            ....................................45
          ४⨢ STRUC..............................................46
          o⪨  २⢠ ᯮ짮 ४⨢ STRUC......51
             ..............................52
           ..........................................53
          樠 .......................................54
          ४⨢ RECORD.............................................56
            .............................................58
           WITH................................................61
           MASK................................................62
           祣 ᯮ ?................................64
          ४⨢ UNION..............................................67
          ४⨢ । ᥣ⮢..............................71
          ४⨢ SEGMENT............................................72
           ""  "ࠢ"..................................72
           "஢"........................................73
          祭  "ᯮ짮"  ""...................75
          , ⨯,   ஢  ᥣ..............75
          冷 ᥣ⮢............................................78
          ४⨢ GROUP..............................................80
          ४⨢ ASSUME.............................................83
          饭 ४⨢ । ᥣ⮢...................87
          ਬ ணࠬ, 饩  ᪮쪨 ᥣ⮢..........93
         10.  80386  㣨 ..................98
          롮  ணࠬ  ᥬ ⨯ ..............98
           80186  80188.....................................99
          襭 ᥬ஢   80186.............101
           樨............................................101
          樨 PUSHA  POPA.....................................101
          樨 ENTER  LEAVE....................................103
           BOUND............................................105
          樨 INS  OUTS.......................................107
          ७ ᨨ 権  8086...............109
          ᥭ  ⥪ ஬ 祭.....................109
            横᪨ ᤢ c ।⢥묨 祭ﬨ..110
            ।⢥ 祭......................110
           80286.............................................113
          ᥬ஢  ᯮ짮 権  286..115
           80386.............................................116
          롮 ० ᥬ஢   80386...........116
           ⨯ ᥣ⮢........................................118
          饭 ᥣ ४⨢  ⨯ ᥣ⮢  80386..123
          48-⮢ ⨯  FWORD.................................123
           ॣ..............................................127
          32-ࠧ來 騥 ॣ.................................130
          32-ࠧ來 ॣ 䫠.................................132
          32-ࠧ來 㪠⥫ 権...........................132
           ᥣ ॣ...................................134
           ० 樨......................................135
           樨............................................142
          ஢ઠ ................................................142
          ᬮ ⮢..............................................144
          ६饭   ७    ..........146
          ८ࠧ  ⨯ DWORD  QWORD..................148
           ᪮쪨 ᫮.......................................149
          ᫮ ⠭ ......................................151
          㧪 ॣ஢ SS, FS  GS..............................153
          ७ 樨......................................155
          樠 ᨨ 樨 MOV...........................155
          32-ࠧ來 ᨨ 権  8086..............157
           ᨨ 権 LOOP  JCXZ.........................157
           ᨨ ப 権...........................160
           IRETD............................................162
          樨 PUSHFD  POPFD...................................162
          樨 PUSHAD  POPAD...................................162
           ᨨ 樨 IMUL................................163
          । 16  32-ࠧ來 権  ᥣ⮢........164
          ਬ 㭪樨   80386.........................167
           80287...........................................173
           80387...........................................173
         11. 襭 ० ࡮ ᥬ...................175
           ⠪ 襭 ०?.................................175
           祣 ᯮ 襭 ०?.....................176
          ४祭  襭 ०  室  .............177
          ⫨ 襭 ०  ० MASM....................179
          ᥬ 襭 ०..................................179
          ᥬ-䨪......................................179
          㡫஢  ⮢.................................180
          ᥬ, ।⠢騥 ᮡ ᫠  饩 窮......182
          ⮢  ᫮ ᢠ (४⨢ EQU  =).......182
          ࠦ  ࠭........................................183
            ᪮ []...............................183
          ਬ ࠭...........................................184
          樨....................................................186
          窨   .................................186
          ⥫  ......................................188
           SYMTYPE............................................189
          樨 HIGH  LOW.........................................189
          易⥫쭠  PTR.................................190
           SIZE...............................................190
          ४⨢...................................................192
          ࠢ ⨭........................................192
          ४⨢, 稭騥  窨.............................193
           冷  ४⨢  䨪...........194
          祭  "" ப, 騥 㬥⠬ ४⨢....196
            㯯...........................................196
              ᥣ, ਭ饬 㯯............196
          ।     쭨 ⮪..................199
          譨, 饤㯭   䨪..........200
          㣨 ⫨..............................................202
           ४஢....................................202
          ࠭ 樨 BOUND....................................202
          ਨ  ப.................................203
           䨪....................................204
          ࠢ ணࠬ஢  MASM   襭............204
          ਬ ணࠬ  ० MASM..............................204
          ਬ ணࠬ  襭 ०........................206
           ० MASM  襭 ०.....................208
          ..................................................211
        ਫ A. 䥩 ࡮ ᥬ  ࡮ ᨪ......212
          । ࠬ஢.........................................213
          ६, 室騥  ⥪饣 ᥣ ........216
            CALL..........................................216
          祭  ⥪.........................................217
           ணࠬ  ᥬ  ࡮ ᨪ..........219
          맮 ஥ 楤 ᥬ.......................219
          饭 ணࠬ ࡮ ᨪ  ..............223
          "" ப............................................224
           CALL ABSOLUTE......................................226
          饭 CALL ABSOLUTE  䨪஢ ᠬ ......228
          饭 CALL ABSOLUTE  㣨 ᠬ .............229
          㣨 ஡,騥  ᯮ짮 CALL ABSOLUTE.231
          CALL INTERRUPT..............................................231
          ਬ ணࠬ............................................234
        ਫ B. 䥩 ࡮ ᥬ  ࡮ ஫.....237
           譨 ।⮢...............................237
          襭  맮  ࠬ............................237
          襭  ........................................239
          ࠡ⪠ ।⮢  ᥬ.........................240
           । double.................................243
           ।⮢  ᪮쪨 ⮪ -뢮...247
          맮 ।⮢ ࡮ ஫  㭪権 ᥬ........249
          ᪨  㭪...........................................252
        ਫ C. ⢥  騥 .........................256
