          PERL

          11  稫,   ᮧ ਯ CGI,    -
 모 ணࠬ஢ C  C++.      ப
ਬ塞 몮  ᠭ ਯ⮢  Perl.  -
 饭  Perl   ᯮ짮.  ᫥ ⮣    
 ணࠬ஢,  ᯮ Perl,   ᬮ ᯮ짮-
   ᠭ ਯ⮢,      ࠧ-
ࠧ  ணࠬ஢  Internet   Web.    ᮡ
㯮 㤥 ᤥ   ᮡ,   ᯮ  
ᠭ CGI-ਯ⮢.  ᫨    ணࠬ஢ ࠭
 몥 Perl,  ᯮ    ࠢ     
᢮.  楯樨,   묨    ⮩  ,
,   ᨮ ਯ  몥 Perl.  -
 ᬠਢ  ⮫쪮 ᭮ ணࠬ஢  Perl,  
⠪  ᪮쪮 㣨 ᯥ⮢.      砭  ⥭
  㤥  ﭨ ᢮ ᫥騥 祢  楯樨
?  Perl  㥬 몮 ணࠬ஢,   ᯥ-
樠쭮 ਥ஢  ࠡ ⥪. ?  ணࠬ -
 뢠 ணࠬ  몥 Perl ਯ⠬. ?  ᯮ Perl,
ணࠬ ᮧ CGI- ?  Perl  ন  樨  
䠩    .      ᯮᮡ
 ࠭  祭 ଠ樨  ᮮ⢥⢨   ॡ-
ﬨ 짮⥫ Web. ?  Perl ᭠ ⫠筮 ணࠬ,
  ன    Perl.

     PERL   
     Perl (Practical Extraction and Report  Language  )  
७ᨬ,  㥬 몮,  쭮  ᯮᮡ
 ᫥ ਫ  ࠡ⪥ ⥪. Perl ন-
 ஢ ணࠬ 樨,      設-
⢮ 몮 ணࠬ஢ ᮪ ஢,  । -
⢮ ஥ ⥩,         樨
। UNIX.  Perl  ᯫ  ணࠬ  ᯥ祭.
   ⭮,    <Web-ணࠬ஢> 㦨
 ᯫ⭮ ࠭).  ᪨,    Perl  ᨨ  5
,  CD-ROM, ਫ  ⮩ .  ,  ,
饭   । 楯 Perl ᨨ 4,  -
 ᮢ⨬  ᨥ 5  ப ᯮ  Web.

      PERL
     殬 몠 Perl    (Larry Wall).   ࠧ-
⠭  1986   ᮧ ⮢  ᮤঠ  ᫥-
 ⥪⮢ 䠩  । UNIX.  ᪮ 騥  ।-
⢠  室  襭 ⠪ ,    (Wall)  ५
 ।⢮   襭.   Perl oa砥 ࠪ-
      祭    ⠢  ⮢    (Practical
Extraction  Report Language).   த  ࠧ
  Perl  ᤥ  㯭  饣 짮.
୮ Perl ⠥   ,    ⠫  '  
।⢮  ணࠬ ⮢.   ணࠬ஢  
Perl     ⠢ १.

     PERL -   
     Perl  㥬 몮.   砥,    
ணࠬ,  ᠭ  Perl,  筮 ᯮ ⥬  맮
 Perl  ।"  ᯨ᪠ ,    -
⮨ ணࠬ.  ᪮  ⠥  ᯮ 
Perl  ⠪ ࠧ,  ࠧࠡ稪  뢠 ணࠬ
 Perl ਯ⠬. ᫨  諨   UNIX-⥬, , -
,    ⨯; ਯ⮢, ⠪  ਯ shell,
ਯ sed  .  .   ⠪ 砥 ,  ⭮ ,   ﭨ
業   魮 몠,   ᭮    ਯ.
᫨  諨   DOS  Windows,      (.BAT)-䠩
 ணࠬ  몥 BASIC 室   直 ࠧ,   
㬠  㥬 ਯ.  ᫨  ।⠢ ᥡ
䠩 ਯ⮢   䠩 MS-DOS,  , ,
᪥᪨ ⭮  ᯮ짮 ਯ⮢,    ᪫祭
ᠬ ⥩ .  ᫨  ਤন ।-
⮣ 鸞  ,    ᪮஬ ६  ᬮ  業  
 Perl. .

      PERL    /++
      Perl 祭   몠 ணࠬ-
      룫廊 ⠪ ,  ணࠬ .  
  ।⠢  1 Perl,   ࠢ騥 ,  -
  if  for,    몥 Perl  ᪮쪮 
.   ⠥  Perl, ⠪  㪠⥫,    -
,  ।塞 짮⥫.   몠   ணࠬ஢-
 ᯮਬ,   ᫥ 㬠,  -ணࠬ ᥣ -
,  祬 ⭠ ணࠬ  몥 Perl.      类
।⢠,   Perl     ᢮  ਬ,    
  ᥣ ᯮᮡ.     몠,  -
 ।⠢,   ।⥫쭥 ᯮ짮   
.

        PERL
     Perl ।⠢ ࠧࠡ稪 ப ᯥ  ⥩
 ᮧ ⪨  䥪⨢ ணࠬ.  ਢ -
  ⥫  Perl.      -
  ᯮ짮   : ? 樠⨢ ᨢ,
  ணࠬ  ᯮ짮  楫  -
祩 ?  ⮬᪮ ८ࠧ ⨯  楫묨  ᫠,
᫠  饩 窮  ப ? ⮬᪮ ८ࠧ-
 ࠧ ᨢ ? 㭪樨  ८ࠧ  -
 ? ப প ⠪ 뢠 ॣ ࠦ,  -
 ணࠬ ᯮ  ᪠,    㣨 権,
易  ࠧ஬ ⥪ ? 㭪樨 뢮/ 䠩 ?  -
樨 ଠ஢ 뢮,  㭪樨 ,   
  ᯮᮡ 樨 ⮢  ᭮ 蠡 (template)
?   .஢ ,     ⠪  権  
ࠢ ப ? 㭪樨  ࠡ⪨ ᯨ᪮,   -
 ⥪,  ।  㣨  ᯨ ⨯ ?  㭪樨
⥬ ࢨ ?   ஢   ࠢ-
,  ணࠬ

      PERL
     ⮡ ࠧ,  ᯮ짮 Perl, 室 ஠-
஢  ᠭ  .   ⮩    -
  몮 Perl ⮨  祭 ⪨ ਬ஢.   -
騩 ࠧ ᭮  ⪨ ਬ  ⮣,  ⮡ -
    .  ᫥ ⮣       ᭮  孨
ணࠬ஢  몥 Perl,   ᬮ       CGI-
ਯ.

      PERL   
     ।⢠ UNIX-⥬  ⥫쭮  ᭮  楯-
樨  ⮬,   ணࠬ 㦨 䨫஬ ,  ⮪  
㯠  室,  䨫஢  -  室.  -
ࠧ, ணࠬ-䨫 뢠 ⥫ .  MS DOS
⠪ ন 楯 䨫 .  ⨫ grep  -
 UNIX ।⠢ ᮡ ᪨  ਬ  䨫  .
 ⨫ ᪠ 室 ⮪   ᪥ ப,  -
 ᮮ⢥  蠡.  ணࠬ ࠢ  -
室  ப,   ᮮ⢥ ⮬  蠡.      -
䨫஢뢠,  뢠 ப,   㤮⢮騥  蠡.
Perl 쭮 室  ஥ 䨫஢ .   ⢨-
⥫쭮,   ᮧ   ⨫ grep,  ᯮ
᫥騩 ⪨ ਯ  몥 Perl:

$pattern = shift(@ARGV); #   ப
while (<>)
        { #  ப  室 ⮪
   print if (/$pattern/); # output line if it matches
}

      ⮬ 砥 ਯ    ᬠਢ  室  
ப  ப. ᫨ ப ᮤন ⥪,  । -
 㬥⮬  ப,     ணࠬ  ⠥  ⠪
ப.   ᯮ,  ᫨ ᠭ ⥪ ਯ  
⥭.   ⮩    ᠭ  ஢  -
 ⨯ ணࠬ  몥 Perl.

       PERL   
     ᠬ ᭮ ਤ 讥 祭   ண-
ࠬ஢ CGI,  ⠪   襭 㣨 ,   易  
ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ⥩.  뢠 室 -
 䠩  㣨  ⥬  ஧  ஭  짮-
⥫,    ந⥪   ⭮  
 ᫠.   ᮡ   Web-ࢥ஢,   ⠪ -
 ࢥ஢,   ⠪    FTP-ࢥ,      祭  
Internet,   稥 諥 짮⥫   -
⭮.    ⥩  ⥬  ⠪ ⠪ 諥
㦨 ᮧ  ᭮,  १   ய᪠
室 .   ⮬ 砥 ⮫쪮 ,  業 
ணࠬ  ,  ।   ⥬.    ࠤ樮
  ࢥ஢ Internet ᯮ  ⥬  UNIX  
ᠭ  몥 . ୮ ᯮ짮 ணࠬ⠬ 㪠-
⥫  몥    襭 ᭮  ࠡ  ⥬.
  ⮨ Perl,  ⢥    ᠭ  
 ணࠬ, 㦨  䠪,  ६ ப -
  ᢮  ⮬᪨  ᨬ   ॡ-
.  ப ६ ᮤঠ ⮫쪮 ᨬ,  ᪮쪮  
ᢠ ਯ.  Perl   ணࠬ    
 ६ ⠪ ࠧ,  ⮡  楫⭮ 
㣮 ६.   ⠪ ᯥ樠쭠  몠  Perl,
 뢠 taintperl,  ன ⢫ ஢ઠ -
ᨬ⥩  묨   ।頥  믮  ⥬
  ।  ࢥ  筨,   㦨-
 . ᫨ ᯮ祭  ४  㯠 
室 ணࠬ taintperl,    砥  祭 
ப,  ६ 㦥  室     ᯮ祭,
।  쭥 । ࢥ     -
⠫쭮 訡.

     FRONTEND-     
     ⨫ ⨯ frontend       ।⠢  ᮡ
ணࠬ,   頥   ࢥ    -
⠫ ணࠬ.  ணࠬ ࠡ뢠  짮-
      ⮩ ᭮ ନ ᢮      
  ࠬࠬ, 室묨  㯠    ࢥ-
. Frontend-ணࠬ  ⠪ ࠡ뢠 १ -
, ନ஢ ⢥  뫠  ⭮ 짮⥫.  
㧭,  ணࠬ ᮧ  ਫ    
᪫⥫쭮  몥 Perl,  祬   室 
ᯥ樠쭮 ࢥ  . Perl  ஥ -
  ⮡ࠦ 樠⨢ ᨢ (㦤    
⮩ )  䠩  .   १   䠩 -
   ࠬ ਯ Perl ⠪        -
⠬ ᨢ,  ᪮ /뢮  䠩   ஧
 ਯ.    ᫮ ਫ  ᭮    
Perl  믮 ஫ 饣   ࢥ஬    -
  㭪樮஢  Frontendணࠬ   . -
쪮 ᯥ樠 ᨩ 몠 Perl 뫮 ᮧ   ७
প  ࢥ஢  . ਬ, oraperl -
稢  㯠  ࢥࠬ   Oracle.

       PERL   CGI-
C.
       㧭  ।饩 ,  CGI  ᯥ稢  㧫
Web ooo ࠪ⨢ ࠡ  ᪨ ணࠬ, 
⢥  筮 㯠 㧥.     -
 ᯮ ਯ CGI  㯠        -
,          ࢥ      묨.
ᯮ짮 CGI  짮⥫      
  Web, ᯮ  Web-㧥. CGI-ਯ ⠥ 
ࠡ뢠 ᮤঠ L-, ⠭ ᮥ  -
 , 뫠  , ࠡ뢠 १ ⢥⮢,
ନ   ᭮   㬥,   ⥬ 뫠  
⭮ 짮⥫. ஬ ⮣,   蠣   ᤥ-
 ⠪, ⮡ ᯥ ᭮ ࢥ.

        PERL
      ,    㤠 㡥  室 -
  ᬮ ᯮ짮 몠 Perl   ᠭ  ਯ-
⮢ CGI.   ᫥ ࠧ  㧭,   ᪠ Perl 
ᯮ   ᮧ  ਯ  몥 Perl. -
 室 Perl  ,   ⮩   ।稬  
⮬,  ꥤ ,    ࠧ.    -
 㤥 㤥 ࠧ  ⨬ 몠.

<HELLO WORLD>   PERL
     設⢮ 祡  몠 ணࠬ஢  稭
 ⥩襩 ணࠬ,   뢮 ⥪ <Hello World>.   
ᮮ⢥⢨  ⮩ ࠤ樥  ਢ 襩    ᪮쪮
ਬ஢ ணࠬ <Hello World>.  騩  㦨  뢮
 ࠭ ᮮ饭 <Hello World>  ࠧ,  ᯮ  ࠧ-
 ᯮᮡ:

#  ᯮᮡ  ᪠ <Hello World>
printf("Hello world\n");
printf("%s\n",'Hello world');
print "Hello World", "\n"


     ࢠ ப ।⠢ ᮡ ਩.   몥 Perl
  (#) 砥 ਩.  Perl 室  ,
   ⥪, 稭      ப.  
 㦨 ⢥ ᯮᮡ    ਨ    몥
Perl.  ⫨稥     樨,   ࠧ  -
।﫠 ᪮쪮 ப ਥ.      㭪
printf 룫廊 ⠪ ,   몥 .    ,
 ணࠬ  ᮤন 㭪樨 main.    ਯ  ন-
 ணࠬ ( 㭪 ),  ਯ  ।
ࠧ,   ᮤঠ ⥫ 㭪樨 main.   ⮣ -
 Perl ࠧ 稭 ᯮ ਯ  ࢮ  -
ࠦ  䠩.  ஥ ࠦ,  ᮤঠ饥  㭪  printf,
-⠪ 룫廊 筮 ᢮ ᯮ짮  몥 , 
᪫祭 ⮣,    ப 㬥⮢ 祭   -
 窨 ('')  ⨢  (""),  ᯮ-
  .   몥 Perl ப   窠 砥 ।-
 த ८ࠧ. ਬ,   Perl ८-
 ࠦ  ப   窠 "\n"  ᨬ  -
 ப.  ਯ Perl ᯮ  窨  -
 ப ࠫ, . . ப ࠦ,   -
ᠭ . ਬ, Perl ⠥ ࠦ   -
 ('\n')    ('\')  'n',      室  
 ப.  ,  ᫥ ப  ணࠬ ᮤন
㭪 print, ன   몥 .   ⮬ 砥  -
  ⮩ 㭪樨 砥  ⢨ ᪮. -
,     ᥣ  ᪮    ⠢  㭪樨
몠 Per].   設⢥ 砥 室   .
Perl ॡ 祭 ᪮ ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥,  ᫨   
ࠦ 뢠   ।,   ᫥.
  , 祭 ᪮   ᮮ⢥ 襩 ࠤ-
樨,    ᫥ ⪠뢠  .

      PERL
      ⠫ ६ ஡ ࠡ  몮 Perl  -
।⢥. ᫨    ⠭ Perl  襩 ⥬, 
室 ᤥ .    䠩 Perl.txt    CD-ROM,
 室   .   ,   Perl  -
쭮 ⠭.      ᪠  ਯ  Perl,
 ᫥饩:

C:\PERL>perl script-name <ENTER>

     ਬ, ᮧ 䠩   hello.pl,  ᮤঠ騩 -
  ப:

Print "Hello world\n"

        ப  ᫥ :

C:\PERL>perl hello.pl <ENTER>

      ࠭  㢨 ᫥騩 ⥪:

Hello World

      㦥 ਫ,  ᫨  ᯮ UNIX-⥬,    
 맢 ਯ Perl ⠪  ࠧ,    ᠬ-
⥫ ணࠬ.   ⮣ ⮡ ,   ।  䠩
⠪, ⮡ ࢠ ப 뫠 筠 ।⠢ :

#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Hello world\n"

      ⮬ 砥 ࢠ ப 㪠뢠 ⥬,  室-
  ਯ, ᯮ Perl.  ,    -
  ਥ    砩, ⠪  Perl,  ந-
 .    ,  設⢮ UNIX   ਯ⮢
shell ᬮ   ᨬ   ᯮ塞  ਯ.
᫨ 묨 ᨬ 㦠 #!,  shell 㤥 ᯮ짮 -
⮪ ப  ⢥   ᪠ ਯ.      
砥 ⠪   /usr/bin/perl. Shell ᤠ 
ਯ Perl ⮬᪨.    ⮣  ⮡    ਯ,
室   chmod  ⮣, ⮡ 㪠 ਯ-
  䠩,   室 믮 (ਬ,  chmod  +  
hello.pl).  ᨬ  ணࠬ shell, ⠪  ॡ-
   rehash  ⮣,  ⮡ 㪠  ணࠬ
shell,     . ,  ⠪ ॡ-
 ஢   Perl,  ᫨   ⠫஢  -
⠫ /usr/bin 襩 ⥬.

ਬ砭: 設⢮ ਯ⮢ Perl ᯮ  ⢥  -
७.1,   易⥫쭮.  ᫨  ᪠ ਯ Perl
 ⤥ ணࠬ, , ,   㤮 㤥 -
  ७.

       PERL
       ०६  ᥩ  ⫠-
 Perl.   ᯮ짮  ⫠稪      ᪫-
⥫쭮   祭 몠 Perl.        
  ணࠬ,   ਢ  ⮩    -
⢥ ਬ஢. ᪨    ࠦ Perl -
।⢥  ⫠稪,  ᯮ    ⢥  ࠪ⨢
Perl.   ᯮᮡ     ﬨ
몠,   , 祬 ᮧ  ᪠  ਯ-
.  ⫠稪 Perl ஥  ᠬ Perl.    ⫠稪,
ᯮ  -d   ப ᫥騬 ࠧ:

C:\PERL> Perl -d hello.pl <ENTER>

      ⠪ 砥 Perl 㧨 ਯ hello.pl  筥 ⫠-
. ᫨  ᯮ UNIX-⥬,    -
਩ #!/usr/bin/perl -d  ᠬ 砫 ਯ Perl.  ᫨ -
 㧨 Perl  ⫠稪  㧪 ਯ,     
ᯮ짮 ᫥ : : \> Perl -de 0 <ENTER>   ⠪
砥 㬥  ப -d 㪠뢠 Perl    室-
 맮 ⫠稪,  㬥 -e 0 ⠢ 믮 Perl
ਯ,  騩  0 ப.  ᪮ ਯ 0  ,
 Perl   ⫠稪.  ᫨ Perl ⠭    
⥬ ४⭮,   ࠭  㢨 ᫥騥 ,  -
 ,   室  ⫠稪:

Loading DB routines from $RCSfile: perldb.pl,v $$Revision: 4.0.1.3
$$Date: 92/06/08 13:43:57 $
Emacs support available.
Enter h for help.
main '(p1000159:1):
DB<1>

     ᫨ Perl 뢮 ⢥,   㪠뢠  訡,  ⠪ 
Can't locate perldb.pl @INC, , ,  Perl ⠭  襩
⥬ ४⭮.  ⠪ 砥 ⠩ readme-䠩,  -
 ᮯ஢   Perl.   ⫠稪    
 ࠦ Perl,       ᯮ.    -
⥫쭮  ᯮ짮 ᫥騥  ⫠稪: ? h - -
  ⢥ ᪠ ᯨ᮪  ⫠稪 ?  n -  -
  ᫥饣 ࠦ ?  <CR> -  ᫥ -
 n  s ?  p ࠦ - ᮪饭   print -
 ? q -  ࠡ ? r - ᯮ  室  ண-
ࠬ ? s -  蠣  ਯ ( 室  ணࠬ)

     ਬ,  ᫥   ⫠稪  ᯮ  㭪
print  ⮣, ⮡ 뢥  ࠭ ᮮ饭 Hello World:

DB<1> prinf "Hello World\n"; <ENTER>
Hello World
DB<2>

     ᯮ ⫠稪    ,  뢥  -
࠭  ࠦ.  饭   ⫠稪  -
   ⮩   ࠦ,  ᪮ ⫠稪 -
   . , ⫠稪 ᥣ 室   -
   .  騩     ᯮ짮
 : <ENTER>

DB<2>  "Hello World\n" <ENTER>
Hello World
DB<3>

       , 直 ࠧ,   ࠥ  -
稪, 稪 ⫠稪 㢥稢  ,   室
ࠦ   ப DB.   , ,  ⭮,
⮨  ⫠稪,  ⮡     
ਬ  ࠡ  몮 Perl ࠪ⨢.

ਬ砭:  ⮣,  ⮡  ࠦ    ப  
⫠稪 (debugger),  室 ᯮ짮 ᨬ  த
<\>   ப..   ⫠稪 ᮮ   ᨭ⠪-
 訡.

        ᯮ짮 ᨬ த-
  ࠡ  ⫠稪:

DB<3> for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) { \ <ENTER>
cont: print $i; \ <ENTER>
cont: } <EIITER>
0123456789
DB<4>

      ⮬ 砥  뢮 ᥫ  0  9 ᯮ짮  横
for,  㤥 ஡ ᬮ७  ⮩ .

        PERL
       ᯮ  ணࠬ     -
.  ,  ⨯  ।  ⢮ -
,   ਭ ६,   ⠪  権,
 ணࠬ  믮  .   몥 Perl  -
  ᫮  ப ᨬ.    祭  뢠
᪠୮ 稭   ᪠஬.   ਢ  ਬ
᪠ 祭,  ᯮ  몥 Perl: ? -
: 127  127.0  1.272 ?  ⭠: Ox7F  0x7f
?  쬥: 0177 (  0  㪠뢠,      ᯮ
쬥筮 ᫮) ? ப: "Hello World\n"  'Hello World'

ਬ,  ᫥  ᯮ ⫠稪 Perl    ⮣,
⮡ 뢥 ᫮ 0177 쬥筮 ⥬,    ᮮ⢥饥
 127 筮:

DB<4>  0177 <ENTER>
127

     Perl ॢ   ᢮ ७ ଠ.    Perl
⠥ 쬥  ⭠ 祭,   ᭠砫
ॢ    ଠ,  뫮 .

ਬ砭:   㧭,  ਯ Perl    ᯮ짮
㭪 printf  ⮣,  ⮡ 뢮,  祭   뢠
ଠ,  ⠪  쬥  ⭠.

      ⢥ ७ ।⠢  ᥫ  ᯮ-
 ଠ  饩 ⮩  筮 (double).    묨
᫮, । ७ ଠ⮢  楫᫥.   -
,  設⢥ 砥       ,
 Perl ᤥ  ᠬ  .  ਬ,  ᫨   ᯮ
稭  ⥪,   ⮫쪮  楫᫥  祭  
, Perl ᠬ ⮬᪨  ᫮.

ਬ砭: ᫨  ணࠬ     ᯮ짮  楫-
   祭 楫 ᥫ ⮬᪨,  ,  ண-
ࠬ  몥 Perl,     믮 祭  -
, ᯮ 㭪 int().

       ,   Perl ࠡ뢠 ᫠
楫 ⨯   饩 ⮩:

print 6 & 3;            # 뢥 2
print 6.9 & 3.1         #
print 7 / 2             # 뢥 2.3333  楫
print int(7/3)          # 뢥 2

     筮 ⠪ ,   Perl ८ࠧ ᫠  饩  -
⮩  楫 ᫠:  ਯ ᯮ  楫᫥  -
,  ⠪ ८ࠧ ᫠  ப  ,   ⠪
८ࠧ  . ਬ, ᫨ ਯ ᯮ -
  ⥪,  ⮫쪮 ப  , ਬ,  ᮥ-
 ப,   ᫠  ப.   -
,  ᫨ ॡ ᯮ짮 ப ⠬,    ⮫쪮  ᫠
 ,  Perl    ᫠.   ਯ-
 Perl,  筮   ᯮ  ७  ।⠢
᪠ 稭. Perl ন ⠪ 楯 㫥 -
祭,      ᠭ ᯥ樠쭮 ⨯.     ,
᫥ 祭 ᬠਢ ⨭,  ᫨     ࠢ
. ⥫쭮 ப 祭 ᬠਢ  ⨭-
,  ᫨   ࠢ ''  '0'.   㫥  ,
⠪  <>> (),      ⢥  祭
<⨭>   -  ⢥ <>.  ᠬ,  ਯ -
  ᬠਢ 㫥 稭   筮  ⨯,
⠪  ᫮  ⢥ 㫥 祭  <⨭>.    ਯ
Perl  㯯஢ ᪠  稭      ᮧ
ᯨ᮪ (list).  ᫨ ਯ ࠭ ᯨ᮪  -  ६,
  ६ ⠭ ᨢ (array).

     
     Perl ন  ⨯ ६: ᪠,   ᨢ  
樠⨢ ᨢ.    몥 ,   ६ 
 ࠧ祭    㪢.   ࠧ,    
VAR, Var  var 뢠 ࠧ ६. ਯ  
᪠ ६   var  ६-ᨢ,    ⠪
 var.    ࠧ  몥 Perl  ᮮ⢥⢨
 ⥪⮬.


ਬ砭: ६ Perl ⨯஢,      
. ਬ,  ᪠ୠ ६  ᮤঠ  ⨯ ᪠-
,  ਢ ⨯ ⢫ ⮬᪨. , 
  㦥 ,  ६   몥  Perl  易⥫쭮
  . ᫨ ६  ,  Perl -
ᬠਢ   .        -
 ६    .

      
      ⬥砫,  ᪠ୠ ६  ᮤঠ  -
⢥ 祭.   몥 Perl  ᪠ ६ ᥣ-
 稭   ($).    饬 ࠦ ᪠୮ -
६ $age ᢠ 祭 35,    ६  $name  -
ப 祭 <Bob>.  ⥬ ᯮ 㭪  print  
뢮 祭   ६:

$age = 35;
$name = 'Bob';
print ($name,'is',$age);

     ᫨    ࠭    ࠦ    䠩      
SCALAR.PL,  ᬮ  ணࠬ ᫥騬 ࠧ:

C:\PERL> Perl SCALAR.PL <ENTER>
Bob is 35

     
      뫮 ᪠ ,  ᨢ ।⠢ ᮡ  ६-
, ਭ騥  ⢥ 祭 ᯨ᮪  ᪠ 稭.
騩 ⥪ ணࠬ  몥 Perl    
६ ⨯ ᨢ   樠:


@days = ('Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat');

print(@days);                   # 뢥 'SunMonTueWedThuFriSat'
print($days[4]);                        # 뢥 'Thu'
@weekdays = @days[1..5];        # 祭  ('Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri')
@emptylist = ();                # ⮩ ᯨ᮪

     뫪  ६ ⨯ <ᨢ> 筮 稭  -
 (@)  ᮯ஢ 祭ﬨ    ᪮  ([  ]).
   ணࠬ஢  몥  ,    ᠬ  ᨢ  
ਯ⮢ ᥣ  ६ 楫 ⨯,    筮
稭  㫥 祭.   㢨  ᪫祭    
 ࠢ  ਬ,    ᭥  ⮩  .
 ࠦ ($days[4]) 㦨 ਬ஬ ᨢ,  -
  ᪠୮ 祭.  ᪮  ᮤন ⮫쪮  
, १饥 祭 ।⠢ ᮡ ᪠.  ᫨
ᯮ짮  ($)   (@),     ਯ  㤥  -
  ᪠ 稭.   砭  祭  -
.  ᪮ 㪠뢠,  ਯ 뫠  ᨢ.
 $,   ᢮ ।,  砥 뫪  ᪠  稭.
樠 ᨢ @weekdays ⢫ ⥬ 롮ન -
 ᨢ @days.   ।饬 ਬ ᨢ @days ᯮ짮-
  .   饭,  Perl 뫠   -
ᨢ.  ࠧ,   ।饬 ਬ ᨢ @days -
樠஢ ᯨ᪮ ࠫ.  ஬ ⮣,   ᨢ 
ᢠ  ⢥ 祭 ࠫ,  ਯ    ⠪
ᢠ ᨢ 祭 ६    㣨  -
,   :

@stuff = ($age, $name)
@FriendsOfMine = ('Joe','Mary', @FriendsOfYours);

      ᫥饬 ਬ ᯮ  ᨢ:

@weekend = @days[0,6] ;         # १ ('Sun','Sat')
print (@days[1..5,0,6]);                # 뢥 'MonTueWedThuFriSunSat'

     ᫨ ਯ ᯮ ६ ⨯  ᨢ    ⥪
᪠,   祭 㦨 ᫮ ⮢ ᨢ.  
⥪⮬  ⠪ ⥪,   ⮫쪮 ᪠  -
  . ਬ, ᫥饥 ࠦ ᯮ ᪠-
 ⥪  ᨢ stuff  ⮣,  ⮡ ।  ᫮
⮢ ᮤঠ饥  ᨢ. ᫨ ᫮ ⮢,  
ࠢ 2,  ਯ 뤠 ᮮ饭  稢 ᯮ:

(@stuff >= 2) || die "Too much stuff! \n";

     㭪 die 㦨 ४⨢  Perl   믮-
  뤠  ⮬ 㪠 ᮮ饭.  ᫨ ᮮ饭  -
ন,  㭪  稢 믮 ਯ.  Perl
⠪ ন ᯥ樠  $# ६,   -
 頥 ᫥ 祭   ᨢ.    ਬ,
᫥饥 ࠦ for ᯮ $[  ⮣,  ⮡ ।
砫쭮 祭  ᨢ,   $#  । ᫥-
  ⮢ ᨢ.  ⮬   ࠦ for 뢮-
 祭   ⮢:

for ($i =$[; $i <= $#stuff; $i++)
        {
                print $stuff[$i];
        }

     ᠭ 横 for    ᫥騬  
ࠦ:

Print @stuff;

              
     ⬥⨬,    ஥ ᯨ᪠ (,) 룫廊  筮
⠪ ,   (,) ᫥⥫쭮 ᫥ (sequential
evaluation).   ஢ ᯮ,   ⥪-
,  ஬  ,   ⭮,    ६-
 ᪠஬  ᨢ.  Perl ᯮ ஢ ᯨ-
  ⥪ ᨢ  ᫥⥫쭮 ᫥  ᪠-
஢. ᬮਬ ᫥騥 ࠦ:

@an_array = (1,2,3,4,5);
$a_scalar = (1,2,3,4,5);

      ࢮ ࠦ 樠 ᨢ,    ६  
஥  ࠦ  ⠭  祭  ᪠୮  ६
$a_scalar ࠢ 5,  뢠   稭.  ᬮ-
ਬ  ᫥ ࠦ:

print $assoc{1,2};
print @assoc{1,2};

      ࢮ 砥 㤥 ⠭  祭 樠⨢-
 ᨢ   砬,    ६   ஬  -
⠭  祭 樠⨢ ᨢ    箬.    
 ᫥ ࠦ ࢮ  ᯨ᮪,  ⮣   -
஥ ᢠ ᪠୮ 稭 祭,  ࠢ ࠧ -
ᨢ:


@x = @list;
$x = @list;

      
     樠⨢ ᨢ   ᨢ  ⮬  -
襭,    ।⠢ ᮡ ᯨ᮪ ᪠ ६.
稥 砥  ⮬,   ᨢ  ᯮ짮 楫-
᫥ 祭  ⢥ ᮢ  롮 ⮢  -
ᨢ,  ⮣  樠⨢ ᨢ  ᯮ짮 稭
 ⨯  롮 ⮢ ᨢ.   稭 
樠⨢ ᨢ 뢠 砬.  ᬮਬ  ᫥騥
ਬ:

$ages{'Bob'} = 35;
$ages{'Mary'} = 25;
$, = ' ';            # change output separator for print operator

print @ages{'Bob','Mary'};      # 뢥  '25 35'
print keys(%ages);              # 뢥 'Bob Mary'

for $name (keys(%ages))
        {
                print "$name is $ages{$keys}\n";
        }

       ,  ணࠬ ᢠ 祭 ६
'$,' (᪠ୠ ६,    ன    ).
ਯ ᯮ  ࠦ  ⮣,  ⮡    쭥襬
ᯮ짮  print 室   ᫨  
ᮡ.   ⮩  㦤 ᯥ樠 ६, -
  '$,'.  樠⨢ ᨢ     
䨣 ᪮.     ᨢ,   뫪  樠-
⨢ ᨢ 楫   ᯮ.  ਬ,  뫪
@ages{'Bob', 'Mary'} ᯮ   ᪮,   㪠뢠
 樠⨢ ᨢ. 䨪 @ 㪠뢠  ,   
 ᨢ.  筮 ᯮ짮   ।  -
 㪠뢠,  ᯮ ᪠ୠ 稭.

ਬ砨: ᫨   ,      @  -
  ⮬,       樠⨢ ᨢ   -
     ᯨ᪠.   ࠦ  ⭮
#ages{' Bob'}, #ages{'Mary'}. ஥  ᢮ 祭 -
稭 (35, 25).

     ࠦ print keys(%ages) 뢠  keys,  
頥  ᯨ᮪ 祩 樠⨢ ᨢ.    뫪
%ages   業  ⢥ 䨪 砥,   -
 ⭮  ᥬ 樠⨢ ᨢ.   ,
 横 for 뫠  ६,  祭    -
窨.  ,  ᫥  ᬮ७ ਬ஢  ⠪  -
  keys   横 for  ᯥ⪨   -
⠭ 樠⨢ ᨢ.  for 뫠  ६,
祭   窨.  Perl,   ᢮  ।,   
祭,   뫠 ६,   ६,   -
 ஢ ப. ணࠬ 뢠   -
⠭ ६  ௮樥.

ਬ砭: Perl   ६,  ᮤঠ騥 ப
  窠.

      PERL
       ६  ⨯   ६  몠  Perl  -
⥫쭮 ⫨  ᮮ⢥ ⨯ 몠 ,    
ࠦ Per]    ࠧ  묨. 
    몥 Perl,   ᪫祭  
ਢ ⨯ (type),  饭  ᮤন 㪠-
⥫ *ptr     롮  童    var.member  
var->member.  ஬ ⮣,   몥 Perl ॠ    
஢  ᯮ짮  ⠪     ࠢ  
ࠡ⪠ ப.

      
     䬥᪨    ᫮ 祭,   
 १⮬  ᫮.  ᫨ ࠦ 砥 ப
࠭,   Perl  ப 祭  ᫮ -
। ⥬,   業 ࠦ.  Perl  믮  ८ࠧ
ப  ᫠  ⮬,     㭪 atof()몠 
 ⥪ ६ 믮.  饥 ६ Perl ন-
 ᫥騥 䬥᪨ : ? + ᫮ ? - -
    ? * 㬭 ? /  (⮫쪮  -
ᥫ  饩 ⮩) ?  % ⨥   (⮫쪮   楫-
᫥ 祭)

ᬮਬ ਬ ᫥ 䬥᪨ 権 몠 Perl:

$x = 2.5;
$y = 3;
print ($x + 2*$y);                      # 뢥 8.5
print (7 / $y);                         # 뢥 2.3333333
print int (7 / $y);                     # 뢥 2
print (7 % $y);                         # 뢥 1
print (7.5 % $y);                       # 뢥 1


ਬ砭:  몥 Perl   ᥣ   १-
⮬ 4ucw  饩 窮,  १⮬   ᫠ 
 㣮  楫 ᫮  祬  ।⥫쭮  
࠭ ८ࠧ  楫 ⨯.

ᬮਬ ᫥    :

print (7.9 % 3.6);              # 뢥  1   (7 % 3)  = 1

Perl ⠪ ন  ६  ६:
? ++   ६  䨪᭮  䨪᭮ ଥ
? -    ६  䨪᭮  䨪᭮ ଥ

ᬮਬ ਬ 権 ६  ६:

$x = 4;
++$x;
print $x;         # 뢥 5
$y = $x-;         # 㬥 x ᫥ ᢮ y 祭 x
print "$y $x"     # 뢥 5 4

     ,  Perl ᯥ稢 䬥᪨   -
  ⥯ (**).  ᬮਬ ᫥騥 ਬ ᯮ짮-
 樨   ⥯:

$x = 2 ** 3;           # १ 8
$x = 2 ** 0.5;         #  ७  2
$x = -2 ** -3;         # 1/(-2  㡥), १ -1/8 (-0.125)

      
     ⮢     ୮  ।⠢
楫 ᥫ   楫᫥ १.  ᫨ ࠭  -
 ப  ஡ ᫮,  Perl ।⥫쭮 ८ࠧ
  楫 ᫮,  ࠡ뢠 ࠭,    ᯮ  32-⭮
।⠢.   ⮢    ।⠢    몥
Perl: ? | ⮢  ?  & ⮢  ?  ^ ⮢ ᪫-
饥  ? ~ ⮢  ? << ᤢ  ? >> ᤢ ࠢ

ᬮਬ ᫥騥 ਬ ⮢ 権:
$x = 5;                         # 101  筮
$y = 3;                         # 011  筮
print $x | $y;                  # 7 (111)
print $x & $y;                  # 1 (001)
print $x ^ $y                   # 6 (110)
print  $x & ~1;                 # 4 (100)
print $x << 2                   # 20 (10100)
print $x >> 1                   # 2  (10)

    ,   ஢ ᤢ  ࠢ    
ॠ樨    砥, ᫨ ࠭  ⥫.

      
      ࠢ ࠢ 稭  ࠭.  
   ࠡ  䬥᪨ ࠬ,   Perl  ८-
  ࠭  ᫥ । ⥬,  믮 ࠢ-
.  ⮣ ⮡  ਯ ࠢ ப,  -
   ᫠,   Perl    ⥫  
ப ࠢ.   ࠢ ப,  ᯮ
稭 ASCII.  ᫨ ᫥ 祭    ࠭  
ࠢ ப,  ᭠砫 ८ࠧ  ப.  12.1
  ࠢ:

᫮           ப    祭
= =             eq        ࠢ
!=              n         ࠢ
>               gt         祬
<               it         祬
>=              g          ࠢ
<=              l          ࠢ
<=>             cmp        ࠢ (१  )

. 12.1.  ࠢ 몠 Perl

     ⮬ 樨 ࠢ  ,  ᫨ ࠢ-
 ⨭    ⨢ 砥.   ᫥ -
 (<=>  cmp)   祭 -1, 0  1  -
  ⮣,   祭 ࢮ ࠭ ,  祬
ண, ࠢ   訬.

ਬ砭:  cmp 몠 Perl  ᥡ,  筮  -
樨 Strcmp() ⥪ ६ 믮 몠 .

ᬮਬ ᫥騩 ਬ ࠢ:

$x = 5;                         # x ࠢ 5
print ($x < 4);                 # ᫨ false,  뢥 0

      
     ᪨   㫥 ࠦ   -
 祭 <⨭>  <>  ⢥ १.   Perl
ࠡ뢠 ࠭ ᪨ 権  㫥 稭, .
.  ⨭   祭.



᪨  몠 Perl  ᫥騥:

? || ᪮ 
? && ᪮ 

Perl ᥣ ࠡ뢠 ᪨ ࠦ ᫥ ࠢ. -
 ⮣.  Perl ᥣ ४頥 業,   ᫨  㦥  믮
業 筮, ⮡ । 祭 १.  -
  騬 ᪨ ࠬ Perl  ন  ᫥騥
⥫ ᪨ :

? !    ᪮ 栭 ()
? ?:   ᫮ 
? ,    ᫥⥫쭮 믮

 ᪮ 栭 (!)  祭 㫥  -
稭  ⨢.      ,   몥 Perl ᫮-
  (?:) ᯮ  ࠭. ࠦ,  ᯮ-
饥 ᫮ ,  ᫥ :

Condition ? true-result : false-result

筮,  ᫥饥 ࠦ ᯮ ᫮  
⮣,  ⮡ ।⠢   ,   ᥬ ⠫ -
࠭祭:

$access = ($user eq 'Bob' ? 'Full' : 'Limited');

 ᫥⥫쭮 믮 <,>  (⠪    
 )    ᪨ ஬,  -
    ⨭ ᢮ ࠭.  Perl 믮-
 ࠭  ᫥⥫쭮 믮 ᫥ -
  頥 祭 ᠬ ࠢ ࠭.  騩 -
  ᯮ짮    横 for.

For ($i=0, $j=10; $i<10; $i++, $j-)
        {
                print i$,' ',$j
        }


      
     ᪮ Perl ।⠢ ᮡ   ࠡ⪨ ⥪,
㤨⥫쭮,     祭 ⥫   
ࠡ  ப.    ࠡ⪨ ப:
?. ⥭ ப ?  ९ ?  =~ ᮯ⠢ ६-
  ࠧ殬 ? !~  ,   ।饥,    -
栭 १

     ਬ஬:

print 'b' . 'an' x 2 . 'a';        # 뢥 'banana'

      ,   ࠦ ᯮ ⥭ ப 
 ९-樨  ⮣,  ⮡  ப <banana>.
 ᫥  ᯮ  ஢ન ⮣,  砥
 ப ࠭  ࠧ.    ⠫쭮  -
㦤  ࠧ < ࠦ>.  騩 ਬ -
  ᯮ짮:

$var = 'banana';
print ($var =~ /ana/) ? TRUE : FALSE;

      ⮬ 砥  ஢ન 宦   ப  ࠧ
(=~) ᯮ짮  ஢ન ⮣, 室  ࠧ ana  -
६ $var.    砥 ࠦ ਭ 祭 <-
⨭>.

      
     ᫨    몮 ணࠬ஢ ,   -
஢ ᢠ 몠 Perl     ᮢ襭 -
묨.       ,    ⠢ Perl  믮-
 ᯥ樠 樨  祭ﬨ,    -
 ஭ ,  ⥬ 믮 ᢠ:
     =       +=      -=      *=      /=      %=      |=      &=
    ^=      ~=      <<=     >>=     **=     .=      x=

     LVALUES
      몥 Perl,  ⠪     ,  lvalue ।⠢  ᮡ
 ⮣,   ⮨   ஭  ᢠ.  -
 ࠧ,  lvalue ।⠢ ᮡ 楫⭮,  ன -
  ᢮ 祭, ਬ, lvalue   ६-
.  ਬ,  ਯ Perl   ᢮  祭  ப
ᨬ,  ࠦ <Bob> = 32,  ᪮ <Bob>  -
 lvalue.   ,  ਯ  ᢮ 祭 -
६ $Bob, ਬ,  ᫥騬 ࠧ $Bob = 32,  ᪮
६ $Bob  lvalue.   몥 Perl  楫⭮,
  ᯮ짮  lvalue, 筮 ⠪  -
. ਬ, ᫥饥 ࠦ 㯠뢠 (pack)  ᯠ-
 (unpack) ᯨ᮪ 祭,  祬 ᯨ᮪ ६  ࢮ
砥   ᪠  ஬  lvalues:

        @color = ($r, $g, $b);          #  梥⮢
        ($r, $g, $b) = @color;          # ᯠ 梥

       ࠡ⠥  ᯨ᪠  몥 Perl,   -
  易 ⥫쭮 ⭮  ᥬ ᯨ.  ਯ 
ᢠ 祭 ⤥ ⠬ ᯨ᪠,   -
:

        @items[2,4,7] = (100,200,300);

      ⮬ 砥  ᢠ 祭  ६  ⠬
ᯨ᪠.   ࠧ  ᫥饥  ࠦ  ᯠ뢠
 ᯨ᪠,  ᢠ 祭   ⮢  
᪠ ६,  ⮪ ᨢ - ᯨ筮 ६:

($arg1,$arg2,@rest) = @ARGV;    #  ᬥ ᪠  ᨢ

         
      ⠢ 権  ࠡ  ᯨ᪠ 室 ᫥騥:

? ,     ᯨ᪮
? ..     
?     ९樨

      㦥 ᯮ짮   ᯨ᪮    樠樨
ᨢ    ᮧ  ᯨ᪠  ६,    ᯮ짮  
lvalues.   頥  ⢥ 祭 ᫥-
⥫쭮 楫 ᥫ,   稭   ࠭ 
த  ࠢ ࠭ ⥫쭮.  ਯ  -
   ᮢ⭮  ஬  ᯨ᪮  
ᮧ ᯨ᪮. ਬ, ᫥饥 ࠦ ᯮ -
   ⮣,  ⮡ ᮧ ᯨ᮪     @digits,
 ᮤন ᫠    :

@digits = 0..9;         # ᯨ᮪ (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

      ࠧ,  ࠦ  ᯮ짮 -
    ᮧ      ᮢ  ᨢ.
।,  ᯨ᮪ @days ᮤন   (稭  -
ᥭ).   ᫥饬 ࠦ ᯨ @weekdays  ᢠ
祭, 稭  쭨  ⭨:

@weekend = @days[1..5];

     , ᫥饥 ࠦ ᯮ   -
  ᮧ ᯨ᪠ ⭠ :

@hex_digits = (0..9,a..f);

      ९樨  ᮧ      ࠭
㪠 ᫮ ࠧ. ਬ,   ᫥饬 ࠦ ᯨ᮪ -
祭 1, 2, 3   ࠧ:

         
     Perl ᮤন  ᯨ᮪ ஢  ࠡ  䠩-
.     27 ஢,    ᯥ
ଠ  䠩,   뢠 .    몠
Perl ਥ஢  ⥬ UNIX,   ᫥騥  ࠡ-
   ⥬: ? -d ஢ 稥 ⠫ ?  - -
। 稥 䠩 ? -s । ࠧ 䠩 ?  -w ।-
,      䠩

     騥  䠩   㫥 祭.
⨩  頥 ࠧ 䠩  . 騩 ⥪
 ᯮ짮  ஢:

        if (-e,'perl.exe')
          {
                print 'File size is:' -s 'perl.exe';
           }
        else
           {
                print 'can\' t find perl.exe\n';
           }
        (-w 'SomeFile') || die "Cannot write to SomeFile\n";


       
       直  ணࠬ஢,  Perl । ਮ-
 믮 ஢,        㯮冷稢
᫥⥫쭮  믮.   12.2  ਮ-
 ஢ 稭  襣  ᫥  襬:

?  ++-
?  ! ~ 㭠 
? **
? =~ !~
? * / % 
? +-
?  <<>>
?  -d - -s -w ( 㣨 䠩 )
? <> <= >= It gt le ge
?  = = != < => eq ne cmp
? &
? |^
? &&
? ||
? ..
?
? : = += -= *=

. 12.2. ਮ ஢ 몠 Perl  襣  襬

      ᢮ ਯ    ᫥⥫쭮 믮-
 ஢   ᪮.

       PERL
     Perl ন  ࠦ 몠 ,    ᯮ  
  ଠ.  ਬ,    ࠢ騥  樨  if,
while,  do.  for  goto ᯮ   몠   
ଥ.   㢨  쭥襬,   continue  -
쪮  祭  몥 Perl.   ०  祭  ⥯
뢠 next,    break 뢠 ⥯ last.   Perl  
ॠ  switch. ஬ ⮣,   ࠦ 몠
    Perl   ଠ     -
ࠦ.

        
      ࠦ 뢠    ⨬  
஢  ࠭.   몥 Perl ஬  ࠦ-
, 稢饥 窮  ⮩.    몥 ணࠬ-
 ,    稢 窮  ⮩.    
 ⥪ ணࠬ  ⫠稪,   ᪠   -
⮩,  ᪮ ⫠稪 ⠢   .  騩 ⥪ -
 ⮩  ᢠ  몥 Perl:

        $Title = 'Web Programming';

          ணࠬ஢  ,  ਯ Perl  
ᮤঠ  ஢,  ⠢ ,   -
  䨣 ᪮ ({}),   :

        {
                # 
                # 㣮  ஢
        }

      ਯ  ப ᯮ짮  権  -
   ᫮묨 ࠬ.     몥 ,  ਯ  
몥 Perl  ᯮ짮   権    ।
  (scope)  ६.   ।-
  ६     ⮬᪨.  
 樨 ਯ  ᯮ짮  祢  ᫮  local.
  ⮩   ᬮਬ    ६  
⠫.

      
      ।騥 ਬ ᯮ짮  if.   몥
Perl  if   祭    if    몥  .
⫨稥, ,  ⮨  ⮬,    몥   if 
ᯮ짮    䨣 ᪮,  ⮣  
몥 Perl 樨 易⥫쭮   祭   䨣-
 ᪮, ࠧ .

if (expr)
        statement;                 // ਥ  C    Perl

if (expr)
        {
                statement;    #  ⠪ 㦭   Perl
        }

      ࠧ 樨 몠 Perl else ࠡ⠥ -
 ⫨筮  ᮮ⢥饩 樨  .   몥 Perl -
樨 ⠪   祭  䨣 ᪮   ࠧ-
 :

// ਬ   ਥ  Perl
if (expr1)
        statament1;
else if (expr2)
        statement2;
else
        ststement3;

      ,   Perl  ᯮ짮  
elsif:

if (expr1)
    {
        statament1;
    }
elsif (expr2)
    {
        statement2;
     }
else
     {
        ststement3;
      }

      UNLESS
      몥 ணࠬ஢  ணࠬ ᯮ  -
 栭 (!)   㫥 稭  ⨢-
,   :

if (!(expr))            // 栭  
  {
        statement;
   }

       ᯮ짮 ᪮ 栭,  ਯ Perl
 ᮤঠ  unless,  ᯥ稢   ᠬ,
  ᠭ    .

unless (expr)
    {
        statement;
     }

ਬ砭:  ⫨稥  몠 ,  Perl  ᮤন  -
४祭 switch.

      DO
        砥  ஢ 㦨  
do,    権  祭.  -
祭, ஥  do 頥,  祭 ᫥-
 ࠦ,  業  ࠬ .  ਬ,  ᫥騩
 do ࠢ ப ६ $Month  栬 -
  ᢠ ६ $DayCount 祭, ࠢ  
 :

$DayCount = do
   {
if ($Month eq 'September' || $Month eq 'April' || $Month eq 'June' ||
$Month eq 'November')
   {
        30;
    }
elsif ($Month eq 'Februry')
    {
        $Year & 3 ? 28 : 29;       # ஢ઠ  ᮪ 
    }
else
    {
        31;
     }
            };

      ,   Perl ॡ  窨  ⮩
   do.  ⠩  do  ஬ do while, -
 㤥 ᬠਢ   ⮩ .
      7  7        A*.FRM                                        *.MAC                                                           =       