     ࠢ UNIX,  ᬮ
ᯨ᮪ ᮡ⢥ , 易  ⨬ ஬.  ⮣
㦭   cat, ⮡ ᬮ ᮤন 䠫 hosts 
४ਨ /etc:

cat /ate/hosts

 १ 㤥  ᯨ᮪ ᮡ⢥    ᮢ
Internet.

᫨  襩 , ᯮ饩   ⮪ TCP/IP, 
室 室   㣨 ࣠権 १  TCP/IP,
뢠  楫 Internet,   ⮬ 砥  ᢮ 訬
ࠡ稬 ⠭  Internet ᠬ⥫쭮.

 ࣠樨 (  -  DDN Network Information
Center,  SRI International),  ᢠ  ⥩ 
 Internet  ࠭  㭨쭮,    ࠢ-
 ᮮ饭  ࠧ묨 ࣠ﬨ. , ਬ, ଠ
IBM  ᪮쪮 ᮢ Internet.  ⮬ ᮮ⢥ 
  ibm.com  室   (domain directory)   corn,
  ᪨ 짮⥫.  edu  gov 
ᮮ⢥⢥ 짮⥫  ० ⥬ ࠧ  -
⥫⢥ 㦡.  IBM ࠧ ⤥  ࠧ
 ⥩, ਬ, austin.ibm.com  raleigh.ibm.com

⮪

⮪ TCP/IP 孨᪨ ⮨   ⮪ (TCP  IP).
   ᯮ TCP/IP  饥   
⮪  ⨫.

TCP/IP  । 䨧 ।  ⮪,   -
  ࠡ⠥.   䨧᪨ ⮪  TCP/IP
 Ethernet   १ ᫥⥫  (), 
 ᯮ짮  䨧 ।   ன⢠ ਣ-
   묨  ࠬ.  ⮬   -
짮 ⥢   ᮥ  ⥩ 
ࠧ묨 䨧᪨ ।.  ࠧ, TCP/IP  
ਬ   묨     , ⠪
   .

⮪ Internet (IP)  , ᠬ  ஢ 
娨 TCP/IP. ⮪ ஫ । (Transmission Control Pro-
tocol)  ⮪ 짮⥫᪨ ⠣ࠬ (UDP - User Datagram
Protocol) -  ⮪ ᫥饣 ஢, ᯮ騥 IP. 㣨
஬ ⮪, ᯮ騬 IP,  ⮪ -
஫ ᮮ饭 Internet (ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol).
  ந  ࠢ騬 묨  ᮮ饭ﬨ
 訡  設  IP. ਪ ஢ ᯮ 
TCP/IP  ⮨  ⨫  ਪ ணࠬ.

    UNIX 275