饭 ० (protected mode).  80286, 80386 
80486  ࠡ   ०- 饭  ॠ쭮. 
饭 ०     ᮢ-
,   ; 1.

 ० (real mode}. ⢥  ० ࠡ
 '஢ 8088  8086  ० ࠡ  㬮砭  
஢ Intel.  ⮬ ०   ᮢ 
1।1.

  ᮢ  (upper memory).  
 640  1 뢠  襩 .  ⮩
 ᯮ  BIOS  ஫ ⥫  ⪮
᪥,  ⠪    ⥢ . 
⮬,   ⮩    ⪨ -  襩
;     ७ࠢ -
  , 㫨  .

 ணࠬ 䥩 㠫쭮 ஫ (VCPI -
Virtual Control Program Interface).  Quarterdeck Office Systems
 Phar Lap Software ࠧࠡ⠫ ⠭ VCPI  ।⠢
ਪ ணࠬ DOS  ⢫ ࠧ
७   ᮡ  䫨⮢,

 䠩  ࠡ祩 ⠭樨

  NetWare  ८ࠧ   ࠡ ⠭ 室
ᯮ짮   ᪮쪮 ࠩ஢ ன (䠩  -
 SYS, 㦠   䠩 CONFIG.SYS), 猪,
 ⠪  १ ணࠬ IPX.  NETX.COM (
EMSNETX.COM  XMSNETX.COM).   NetWare  ,  㦭 
࣠樨 㯠  .  䨣樨 IPX  NETX  ६
楤 ᮥ    ⠪ ᯮ짮 䠩
NET.CFG  SHELL.CFG.    䠩    100
 襬 쭮 ⪮ ᪥.

設⢮ ࠭    ⪮ ᪥ ࠡ祩
⠭樨 ꥬ  ।  200  2,  ࠧ饭 䠩 ⥢
 LAN Server  LAN Manager ॡ  .

᪮ ࠡ稥 ⠭樨

।⠢ ᥡ , 騩 ⮫쪮 , ⥢ -
  ,  ᪮. ⮨ ⮫쪮   -   ᠬ-
⥫쭮 ᮥ  .  ⮣ ⨯  祭 
⮨.     祭 ਢ⥫  窨
७  ,  ⠪ ?  㤥   㦤,  
⠪.  ᪮ ࠡ ⠭  ࠥ  䠩

稥 ⠭樨 179