      
                                                                 
                           UNIX                       
                                                                 
      

      
                                                                 
                         "MAN"               
                                                                 
      


     ᫨    p  - pp,     -
 (䫠),  ᯮ  'man'. ⠪  쭮  p-
⮩:  ⢥ p㬥 㪠  pp,   p    
 . pp,     'ls':

                              Ŀ
                               $ man ls 
                              

      p 㤥 뤠 1- p p筮 p㪮⢠    -
 'ls'.   'p' -  ᫥  p.  ⨥
 'Enter'  'j' p  ᤢ ⥪   p p.  -
  'k'  ⥪ ᤢ    , ..  砫.

      p   p    'q'  (quit).  -
p p    ᠬ  'man':

                             Ŀ
                              $ man man 
                             

     p p筮 p㪮⢠  ᭮  UNIX pᯮ-
  ⠫ /usr/share/man.

     ᫨   㧭   p⭮ ⠫ pᯮ -
     , 㪠  '-w', pp, 㧭  p-
 ᠭ   'man':

               Ŀ
                $ man -w man                            
               Ĵ
                man: found in /usr/share/man/man1/man.1 
               


     ᫨  p 뫨 ᨭ⠪ - ,    
  箬 '-h'. pp, 뢥 ᨭ⠪  'ls':

                             Ŀ
                              $ ls -h 
                             

      砥 ᫨ p筮 p㪮⢮     
 㤥 뤠 ᮮ⢥饥 ᮮ饭:

                       Ŀ
                        $ man dv                
                       Ĵ
                        No manual entry for dv  
                       

     室 ⮪  'man'  pp  䠩.  pp,
p    'rm'  䠩 'rm.man':

                         Ŀ
                          $ man rm > rm.man 
                         

       㦥 ୮ ᯥ   ᫮  ࠢ筮 -
⢥ 뤥 ન 梥⮬. ᫨   p      䠩  
p ᫥ pp "-8 -> ASCII" p  䠩  
DOS-pp,  㢨,  뤥 ᫮ 룫 pp  ⠪,
pp, ᫮ NAME ( pp  ⮡p):

                           Ŀ
                            NNAAMMEE 
                           

     ⮡ ॢ ⥪    ଠ  믮  ᫥
:

                   Ŀ
                    $ man df | col -b > df.man 
                   

      
                                                                 
                             "ECHO"                       
                                                                 
      


         ,  p   DOS--
⥬.   "echo" ().

       p:

                     Ŀ
                      echo [-n] [arg ...]   
                                            
                      /bin/echo [ arg ] ... 
                     

      "echo" 뢮  ன⢮ ⠭⭮  뢮  
 㬥, ࠧ  ஡    ᨬ   ப
(\n).

       㤮  ନ஢ ᪨ ᮮ饭  -
 䠩   ।    ணࠬ .

       ᫥饩   쭮 p ᮧ 䠩:

                          Ŀ
                           echo > _䠩 
                          

      ࠬ:

     -n      뢮 pa騩 ᨬ ॢ ப.

     ppp  "shell"  ஥ ⨫ "echo", -
  ᨭ⠪᪨ ࠧ        "echo".  
,  짮⥫, ࠡ騬  "shell", 㤥 㯭  ஥-
  "echo", ᫨   㪠 "/bin/echo".


:

     (   ᨬ "$" 㤥   ⠭p⭮  p襭
⥬   ).


     1. 뢮 ᮮ饭 "Error reading sector"  p:

                       Ŀ
                        $ echo "Error reading sector" 
                       Ĵ
                        Error reading sector          
                        $                             
                       

     2. 뢮 ᮮ饭  p饣 ᨬ  p:

                      Ŀ
                       $ echo -n "Error reading sector" 
                      Ĵ
                       Error reading sector$            
                      


     3. 뢮 ᮮ饭  䠩 "file1":

                    Ŀ
                     $ echo "Error reading sector" > file1 
                    


     3.  ᮮ饭  ᮤp 䠩 "file1":

                    Ŀ
                     $ echo "Error reading sector" >> file1 
                    

     4. 뢮  䠩 ⥪饣 ⠫  䠢⭮ p浪:

                               Ŀ
                                $ echo * 
                               

     5. 뢮 ᯨ᪠ 䠩  , ᮮ⢥ 蠡.
        뢥  䠩  pp .ini:

                             Ŀ
                              $ echo *.ini 
                             

      
                                                                 
                             "DATE"                       
                                                                 
      


       ᠬ ,    쭮 ᭠ . 
    㧭 ⥪   ६,  ⠪ ⠭ 
 祭.

      p:

   Ŀ
     date [-d dst] [-r seconds] [-t minutes_west] [-nu] [+format]  
                     [[yy[mm[dd[hh]]]]mm[.ss]]                     
   

         :

                             Ŀ
                               $ date  
                             

      ࠭ 㤥 뤠 ਬ୮ ⠪ ᮮ饭:

        Ŀ
            Tue Jan 31 15:57:12 1995                      
             ^   ^   ^  ^  ^  ^  ^                        
            ^   ^   ^  ^  ^  ^  ^--------- ⥪騩     
            ^   ^   ^  ^  ^  ^------------ ᥪ㭤        
            ^   ^   ^  ^  ^---------------          
            ^   ^   ^  ^------------------            
            ^   ^   ^--------------------- ᫮          
            ^   ^-------------------------           
            ^-----------------------------      
        

       ⮩  ⠪  ⠭       ६.
 ⮣ 室 㪠   ⢥ ࠬ.

                   Ŀ
                     $ date yymmddHHMM.SS  
                   

, yy -  ᫥       (95  1995 )
     mm -                   ( 1  12)
     dd - ᫮                        ( 1  31)
     HH -                          ( 0  23)
     MM -                        ( 0  59)
     SS - ᥪ㭤 (  )  ( 0  59)

    Ŀ   ⠭   (24 ﭢ 1995 )
       $ date 9501241455       ६  (14 ᮢ 55 )
    

      ᫮ ᪠, ⮫쪮 superuser  (root)    ⠭  .
p㣨 짮⥫ ᤥ ⮣  .  砥     
᮫ ⥬ 㤥 뤠 ᮮ⢥饥 ᮮ饭:


???


         ⥪饥 ६:

             Ŀ
               $ date 1532    ⠭ ६ (15 ᮢ 32 )
             

     ᫨   㤮⢮ ଠ 뢮   ६,    
⠭ ᮡ⢥, ᯮ  "+format".

      㬮砭  뢮  ᫥饬 p:

           Ŀ
             + " %a %b %e %H: %M: %S %Z %Y%n " 
           

     ਬ, ᫥  ᫥饩 :

      Ŀ
        $ date "+Current date: %d %B %Y%nCurrent time: %X%n"  
      

 ࠭  ⠪ ᮮ饭:

               Ŀ
                 Current date: 02 February 1995  
                 Current time: 14:51:33          
               

       pp:

             Ŀ
               $ date +"DATE: %m/%d/%y%nTIME: %H:%M:%S%n"  
             
                           Ŀ
                             DATE: 11/21/87  
                             TIME: 13:36:16  
                           

     ஬ ⮣  ᯮ짮 ᫥騥 ࠬ   ।
ଠ 뢮 ⥪饩   ६:

%a -   ( 㪢)
%A -   ()
%b - 㪢 祭  (3 㪢)
%B - 㪢 祭  ()
%c -   ६  ଠ   mm/dd/yy   hh:mm:ss
%C -     (yy)
%e - ᫮ (dd)
%d - ᫮ (dd)
%D -   ଠ  mm/dd/yy
%h - 㪢 祭  (3 㪢, 筮 %b)
%H -  (hh)
%I -   12-ᮢ ᫥ (1-12)
%j - 浪    (0-366)
%k -  (hh)
%l -   12 ᮢ ᫥ (1-12)
%m -  (mm)
%M - 
%n - ॢ ப
%p - ६ ⮪ ( 00  12.00 - AM, c 12.00   24.00 - PM)
%r - ६  12-ᮢ ଠ (hh:mm:ss PM/AM)
%R - ६  ଠ hh:mm
%S - ᥪ㭤 (ss)
%t - ⠡
%T - ६ (hh:mm:ss)
%u -   (1 )
%U - ⥪   (00-53)
%v -  (dd-month-yyyy)  - 3 㪢
%w -   (1  - 0 - ᥭ
                            6 - 㡡)
%x -   mm/dd/yy
%X - ६  hh:mm:ss
%y -  (YY)
%Y -  (YYYY)
%Z - ᮢ 
